Investigating eHealth Lifestyle Interventions for Vulnerable Pregnant Women: Scoping Review of Facilitators and Barriers.

Background: The maintenance of a healthy lifestyle significantly influences pregnancy outcomes. Certain pregnant women are more at risk of engaging in unhealthy behaviors due to factors such as having a low socioeconomic position and low social capital. eHealth interventions tailored to pregnant women affected by these vulnerability factors can provide support and motivation for healthier choices.

Exploring shape changes in healthy bone growth through 3D spatiotemporal statistical shape models: A scoping review.

Objective: Analyzing population trends of bone shape variation can provide valuable insights into growth processes. This review aims to overview state-of-the-art spatiotemporal statistical shape modeling techniques, emphasizing their application to 3D skeletal structures during healthy growth.

Methods: We searched PubMed and Scopus for articles on statistical shape modeling using a pediatric spatiotemporal dataset of 3D healthy bone models.

Three-Year Outcomes With a Supra-Annular, Self-Expanding Bioprosthesis and a Pericardial Wrap-The FORWARD PRO Study.

Background: The self-expanding, supra-annular Evolut valve is an established platform for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Evolut PRO introduced an outer sealing wrap to mitigate paravalvular leakage. We evaluated the 3-year clinical outcomes and valve performance of the Evolut PRO in standard clinical practice for severe aortic stenosis (AS) patients at intermediate or higher risk for surgery.

Body Weight Gain Associated With Alectinib in Patients With ALK+ Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Pooled Analysis of Individual Patient Data From Four Prospective Clinical Trials.

Purpose: Weight gain is a known adverse event (AE) of alectinib. This study evaluates the progression of actual weight gain over time and explores its association with baseline characteristics.

Methods: A pooled analysis of individual patient data from four clinical trials (ALEX, J-ALEX, ALUR, and ML29453) was conducted.

Perspectives on why DanGer Shock is the first positive trial on mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic shock.

Cardiogenic shock related to acute myocardial infarction (AMI-CS) remains a severe condition associated with a high risk of mortality despite increased availability of primary percutaneous coronary intervention and improvements in pharmacologic and device-based therapy. The results of the DanGer Shock trial stand out compared with the outcomes of the previous trials and mark the first mechanical circulatory support (MCS) strategy to show a benefit in patients with AMI-CS, a population that has always been challenging to study. Notably, negative findings from previous trials may mask positive treatment effects in specific subgroups and patient category.

The association between childhood maltreatment and pain sensitivity in a high-risk adolescent population.

The risk of developing chronic pain is twice as high among people with a history of childhood maltreatment compared to those without these experiences. It is unclear, however, whether childhood maltreatment might lead to lower or higher perception of pain. In this paper, we investigate the association between childhood maltreatment and pain sensitivity.

Molecular and genetic insights into human ovarian aging from single-nuclei multi-omics analyses.

The ovary is the first organ to age in the human body, affecting both fertility and overall health. However, the biological mechanisms underlying human ovarian aging remain poorly understood. Here we present a comprehensive single-nuclei multi-omics atlas of four young (ages 23-29 years) and four reproductively aged (ages 49-54 years) human ovaries.

Identification of red flags for IgG4-related disease: an international European Reference Network for Rare Connective Tissue Diseases framework.

IgG4-related disease is a rare fibroinflammatory condition. Prompt recognition is fundamental to initiate treatment and to prevent organ damage. Diagnostic and classification criteria are primarily intended for use by clinicians with established expertise in IgG4-related disease.

Inhaled GM-CSF administered during ongoing pneumovirus infection alters myeloid and CD8 T cell immunity without affecting disease outcome.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pleiotropic cytokine, able to promote both myelopoiesis and activation of immune cells. Particularly in the lung, GM-CSF plays an important homeostatic role in the development and maintenance of alveolar macrophages, and is therefore considered to play a role in respiratory virus infections such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2, although the benefits of GM-CSF treatment in clinical studies remain inconclusive. To address this, we tested inhaled GM-CSF treatment in the Pneumonia Virus of Mice (PVM) mouse model.

The biological basis for current treatment strategies for granulomatous disease in common variable immunodeficiency.

Purpose Of Review: The pathogenesis of granulomatous disease in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is still largely unknown, which hampers effective treatment. This review describes the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of granuloma formation in CVID and the biological basis of the current treatment options.

Recent Findings: Histological analysis shows that T and B cells are abundantly present in the granulomas that are less well organized and are frequently associated with lymphoid hyperplasia.

A reappraisal of IL-9 in inflammation and cancer.

While much is known about the functional effects of type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in homeostasis and disease, we still poorly understand the functions of IL-9. Chronic inflammation seen in allergic diseases, autoimmunity and cancer is however frequently accompanied by overproduction of this elusive type 2 cytokine. Initially identified as a T cell and mast cell growth factor, and later as the hallmark cytokine defining T9 cells, we now know that IL-9 is produced by multiple innate and adaptive immune cells.

Augmented Reality Implementation in Minimally Invasive Surgery for Future Application in Pulmonary Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Objective: This systematic review investigates of Augmented Reality (AR) systems used in minimally invasive surgery of deformable organs, focusing on initial registration, dynamic tracking, and visualization. The objective is to acquire a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge, applications, and challenges associated with current AR-techniques, aiming to leverage these insights for developing a dedicated AR pulmonary Video or Robotic Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS/RATS) workflow.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted within Embase, Medline (Ovid) and Web of Science on April 16, 2024, following the Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

Amplification of Protein Expression by Self-Amplifying mRNA Delivered in Lipid Nanoparticles Containing a β-Aminoester Ionizable Lipid Correlates with Reduced Innate Immune Activation.

Self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) is witnessing increased interest as a platform technology for protein replacement therapy, gene editing, immunotherapy, and vaccination. saRNA can replicate itself inside cells, leading to a higher and more sustained production of the desired protein at a lower dose. Controlling innate immune activation, however, is crucial to suppress unwanted inflammation upon delivery and self-replication of RNA .

Risk of Progression of High-grade Primary T1 Non-muscle-invasive Bladder cancer in a Contemporary Cohort.

Patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) receive bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillations to reduce the risk of progression. For patients with very high-risk NMIBC, immediate radical cystectomy may be considered, as patients who experience disease progression despite BCG treatment have a worse prognosis. However, guideline-recommended stratification for the risk of progression is based on data from patients who were not exposed to BCG.

Technique for surgical replacement of the ascending aorta with concomitant aortic valve and hemiarch replacement: a procedural guide.

In this video tutorial case report, we show how to perform an open surgical correction of an ascending aortic aneurysm in a 74-year-old patient requiring concomitant aortic valve and hemiarch replacements, presenting with symptomatic stenosis of the aortic valve and moderate dilatation of the ascending aorta.

Influences on androgen deprivation therapy prescribing before surgery in high-risk prostate cancer.

Objectives: To understand how best to further reduce the inappropriate use of pre-surgical androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), we investigated the determinants (influences) of ADT prescribing in urologists in two European countries using an established behavioural science approach. Additionally, we sought to understand how resource limitations caused by COVID-19 influenced this practice. Identification of key determinants, of undistributed and disrupted practice, will aid development of future strategies to reduce inappropriate ADT prescribing in current and future resource-limited settings.

Selective processing of clinical information related to correct and incorrect diagnoses: An eye-tracking experiment.

Introduction: Diagnostic errors are often attributed to erroneous selection and interpretation of patients' clinical information, due to either cognitive biases or knowledge deficits. However, whether the selection or processing of clinical information differs between correct and incorrect diagnoses in written clinical cases remains unclear. We hypothesised that residents would spend more time processing clinical information that was relevant to their final diagnosis, regardless of whether their diagnosis was correct.

Improved health by combining dietary restriction and promoting muscle growth in DNA repair-deficient progeroid mice.

Background: Ageing is a complex multifactorial process, impacting all organs and tissues, with DNA damage accumulation serving as a common underlying cause. To decelerate ageing, various strategies have been applied to model organisms and evaluated for health and lifespan benefits. Dietary restriction (DR, also known as caloric restriction) is a well-established long-term intervention recognized for its universal anti-ageing effects.