Participation 1.5 years after mild traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents.

This longitudinal prospective cohort study examined participation between 6 months and 1.5 years after pediatric mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) in 68 children aged 6-18 years. Levels of participation in different settings remain mostly stable between 6 months and 1.

Activities and Participation in the First 6 Months After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents.

Objective: To investigate the natural course of activities and participation of children up to 6 months after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Methods: A prospective longitudinal cohort study with complete data sets of 231 children diagnosed with mTBI and their caregivers.

Main Measures: Activities and participation assessed with the Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation (CASP) and the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) measured at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months post-mTBI.

Effectiveness of the Brains Ahead! Intervention: 6 Months Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial in School-Aged Children With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of Brains Ahead!, a psychoeducational intervention aimed to prevent long-term problems with activities and participation in children after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Participants: In total, 124 children, aged 6 to 18 years, diagnosed with mTBI and their caregivers.

Method: After randomization, participants in the intervention group received a face-to-face psychoeducational session with written take-home information and follow-up telephone call(s).

Process evaluation of 'Brains Ahead!': an intervention for children and adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury within a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To investigate whether the 'Brains Ahead! Intervention for children and adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury' was implemented as intended. In addition, involvement in and satisfaction with the intervention among patients, caregivers and professionals delivering the intervention were studied.

Design: Mixed methods, prospective study.

Predictors of activities and participation six months after mild traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents.

Objective: This study aimed to identify predictors of long-term consequences for activities and participation in children and adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Methods: A multicentre prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted. The primary outcome measure was activities and participation measured with the Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation - CASP and completed by children (N = 156) and caregivers (N = 231) six months post-mTBI.

A clinical diagnostic algorithm for early onset cerebellar ataxia.

Early onset cerebellar Ataxia (EOAc) comprises a large group of rare heterogeneous disorders. Determination of the underlying etiology can be difficult given the broad differential diagnosis and the complexity of the genotype-phenotype relationships. This may change the diagnostic work-up into a time-consuming, costly and not always rewarding task.

Post-operative cerebellar mutism syndrome: rehabilitation issues.

Introduction: Tumors of the cerebellum are the most common brain tumors in children. Modern treatment and aggressive surgery have improved the overall survival. Consequently, growing numbers of survivors are at high risk for developing adverse and long-term neurological deficits including deficits of cognition, behavior, speech, and language.

Correction to: Relevance of neuroimaging for neurocognitive and behavioral outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury.

JC Goslings is the correct name of the sixth author of this article.

The Brains Ahead! intervention for children and adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury and their caregivers: rationale and description of the treatment protocol.

Purpose:: Approximately 20% of the children and adolescents after mild traumatic brain injury will not fully recover. They suffer long-term postconcussive symptoms and may experience limitations in activities and participation. Research suggests that early psychoeducational interventions may prevent long-term postconcussive symptoms.

Evaluation of management and guideline adherence in children with mild traumatic brain injury.

Aim: To evaluate the management and guideline adherence in children with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) in emergency departments (ED) in the Netherlands.

Methods: A multicentre cohort study was conducted, including children younger than 18 years with MTBI who presented within 24 hours after trauma in the ED of hospitals in the southwest region of the Netherlands, in 2014. Primary outcome measures for management were percentages of performed computed tomography (CT) scans and hospital admissions.

Intracranial 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging reveals altered haemodynamics in sickle cell disease.

Stroke risk in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) is currently assessed with routine transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) measurements of blood velocity in the Circle of Willis (CoW). However, there is currently no biomarker with proven prognostic value in adult patients. Four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may improve risk profiling based on intracranial haemodynamics.

Risk factors for development of postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome in children after medulloblastoma surgery.

OBJECTIVE Postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome (pCMS) occurs in 7%-50% of children after cerebellar tumor surgery. Typical features include a latent onset of 1-2 days after surgery, transient mutism, emotional lability, and a wide variety of motor and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Sequelae of this syndrome usually persist long term.

The structural connectome of children with traumatic brain injury.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of mild to severe pediatric TBI on the structural connectome. Children aged 8-14 years with trauma control (TC) injury (n = 27) were compared to children with mild TBI and risk factors for complicated TBI (mild , n = 20) or moderate/severe TBI (n = 16) at 2.8 years post-injury.

Cerebellar mutism syndrome: cause and rehabilitation.

Purpose Of Review: Mutism of cerebellar origin may occur in the context of various causes but is most frequent in children after resection of a large midline cerebellar tumour. In this review, the endeavour to reach a consensus on name and definition of postoperative mutism of cerebellar origin and associated symptoms is highlighted. In addition, progress in understanding of cause and risk factors for the syndrome is discussed as well as the rehabilitation issues.

Relevance of neuroimaging for neurocognitive and behavioral outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury.

This study aims to (1) investigate the neuropathology of mild to severe pediatric TBI and (2) elucidate the predictive value of conventional and innovative neuroimaging for functional outcome. Children aged 8-14 years with trauma control (TC) injury (n = 27) were compared to children with mild TBI and risk factors for complicated TBI (mild, n = 20) or moderate/severe TBI (n = 17) at 2.8 years post-injury.

Activities and participation of children and adolescents after mild traumatic brain injury and the effectiveness of an early intervention (Brains Ahead!): study protocol for a cohort study with a nested randomised controlled trial.

Background: Approximately 20 % of children and adolescents who have sustained mild traumatic brain injuries may experience long-term consequences, including cognitive problems, post-traumatic stress symptoms and reduced load-bearing capacity. The underestimation and belated recognition of these long-term consequences may lead to chronic and disruptive problems, such as participation problems in school and in social relationships. The aim of this study is to examine the level of activities and participation of children and adolescents up to 6 months after a mild traumatic brain injury and to identify possible outcome predictors.

Glucocorticoid-Induced Proliferation in Untreated Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemic Blasts.

We evaluated the in vitro glucocorticoid (GC) responsiveness of 117 pediatric acute myeloid leukemia cells by considering GC resistance, GC-induced proliferation, and GC-induced differentiation. None of the samples was highly GC sensitive, and only 15% were intermediately sensitive. GC-induced differentiation was not observed, while GC-induced proliferation was observed in 27% of the samples.

Concomitant lamotrigine use is associated with decreased efficacy of the ketogenic diet in childhood refractory epilepsy.

Purpose: Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) and the ketogenic diet (KD) are often used concomitantly in children with refractory epilepsy. It has been hypothesised that certain AEDs may interfere with KD. The purpose of this study was to elucidate relationships between efficacy of KD and use of specific AEDs.

Altered PLP1 splicing causes hypomyelination of early myelinating structures.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic etiology of the X-linked disorder "Hypomyelination of Early Myelinating Structures" (HEMS).

Methods: We included 16 patients from 10 families diagnosed with HEMS by brain MRI criteria. Exome sequencing was used to search for causal mutations.

Effectiveness of a hybrid corticosteroid treatment regimen on refractory childhood seizures and a review of other corticosteroid treatments.

Background: Many different corticosteroid treatment schedules have been used in order to treat refractory epileptic seizures with encouraging effects on seizure reduction in many epileptic syndromes.

Objective: The objective is to report our experience with a hybrid treatment regimen for refractory seizures in children with epilepsies other than West and Landau-Kleffner syndrome. We hypothesized that a pulse of corticosteroids effectively reduces seizures while low-dosage maintenance treatment reduces side effects.

Clinical spectrum of 4H leukodystrophy caused by POLR3A and POLR3B mutations.

Objective: To study the clinical and radiologic spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlation of 4H (hypomyelination, hypodontia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) leukodystrophy caused by mutations in POLR3A or POLR3B.

Methods: We performed a multinational cross-sectional observational study of the clinical, radiologic, and molecular characteristics of 105 mutation-proven cases.

Results: The majority of patients presented before 6 years with gross motor delay or regression.

The incidence of traumatic brain injury in young people in the catchment area of the University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is in the developed countries the most common cause of death and disability in childhood.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to estimate the incidence of TBI for children and young people in an urbanised region of the Netherlands and to describe relevant characteristics of this group.

Methods: Patients, aged 1 month - 24 years who presented with traumatic brain injury at the Erasmus University Hospital (including the Sophia Children's Hospital) in 2007 and 2008 were included in a retrospective study.

The click-evoked oto-acoustic emission, c-EOAE, in preterm-born infants in the post conceptional age range between 30 and 68 weeks.

Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (cEOAEs) were repeatedly recorded in an operational sample of 144 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. A subgroup of 22 was composed of all those babies in which at least 4 recordings were successfully done. The mean birth weight of this group was 1040 g, and the mean duration of assisted ventilation was 17 days.