EMMY trial: What we know and what we need to know.

SGLT-2 inhibitors are a class of antidiabetic drugs with additional cardiovascular benefits. Though initially developed for glycemic control, subsequent studies in the heart failure (HF) population also demonstrated positive outcomes. Currently, they are approved for use in HF with both reduced and preserved ejection fraction.

Genetic landscape of thrombophilia in recurrent miscarriages.

The etiology of recurrent miscarriage (RM) is extremely heterogeneous, encompassing genetic, immunological, anatomical, endocrine, thrombophilic, infectious, and uterine abnormalities. Thrombophilia is a major contributor to pregnancy complications, potentially harming the fetus and jeopardizing the continuation of pregnancy. Therefore, successful pregnancy outcomes depend on maintaining a delicate balance between coagulation and fibrinolytic factors, crucial for ensuring the adjustment of the basal plate to facilitate adequate placental perfusion.

Prevalence of pre-perimetric primary open angle glaucoma in hypertensives of North India.

Background: Systemic hypertension is alleged to increase the risk of glaucoma. As clinically Primary Open angle Glaucoma (POAG) is diagnosed only after approximately 40% of ganglion cell loss has occurred, therefore this study was commenced with an aim to determine the prevalence of pre-perimetric glaucomatous damage and its association with systemic hypertension using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Materials And Methods: A total of 680 study participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.

An Intention-to-Treat-Analysis of the Efficacy of Immunotherapy Using Mycobacterium W Vaccine and Purified Protein Derivative of Tuberculin for Warts With Assessment of Improvement in Quality of Life.

Introduction: Lately, immunotherapy has evolved as a safe and reliable management option for treatment of warts. Various immunogens among others in use include vaccines and antigens like purified Protein Derivative of Tuberculin (PPD) and mycobacterium w (Mw) or mycobacterium indicum prani vaccines.

Objectives: The study was aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety profile of intralesional Mw vaccine against intralesional PPD for the management of multiple warts with assessment of the improvement in quality of life (QoL) using the Dermatology Life Quality Index questionnaire.

Perceptions of faculty toward "social obligation" at an Indian medical school.

Background: The World Health Organization has defined social accountability of medical schools as "…obligation to direct their education, research, and service activities toward addressing the priority health concerns of the community." The current study looked at the extent to which the concept was understood in an Indian medical school, exploring how faculty perceived and were involved in directing a response to the social obligation of their medical school.

Methods: Seventeen semi-structured audio-recorded interviews were conducted by purposive sampling of faculty from different disciplines.

Differential expression of circulating microRNAs in serum: Potential biomarkers to track Japanese encephalitis virus infection.

Japanese encephalitis is one of the serious vector-borne viral encephalitis diseases found worldwide and poses a major threat to public health. Most Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infections are subclinical; only 1: 250 to 1:1000 infected persons develop clinical presentations. Delay in proper diagnosis of JE affects the timeliness of treatment initiation and increases the mortality rate in patients.

Association of KDR rs1870377 genotype with clopidogrel resistance in patients with post percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background: Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet therapy that is widely used in pre and post percutaneous (PCI) coronary intervention procedures to prevent platelet aggregation and stent restenosis. However, there is a wide inter-individual variation in clopidogrel response and some patients showed resistance against the activity of Clopidogrel. Kinase insert domain receptor ( gene is responsible for the transcription of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) that plays a major role in the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and platelet aggregation.

Treatment of deep-seated palatal vascular malformations by bleomycin sclerotherapy.

Background: Vascular malformations of the head and neck are common. The management of these lesions is complex and challenging due to the high complication rate and recurrence following treatment. Palatal vascular malformations (PVMs) are infrequent and present as slow growing lesions in the palate with recurrent bleeding and pain.

A Rare Case Report of Spontaneous Disassembly of Bipolar Hip Prosthesis in Elderly Patient.

Introduction: Hip fracture is an established health problem, especially in the elderly population and, its incidence is dramatically rising in the globe. The standard protocol of management in the elderly population for end-stage hip diseases and unstable femur fracture is bipolar hemiarthroplasty. Common complications of hip replacement include infection, fracture, dislocation, venous thrombosis, nerve palsy, chronic pain, and implant failure.

Updates on "Cancer Genomics and Epigenomics".

The field of "Cancer Genomics and Epigenomes" has been widely investigated for their involvement in cancer to understand the basic processes of different malignancies. The aggregation of genetic and epigenetic alterations also displays a wide range of heterogeneity making it quite necessary to develop personalized treatment strategies. The complex interplay between DNA methylation and chromatin dynamics in malignant cells is one of the major epigenetic mechanisms that lead to gene activation and repression.

The protective effect of Sophora japonica on prostatic hypertrophy and inflammation in rat.

The atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) is invariably an incidental histological change, with no clinical findings specific for its diagnosis, and the mean patient age at diagnosis is 64-70 years. The incidence of AAH varies between 1.5 and 19.

Cadmium in Human Diseases: It's More than Just a Mere Metal.

Cadmium (Cd), poisoning has been reported from all around the World, causing many deaths annually. Cd is a toxic heavy metal, and is widely present in environment. It has been reported that chronic Cd exposure is associated with kidney disease, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its association with adverse outcomes during induction phase of treatment.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy. Vitamin D inadequacy is now an internationally recognized health problem. Some relation has been observed between Vitamin D insufficiency and poor outcome in ALL though evidence is limited.

The association of the common fat mass and obesity associated gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes in obese Iraqi population.

Background & Objectives: This study investigates the association of two potential Fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) gene polymorphisms (rs9939609 and rs918031) as potential predictors of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in obese Iraqi population and their metabolic effects on hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity.

Materials & Methods: The study included 400 participants with obesity & T2D, with a matching 400 obese non-diabetic cohort. Venous blood samples were collected for DNA extraction.

Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from chronic perianal fistula mimicking horseshoe abscess.

Perianal fistulae are commonly seen clinical entity. Development of malignancy within a perianal fistula is rare. Even rarer is the development of mucinous adenocarcinoma in a chronic fistula-in-ano.

Correlation of Hormone Receptor and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2/neu Expression in Breast Cancer with Various Clinicopathologic Factors.

Background: A significant development in the breast carcinoma management is the correlation between the presence of hormone receptors in the tumor and response to hormonal therapy and chemotherapy. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2/neu (Her-2/neu) overexpression also serves as a very useful parameter to predict response to herceptin.

Aim Of Study: The study was conducted to correlate immunohistochemical expression of markers such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Her-2/neu with various clinicopathologic parameters.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: Principles of management.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)/rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) is human-made problem and emerging due to poor management of TB and is a threat to control of TB. Early suspicion and diagnosis are important. Culture and drug susceptibility testing are gold standards, but newer molecular methods help in rapid diagnosis.

Antipsoriatic and Anti-inflammatory Studies of Extract Loaded Nanovesicular Gels.

Objective: Novel nanovesicular gel of extract was developed and evaluated for its anti-inflammatory and antipsoriatic activity.

Materials And Methods: Transferosomes were prepared using soya phosphatidylcholine and edge activators (Tween 80, Span 80, and sodium deoxycholate) by a modified lipid film hydration technique using rotary evaporator and evaluated for various parameters. The quantification and standardization of extract have been carried out using its alkaloid content as berberine as biomarker.

External Drainage of Giant Infantile Choledochal Cyst before Definitive Repair: Is it Worth?

Infantile Choledochal Cysts (IFCC) usually present with jaundice, acholic stool and abdominal lump or abdominal distension. If the surgical intervention is delayed, they rapidly progress to liver fibrosis which is considered to be irreversible if progressed to cirrhosis. We present the data of four cases (aged one month to seven months) of IFCC presented with cholangitis managed in one surgical unit in last two years.

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in India: Current evidence on diagnosis & management.

Emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) has significantly threatened to jeopardize global efforts to control TB, especially in HIV endemic regions. XDR-TB is mainly an iatrogenically created issue, and understanding the epidemiological and risk factors associated with it is of paramount importance in curbing this menace. Emergence of this deadly phenomenon can be prevented by prompt diagnosis and effective treatment with second-line drugs in rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) as well as multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients.

A Comparative Study of the Results of the Anatomic Medial Portal and All-inside Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction.

Introduction: Many techniques of graft placement in Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction is available now-a-days, like trans-tibial, anatomical accessory medial portal and anatomical all-inside technique.

Aim: To compare the improvement in clinical status of patients treated by anatomic accessory medial portal and all-inside arthroscopic ACL reconstruction technique pre-operatively post-operatively using International Knee Documentation Comittee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Scores, Lysholm Knee Score, Knee Society Score, Lachman test, Visual Analog Score (VAS) in both the groups.

Materials And Methods: After informed consent from patients and clearance from Ethical Committee, we included patients aged 18 to 50 years with ACL injury and clinical laxity admitted in Department of Orthopaedics, King George Medical University, Lucknow.

An unusual case of cervical fibroid masquerading as ovarian tumor.

Uterine fibroids are the most common uterine neoplasm of uterus and the female pelvis and the most common indication for hysterectomy worldwide. When the fibroid is large and fills the whole pelvis or is pedunculated, it becomes difficult to differentiate from ovarian mass clinically. Cervical fibroids pose enormous surgical difficulty by virtue of their relative inaccessibility and proximity to the anterior bladder, posterior rectum, and distorting the normal anatomical relationship of pelvic structures.