Public attitude towards restrictions on persons with mental illness in greater Hanoi area, Vietnam.

Background And Aims: In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the need to protect human rights in psychiatry. Within the last years, considerable effort has been made to reduce restrictive measures in mental health settings. Reducing restrictive measures within mental health care has also moved increasingly into the focus of public debate.

Proteomic response of Streptococcus pneumoniae to iron limitation.

Iron is an essential trace element and involved in various key metabolic pathways in bacterial lifestyle. Within the human host, iron is extremely limited. Hence, the ability of bacteria to acquire iron from the environment is critical for a successful infection.

Enhanced laccase-mediated transformation of diclofenac and flufenamic acid in the presence of bisphenol A and testing of an enzymatic membrane reactor.

The inadequate removal of pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants in municipal wastewater treatment plants, as evidenced by their detection of these substances in the aquatic environment has led to the need for sustainable remediation strategies. Laccases possess a number of advantages including a broad substrate spectrum. To identify promoting or inhibitory effects of reaction partners in the remediation processes we tested not only single compounds-as has been described in most studies-but also mixtures of pollutants.

ATP6AP2 over-expression causes morphological alterations in the hippocampus and in hippocampus-related behaviour.

The (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR], also known as ATP6AP2 [ATPase 6 accessory protein 2], is highly expressed in the brain. ATP6AP2 plays a role in early brain development, adult hippocampal neurogenesis and in cognitive functions. Lack of ATP6AP2 has deleterious effects, and mutations of ATP6AP2 in humans are associated with, e.

A Large-Scale Multi-ancestry Genome-wide Study Accounting for Smoking Behavior Identifies Multiple Significant Loci for Blood Pressure.

Genome-wide association analysis advanced understanding of blood pressure (BP), a major risk factor for vascular conditions such as coronary heart disease and stroke. Accounting for smoking behavior may help identify BP loci and extend our knowledge of its genetic architecture. We performed genome-wide association meta-analyses of systolic and diastolic BP incorporating gene-smoking interactions in 610,091 individuals.

Rare and changeable as a chameleon: paraneoplastic syndromes in renal cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are important to be recognized by the treating physician, because they may lead to diagnosis of underlying malignant disease. On the other hand, PNS may dominate the clinical picture and can hide the true disorder like a chameleon. When realized, a PNS can be used as a 'neoplastic tumour marker', especially in case of recurrence.

From the genome sequence via the proteome to cell physiology - Pathoproteomics and pathophysiology of Staphylococcus aureus.

While the genome sequence is the blueprint of life, functional genomics is required to transfer the genome sequence to cell physiology. Among the Omics technologies, proteomics holds a privileged position because it deals with the main players of life, the proteins. For the model organism Staphylococcus aureus comprehensive coverage of the proteome was accomplished and used to address physiological and pathophysiological questions.

Are there morphological and life-history traits under climate-dependent differential selection in S Tunesian (Forssk.) Boiss. (Brassicaceae) populations?

Adaptation of morphological, physiological, or life-history traits of a plant species to heterogeneous habitats through the process of natural selection is a paramount process in evolutionary biology. We have used a population genomic approach to disentangle selection-based and demography-based variation in morphological and life-history traits in the crucifer (Forssk.) Boiss.

Oxidation of linoleic and palmitic acid in pre-hibernating and hibernating common noctule bats revealed by C breath testing.

Mammals fuel hibernation by oxidizing saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from triacylglycerols in adipocytes, yet the relative importance of these two categories as an oxidative fuel may change during hibernation. We studied the selective use of fatty acids as an oxidative fuel in noctule bats (). Pre-hibernating noctule bats that were fed C-enriched linoleic acid (LA) showed 12 times higher tracer oxidation rates compared with conspecifics fed C-enriched palmitic acid (PA).

In vivo estimation of transverse relaxation time constant (T ) of 17 human brain metabolites at 3T.

Purpose: The transverse relaxation times T of 17 metabolites in vivo at 3T is reported and region specific differences are addressed.

Methods: An echo-time series protocol was applied to one, two, or three volumes of interest with different fraction of white and gray matter including a total number of 106 healthy volunteers and acquiring a total number of 128 spectra. The data were fitted with the 2D fitting tool ProFit2, which included individual line shape modeling for all metabolites and allowed the T calculation of 28 moieties of 17 metabolites.

The Interplay of Students' School Engagement, School Self-Concept and Motivational Relations during Adolescence.

Existing literature evidences the association between adolescents' school self-concept and engagement, both concepts being related to students' perception of teachers and peers as motivators. However, few longitudinal studies explore the interplay of these factors. The present study aims to close this gap, applying latent cross-lagged panel design to two-wave data from German adolescent students [1088 8th grade students at T1 ( = 13.

Proteomics and transcriptomics in atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common tachyarrhythmia. AF, due to substantial remodeling processes initiated in the atria, is a typically self-sustaining and progressive disease. Atrial remodeling has been intensively investigated at the molecular level in recent decades.

Intraspecific variation in response to magnitude and frequency of freeze-thaw cycles in a temperate grass.

Winter warming and its accompanying predicted decrease in snow pack for northern temperate regions may increase frost damage to plants induced by an increase in freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) due to reduced insulation. FTC frequency, minimum temperature during freezing and pre-existing local adaptations potentially all influence site-specific plant responses to future climatic changes. Within a chamber experiment, frost sensitivity towards recurrent FTCs was determined in 12 populations from various European sampling sites differing in temperature and precipitation.

Release of Platelet-Derived Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Involves Multidrug Resistance Protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) and Is Inhibited by Statins.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent lipid mediator released from activated platelets by an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent export mechanism. A candidate transport protein is the multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4), an ATP-dependent transporter highly expressed in platelets. Furthermore, several statins are known to affect platelet functions and exhibit antithrombotic properties.

An essential regulatory function of the DnaK chaperone dictates the decision between proliferation and maintenance in Caulobacter crescentus.

Hsp70 chaperones are well known for their important functions in maintaining protein homeostasis during thermal stress conditions. In many bacteria the Hsp70 homolog DnaK is also required for growth in the absence of stress. The molecular reasons underlying Hsp70 essentiality remain in most cases unclear.

Distinct effects of the nephridial symbionts Verminephrobacter and Candidatus Nephrothrix on reproduction and maturation of its earthworm host Eisenia andrei.

Verminephrobacter, the most common specific symbionts in the nephridia (excretory organs) of lumbricid earthworms, have been shown to improve reproduction of the garden earthworm Aporrectodea tuberculata under nutrient limitation. It is unknown how general this beneficial trait is in the Verminephrobacter-earthworm symbiosis, whether other nephridial symbionts also affect host fitness and what the mechanism of the fitness increase is. Here we report beneficial effects of Verminephrobacter and Candidatus Nephrothrix on life history traits of the compost worm Eisenia andrei, which in addition to these two symbionts also hosts Agromyces-like bacteria in its mixed nephridial community: while growth was identical between control, Verminephrobacter-free and aposymbiotic worms, control worms produced significantly more cocoons and offspring than both Verminephrobacter-free and aposymbiotic worms, confirming the reproductive benefit of Verminephrobacter in a second host with different ecology and feeding behavior.

Adaptation and validation of the German Patient Activation Measure for adolescents with chronic conditions in transitional care: PAM 13 for Adolescents.

Measuring adolescent patients' engagement in their health care is especially important in preparing for chronically ill adolescents' transition into adult care. In this study, we aimed to create an adolescent version of the German language Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13-D) originally tested in in adults and psychometrically test the adapted measure (PAM 13 for Adolescents). After linguistic and content-related adaptations, the PAM 13 for Adolescents was tested in a large sample of adolescents with different chronic conditions (N = 586, mean age 17.

Associations of genetic determinants of serum vitamin B12 and folate concentrations with hay fever and asthma: a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis.

Background/objectives: Studies of the effect of vitamin B12 and folate on the risk of asthma and hay fever have shown inconsistent results that may be biased by reverse causation and confounding. We used a Mendelian randomization approach to examine a potential causal effect of vitamin B12 and folate on hay fever, asthma, and selected biomarkers of allergy by using 11 vitamin B12-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 2 folate-associated SNPs as unconfounded markers.

Subjects/methods: We included 162,736 participants from 9 population-based studies including the UK Biobank.

On the information content of discrete phylogenetic characters.

Phylogenetic inference aims to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships of different species based on genetic (or other) data. Discrete characters are a particular type of data, which contain information on how the species should be grouped together. However, it has long been known that some characters contain more information than others.

Combination of surface and 'vertical' loop elements improves receive performance of a human head transceiver array at 9.4 T.

Ultra-high-field (UHF, ≥7 T) human magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides undisputed advantages over low-field MRI (≤3 T), but its development remains challenging because of numerous technical issues, including the low efficiency of transmit (Tx) radiofrequency (RF) coils caused by the increase in tissue power deposition with frequency. Tight-fit human head transceiver (TxRx) arrays improve Tx efficiency in comparison with Tx-only arrays, which are larger in order to fit multi-channel receive (Rx)-only arrays inside. A drawback of the TxRx design is that the number of elements in an array is limited by the number of available high-power RF Tx channels (commonly 8 or 16), which is not sufficient for optimal Rx performance.

Novel Effective Small-Molecule Antibacterials against Enterococcus Strains.

species cause increasing numbers of infections in hospitals. They contribute to the increasing mortality rates, mostly in patients with comorbidities, who suffer from severe diseases. resistances against most antibiotics have been described, including novel antibiotics.

Ligand-Induced Dimerization of a Truncated Parallel MYC G-Quadruplex.

Binding of an indoloquinoline derivative with an aminoalkyl side chain to a truncated sequence from the MYC promoter region was studied through isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The targeted MYC3 sequence lacks 3'-flanking nucleotides and forms a monomeric parallel quadruplex (G4) with a blunt-ended 3'-outer tetrad under the solution conditions employed. Analysis of ITC isotherms reveals multiple binding equilibria with the initial formation of a 1:2 ligand/quadruplex complex.

Public attitudes towards psychiatrists in the metropolitan area of Hanoi, Vietnam.

Objectives: Mental health associated stigmatization remains problematic in low and middle-income countries, thus preventing patients from adequate access to psychiatric care. Public attitudes towards psychiatrists have not been examined in many countries, especially not in Vietnam where merely one psychiatrist per 300.000 population is available.

AureoWiki ̵ The repository of the Staphylococcus aureus research and annotation community.

In light of continuously accumulating data and knowledge on major human pathogens, comprehensive and up-to-date sources of easily accessible information are urgently required. The AureoWiki database (http://aureowiki.med.

Socio-demographic, health-related, and individual correlates of diagnostic self-testing by lay people: Results from a representative survey in Germany.

Introduction: A broad range of self-tests (testing for e.g. HIV, cancer, hepatitis B/C) have become available and can be conducted by lay consumers without the help of a health professional.