The costs of disease related malnutrition in hospitalized children.

Introduction: Disease related malnutrition (DRM) is a serious medical condition which is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality, augmenting resource use and associated costs. DRM can be detected by actively and fully assessing the nutritional status. Studies in adult malnourished patients have shown that the additional health care costs are about € 2 billion (€ 2000 million) per year.

Transmission routes of respiratory viruses among humans.

Respiratory tract infections can be caused by a wide variety of viruses. Airborne transmission via droplets and aerosols enables some of these viruses to spread efficiently among humans, causing outbreaks that are difficult to control. Many outbreaks have been investigated retrospectively to study the possible routes of inter-human virus transmission.

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: 10-Year Evaluation of Survival, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, and Foetoscopic Endotracheal Occlusion in Four High-Volume Centres.

Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe congenital anomaly with significant mortality.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine if there were trends in survival over the last decade and to compare patient populations, treatment options, and survival rates between 4 high-volume centres, and hence determine which factors were associated with survival.

Methods: In 4 high-volume CDH centres from the CDH EURO Consortium, data from all CDH patients born between 2004 and 2013 were analysed.

Predictive value of depression and anxiety for long-term mortality: differences in outcome between acute coronary syndrome and stable angina pectoris.

Background: Since the early 2000s the treatment of choice for an acute myocardial infarction has moved from thrombolytic therapy to primary PCI (pPCI). As a result, the majority of patients undergoing PCI shifted from stable angina pectoris (SA) to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Additionally the previously observed association between depression and anxiety and long-term outcome in patients who underwent a PCI may have been changed.

Exposure to elemental composition of outdoor PM at birth and cognitive and psychomotor function in childhood in four European birth cohorts.

Background: Little is known about developmental neurotoxicity of particulate matter composition. We aimed to investigate associations between exposure to elemental composition of outdoor PM at birth and cognitive and psychomotor functions in childhood.

Methods: We analyzed data from 4 European population-based birth cohorts in the Netherlands, Germany, Italy and Spain, with recruitment in 2000-2006.

Less Anti-infliximab Antibody Formation in Paediatric Crohn Patients on Concomitant Immunomodulators.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of immunomodulators on formation of antibodies to infliximab (ATI) in paediatric patients with Crohn disease (CD) and the association of ATI and loss of response.

Methods: Retrospective multicentre observational study (January 2009-December 2014) among Dutch children with CD treated with infliximab (IFX). ATI formation was analysed with Chi-square test and time-to-ATI formation with Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test.

Feelings of being disabled as a prognostic factor for mortality in men and women post-PCI up to 12years.

Background: It remains unclear whether feelings of being disabled are a relevant psychological factor that determines long term outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Therefore, we evaluated 'feelings of being disabled' as an independent risk factor for mortality 12years post-PCI.

Methods: The study population comprised a consecutive series of CAD patients (n=845) treated with PCI as part of the Taxus-Stent Evaluated At Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital (T-SEARCH) registry.

Ventilation modalities in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia are among the more complex patients to support with mechanical ventilation. They have particular features that add to the difficulties already present in the neonatal patient. A ventilation strategy tailored to the patient's underlying physiology rather than mode of ventilation is a crucial issue for clinicians treating these delicate patients.

Motor problems in children with neurofibromatosis type 1.

Background: Children with the neurogenetic disorder neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) often have problems with learning and behaviour. In both parent reports and neuropsychological assessment, motor problems are reported in approximately one third to one half of the children with NF1. Studies using broad motor performance test batteries with relatively large groups of children with NF1 are limited.

Cortical Structures Associated With Sports Participation in Children: A Population-Based Study.

We studied cortical morphology in relation to sports participation and type of sport using a large sample of healthy children (n = 911). Sports participation data was collected through a parent-reported questionnaire. Magnetic resonance scans were acquired, and different morphological brain features were quantified.

Altered functional resting-state hypothalamic connectivity and abnormal pituitary morphology in children with Prader-Willi syndrome.

Background: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by endocrine problems and hyperphagia, indicating hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. However, few studies have explored the underlying neurobiology of the hypothalamus and its functional connectivity with other brain regions. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the anatomical differences of the hypothalamus, mammillary bodies, and pituitary gland as well as resting state functional connectivity of the hypothalamus in children with PWS.

Infant muscle tone and childhood autistic traits: A longitudinal study in the general population.

In a longitudinal population-based study of 2,905 children, we investigated if infants' neuromotor development was associated with autistic traits in childhood. Overall motor development and muscle tone were examined by trained research assistants with an adapted version of Touwen's Neurodevelopmental Examination between ages 2 and 5 months. Tone was assessed in several positions and items were scored as normal, low, or high tone.

The association between subjective health status and 14-year mortality in post-PCI patients.

Background: Poor subjective health status significantly predicted short-term mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the relation between subjective health status and long-term mortality remains limited in patients treated with PCI. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between subjective health status and 14-year mortality in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

A realist review: what do nurse-led self-management interventions achieve for outpatients with a chronic condition?

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine how nurse-led interventions that support self-management of outpatients with chronic conditions work and in what contexts they work successfully.

Background: Self-management could be directed at goals such as quality of life, adherence or patients' empowerment. Self-management support is an increasingly important task of nurses.

Hemorrhage is the most common cause of neonatal mortality in patients with sacrococcygeal teratoma.

Background: A small percentage of neonates with sacrococcygeal teratoma die shortly after birth from hemorrhagic complications. The incidence of and risk factors associated with hemorrhagic mortality are unknown. In this multicenter study we determined the incidence of early death in neonates born with SCT and evaluated potential risk factors for hemorrhagic mortality.

Virological and Social Outcomes of HIV-Infected Adolescents and Young Adults in The Netherlands Before and After Transition to Adult Care.

Background: As a result of effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and advanced supportive healthcare, a growing number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children survive into adulthood. The period of transition to adult care is often associated with impaired adherence to treatment and discontinuity of care. We aimed to evaluate virological and social outcomes of HIV-infected adolescents and young adults (AYAs) before and after transition, and explore which factors are associated with virological failure.

Copy number variations in 375 patients with oesophageal atresia and/or tracheoesophageal fistula.

Oesophageal atresia (OA) with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF) are rare anatomical congenital malformations whose cause is unknown in over 90% of patients. A genetic background is suggested, and among the reported genetic defects are copy number variations (CNVs). We hypothesized that CNVs contribute to OA/TOF development.

Stop or go? Preventive cognitive therapy with guided tapering of antidepressants during pregnancy: study protocol of a pragmatic multicentre non-inferiority randomized controlled trial.

Background: Approximately 6.2 % of women in the USA and 3.7 % of women in the UK, use Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) during their pregnancies because of depression and/or anxiety.

More than fetal urine: enteral uptake of amniotic fluid as a major predictor for fetal growth during late gestation.

Unlabelled: The purpose of our study was to investigate the importance of amniotic fluid (AF) for fetal growth during late gestation using esophageal atresia (EA) patients as a model. In this retrospective cohort study, we compared the z-scores adapted for birth weights (BW z-scores) for each of 517 European newborns with congenital pre-gastric intestinal atresia, i.e.

Growing Up After Critical Illness: Verbal, Visual-Spatial, and Working Memory Problems in Neonatal Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survivors.

Objectives: To assess neuropsychologic outcome in 17- and 18-year-old neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors.

Design: A prospective longitudinal follow-up study.

Setting: Follow-up program at the Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Achieving self-management of prophylactic treatment in adolescents: The case of haemophilia.

Objective: Adolescents with a chronic disorder, such as haemophilia, need to attain responsibility for their disease. The aim was to gain insight into how adolescents achieve self-management of prophylactic treatment.

Methods: In three Dutch Haemophilia Treatment Centres, adolescents (10-25 years) received structured questions on treatment responsibility and self-management (pre-specified definitions) during routine nursing consultation.

Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Once Daily Double Dose Tobramycin Inhalation in Cystic Fibrosis Using Controlled and Conventional Nebulization.

Background: Better treatment outcomes in cystic fibrosis (CF) may be expected by changing standard twice daily (BID) tobramycin inhalation with the conventional nebulizer to once daily (OD) inhalation at double the standard BID dose with a controlled-inhalation nebulizer. We aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of inhaled double-dose tobramycin with the controlled-inhalation AKITA(®) and conventional PARI-LC(®) Plus nebulizer in patients with CF.

Methods: Randomized, open label, crossover study.