[Current surgical treatment concepts for traumatic fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine with osteoporotic bone substance].

Osteoporosis-related vertebral fractures are among the most frequent fracture entities in geriatric patients. They are associated with far-reaching individual and socioeconomic consequences. Adequate diagnostics and treatment are therefore essential.

The utilization of a spare ureter to create a continent catheterizable channel to the bladder in pediatric patients.

Introduction: Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) has significant advantages over indwelling catheters. To facilitate CIC, a continent catheterizable channel (CCC) to the bladder is required in some cases. The Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy (APV) is considered the gold standard for pediatric CCC creation.

Comparisons of integrated slice-specific dynamic shimming EPI and single-shot EPI diffusion-weighted imaging of the liver.

Purpose: To compare the quality of DWI images, signal loss of left hepatic lobe and diagnostic performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values between SS-EPI and iShim-EPI in liver lesions.

Methods: Totally 142 patients were involved, images using SS-EPI and the prototype iShim-EPI were acquired before injection of gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI.Image quality of demarcation of liver capsule, resolution, lesion distortion, artifacts, lesion confidence score, and signal loss in left hepatic lobe was assessed by two radiologists.

Free-Breathing Respiratory Triggered High-Pitch Lung CT: Insights From Phantom and Patient Scans.

Objective: Respiratory motion can affect image quality and thus affect the diagnostic accuracy of CT images by masking or mimicking relevant lung pathologies. CT examinations are often performed during deep inspiration and breath-hold to achieve optimal image quality. However, this can be challenging for certain patient groups, such as children, the elderly, or sedated patients.

Spatially resolved transcriptomics of benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

Background: Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) encompass entities with different cellular differentiation and degrees of malignancy. Spatial heterogeneity complicates diagnosis and grading of PNSTs in some cases. In malignant PNST (MPNST) for example, single cell sequencing data has shown dissimilar differentiation states of tumor cells.

Length-Dependent Conduction of Polyynes: Searching for the Limit of the Tunneling Regime.

Rigid, conjugated molecules are excellent candidates as molecular wires since they can achieve full extension between electrodes while maintaining conjugation. Molecular design can be used to minimize the accessible pi surface and interactions between the bridging wire and the electrode. Polyynes are archetypal molecular wires that feature a rigid molecular framework with a cross-section of a single carbon atom.

Nephronectin Is Required for Vascularization in Zebrafish and Sufficient to Promote Mammalian Vessel-Like Structures in Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering.

Background: Organs and tissues need to be vascularized during development. Similarly, vascularization is required to engineer thick tissues. How vessels are formed during organogenesis is not fully understood, and vascularization of engineered tissues remains a significant challenge.

Loading monocytes with magnetic nanoparticles enables their magnetic control without toxicity.

Background: With the help of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), cells can be magnetically directed so that they can be accumulated at target sites. This principle can be used to make monocytes magnetically steerable in order to improve tumor accumulation, e.g.

The proof is in the pudding: patient engagement in studying cannabidiol in mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Patient engagement (PE) in clinical trials has gained importance yet remains uncommon, particularly in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a critical precursor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cannabidiol (CBD) shows potential in slowing MCI progression due to its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. In CBD research, PE is underutilized too.

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses elucidate the mechanism by which grafting impacts potassium utilization efficiency in tobacco.

Background: Potassium plays a crucial role in determining the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves. Our prior investigations have demonstrated that using potassium-efficient rootstocks through grafting offers a viable solution to the prevalent issue of low potassium levels in Chinese flue-cured tobacco leaves. Nevertheless, the specific molecular mechanisms responsible for the increase in potassium content following grafting in tobacco leaves have yet to be elucidated.

Mechanism of sensor kinase CitA transmembrane signaling.

Membrane bound histidine kinases (HKs) are ubiquitous sensors of extracellular stimuli in bacteria. However, a uniform structural model is still missing for their transmembrane signaling mechanism. Here, we used solid-state NMR in conjunction with crystallography, solution NMR and distance measurements to investigate the transmembrane signaling mechanism of a paradigmatic citrate sensing membrane embedded HK, CitA.

[Personalized profiling in the field of senology].

Background: The concept of personalized medicine is becoming increasingly important. The possibilities of diagnostics include not only genetic and molecular tumor profiles, but also the use of precise and individual imaging techniques.

Objectives: The development and implementation of suitable diagnostic procedures with high sensitivity and specificity, which are at the same time tailored to the individual risk factors and biological characteristics of the patient, remain a challenge.

Emotion regulation-based internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for premenstrual dysphoric disorder: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in Sweden.

Introduction: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a cyclic mood disorder affecting around 2%-5% of women of reproductive age. Pharmacological interventions exist, but many patients with PMDD experience residual symptoms, discontinue medications or refrain from them due to side effects. Thus, non-pharmacological treatments are needed as an alternative or additive treatment strategy.

Does amplitude compression help or hinder attentional neural speech tracking?

Amplitude compression is an indispensable feature of contemporary audio production and especially relevant in modern hearing aids. The cortical fate of amplitude-compressed speech signals is not well-studied, however, and may yield undesired side effects: We hypothesize that compressing the amplitude envelope of continuous speech reduces neural tracking. Yet, leveraging such a 'compression side effect' on unwanted, distracting sounds could potentially support attentive listening if effectively reducing their neural tracking.

Evaluation of colour vision impairment during acute hypobaric hypoxia in aviation medicine: a randomized controlled trial.

The digitization of aircraft cockpits places high demands on the colour vision of pilots. The present study investigates colour vision changes upon acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. The digital Waggoner Computerized Color Vision Test and the Waggoner D-15 were performed by 54 healthy volunteers in a decompression chamber.

Artificial intelligence-based, non-invasive assessment of the central aortic pressure in adults after operative or interventional treatment of aortic coarctation.

Background: Aortic coarctation (CoA) is a congenital anomaly leading to upper-body hypertension and lower-body hypotension. Despite surgical or interventional treatment, arterial hypertension may develop and contribute to morbidity and mortality. Conventional blood pressure (BP) measurement methods lack precision for individual diagnoses and therapeutic decisions.

TIFA renders intestinal epithelial cells responsive to microbial ADP-heptose and drives colonic inflammation in mice.

Intestinal immune homeostasis relies on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), which provide an efficient barrier, and warrant a state of tolerance between the microbiome and the mucosal immune system. Thus, proper epithelial microbial sensing and handling of microbes is key to preventing excessive immunity, such as seen in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To date, the molecular underpinnings of these processes remain incompletely understood.

Image quality assessment and white matter hyperintensity quantification in two accelerated high-resolution 3D FLAIR techniques: Wave-CAIPI and deep learning-based SPACE.

Aim: To compare the image quality obtained using two accelerated high-resolution 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) techniques for the brain-deep learning-reconstruction SPACE (DL-SPACE) and Wave-CAIPI FLAIR.

Materials And Methods: A total of 123 participants who underwent DL-SPACE and Wave-CAIPI FLAIR brain imaging were retrospectively reviewed. In a qualitative analysis, two radiologists rated the quality of each image, including the overall image quality, artifacts, sharpness, fine-structure conspicuity, and lesion conspicuity based on Likert scales.

Alternating electrical fields to stimulate osteogenic cells and biomimetic calcium phosphate-coated titanium substrates-A combinatorial approach to bone regeneration.

Biophysical stimuli such as alternating electrical fields can mimic endogenous electrical potentials and currents in natural bone. This can help to improve the healing and reconstruction of bone tissue. However, little is known about the combined influence of biomaterials and alternating electric fields on bone cells.

Perioperative Chemotherapy or Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer.

Background: The best multimodal approach for resectable locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma is unclear. An important question is whether perioperative chemotherapy is preferable to preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: In this phase 3, multicenter, randomized trial, we assigned in a 1:1 ratio patients with resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma to receive perioperative chemotherapy with FLOT (fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel) plus surgery or preoperative chemoradiotherapy (radiotherapy at a dose of 41.

The deubiquitinase USP5 prevents accumulation of protein aggregates in cardiomyocytes.

Protein homeostasis is crucial for maintaining cardiomyocyte (CM) function. Disruption of proteostasis results in accumulation of protein aggregates causing cardiac pathologies such as hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and heart failure. Here, we identify ubiquitin-specific peptidase 5 (USP5) as a critical determinant of protein quality control (PQC) in CM.

Perinatal dysfunction of innate immunity in cystic fibrosis.

In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), repeated cycles of infection and inflammation eventually lead to fatal lung damage. Although diminished mucus clearance can be restored by highly effective CFTR modulator therapy, inflammation and infection often persist. To elucidate the role of the innate immune system in CF etiology, we investigated a CF pig model and compared these results with those for preschool children with CF.

Depressive Symptoms and Amyloid Pathology.

Importance: Depressive symptoms are associated with cognitive decline in older individuals. Uncertainty about underlying mechanisms hampers diagnostic and therapeutic efforts. This large-scale study aimed to elucidate the association between depressive symptoms and amyloid pathology.

Stepwise reduction of an asymmetric π-expanded pyracylene towards the crystalline radical trianion.

The chemical reduction of a pyracylene-hexa--hexabenzocoronene-(HBC)-fused nanographene TPP was investigated with K and Rb metals to reveal its multi-electron acceptor abilities. The reaction of TPP with the above alkali metals, monitored by UV-vis-NIR and H NMR spectroscopy, evidenced the stepwise reduction process. The use of different solvents and secondary ligands enabled isolation of single crystals of three different reduced states of TPP with 1, 2, and 3 electrons added to its π-system.