Restrictive vs Liberal Transfusion Strategy in Patients With Acute Brain Injury: The TRAIN Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Blood transfusions are commonly administered to patients with acute brain injury. The optimal hemoglobin transfusion threshold is uncertain in this patient population.

Objective: To assess the impact on neurological outcome of 2 different hemoglobin thresholds to guide red blood cell transfusions in patients with acute brain injury.

Deep learning predicted perceived age is a reliable approach for analysis of facial ageing: A proof of principle study.

Background: Perceived age (PA) has been associated with mortality, genetic variants linked to ageing and several age-related morbidities. However, estimating PA in large datasets is laborious and costly to generate, limiting its practical applicability.

Objectives: To determine if estimating PA using deep learning-based algorithms results in the same associations with morbidities and genetic variants as human-estimated perceived age.

Identifying postpartum depression: Using key risk factors for early detection.

Background: Personal and family history of psychiatric disorders are key risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD), yet their combined contribution has been understudied.

Objective: To examine personal and family psychiatric history, alone and combined, and their effect on absolute risk and relative risk (RR) of mild/moderate or severe PPD.

Methods: In this cohort study, we used data from 142 064 childbirths with PPD screenings from 2015 to 2021 merged with population registers.

Limited generalizability of multivariate brain-based dimensions of child psychiatric symptoms.

Multivariate machine learning techniques are a promising set of tools for identifying complex brain-behavior associations. However, failure to replicate results from these methods across samples has hampered their clinical relevance. Here we aimed to delineate dimensions of brain functional connectivity that are associated with child psychiatric symptoms in two large and independent cohorts: the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study and the Generation R Study (total n = 6935).

The association between cam morphology and hip pain in males and females within 10 years: A national prospective cohort study (CHECK).

Objectives: To determine the association between baseline cam morphology and self-reported hip pain assessed at annual visits over a 10-year follow-up period stratified by biological sex. The secondary aim was to study the association between the magnitude of cam morphology and the severity of pain in symptomatic hips.

Methods: The nationwide prospective Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee (CHECK) study includes 1,002 participants aged 45-65 years.

Monitoring postures and motions of hospitalized patients using sensor technology: a scoping review.

Background: Sensor technology could provide solutions to monitor postures and motions and to help hospital patients reach their rehabilitation goals with minimal supervision. Synthesized information on device applications and methodology is lacking.

Objectives: The purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of device applications and methodological approaches to monitor postures and motions in hospitalized patients using sensor technology.

Considerations on expanding criminal offender DNA databases with Y-STR profiles.

Although national criminal offender DNA databases (NCODDs) including autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) have been a successful tool to identify criminals for decades in many countries, yet there are many criminal cases they cannot solve. In cases with mixed male-female samples, particularly sexual assault, expanding NCODDs with Y-chromosomal STR (Y-STR) profiles allows database matching in the absence of autosomal STR profiles. Although Y-STR matches are not individual-specific, this can be largely overcome with rapidly mutating Y-STRs (RM Y-STR) allowing separation of paternally related men.

Dietary patterns, inflammatory biomarkers and cognition in older adults: An analysis of three population-based cohorts.

Background: Targeting effective strategies to prevent cognitive decline is key in the aging population. Some diets have been linked to a slower cognitive decline, potentially through reducing inflammation. We aimed at determining the effect of inflammatory dietary patterns (IDPs) on cognitive function in three population-based cohorts.

Impairments in knowledge of social norms in presymptomatic, prodromal, and symptomatic frontotemporal dementia.

Introduction: We aimed to assess the knowledge of social norms in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) with the Dutch version of the Social Norms Questionnaire (SNQ-NL).

Methods: The SNQ-NL was administered in 34 patients with bvFTD, 20 prodromal mutation carriers, 76 presymptomatic mutation carriers, and 56 controls. Group differences and correlations with other neuropsychological tests and gray matter volume were examined.

Widening the Gates: Redefining Excellence in Selection for Health Professions Education for a Diverse Future Workforce.

To ensure diversity in the healthcare workforce selection committees must select a cohort of students who collectively possess the wide variety of qualities necessary to serve societal needs. In practice, selection procedures primarily focus on predicting academic outcomes, which are currently based on a limited set of qualities, restricting the definition of excellence in healthcare. The authors propose a shift in the design of selection procedures by including additional considerations - student diversity and applicant perception - to select talented students who can fulfil societal needs.