Evaluation of a chat GPT generated patient information leaflet about laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Background: Artificial intelligence is increasingly being used in all aspects of life in information compilation and writing, and this includes healthcare. This study aimed to evaluate a Chat GPT generated patient information leaflet (PIL) against a surgeon generated version, in order to explore a potential application of this artificial intelligence language processing model.

Methods: Cross-sectional study, undertaken May to June 2023, asking two cohorts (patients and doctors) to complete a questionnaire evaluating a Chat GPT generated PIL and a surgeon generated PIL about laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Effect of uncertain clinical conditions on the early healing and stability of distal radius fractures.

Background And Objectives: The healing outcomes of distal radius fracture (DRF) treated with the volar locking plate (VLP) depend on surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation. However, the accurate prediction of healing outcomes is challenging due to a range of certainties related to the clinical conditions of DRF patients, including fracture geometry, fixation configuration, and physiological loading. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of uncertainty and variability in fracture/fixation parameters on the mechano-biology and biomechanical stability of DRF, using a probabilistic numerical approach based on the results from a series of experimental tests performed in this study.

Depth camera-based model for studying the effects of muscle loading on distal radius fracture healing.

Background: Distal radius fractures (DRFs) treated with volar locking plates (VLPs) allows early rehabilitation exercises favourable to fracture recovery. However, the role of rehabilitation exercises induced muscle forces on the biomechanical microenvironment at the fracture site remains to be fully explored. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of muscle forces on DRF healing by developing a depth camera-based fracture healing model.

Spinal fractures in fused spines: nonoperative treatment is a reliable alternative.

Introduction: Spinal fractures in fused spines such as in ankylosing spondylitis or DISH are typically of type B or C fractures where operative treatment is recommended. The mortality rate in non-operatively treated patients is reported to be 51%. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mortality rate, complication rate and demographics of patients following non-operatively treatment in fused spine injuries.

Left main coronary artery to pulmonary artery fistula presenting as angina and ventricular tachycardia - A case report and literature review.

Coronary artery fistulae are an uncommon abnormality of the coronary arteries, but when hemodynamically significant can present as angina, dyspnea, and arrhythmia as a rare cause of functional myocardial ischemia via 'coronary steal phenomenon'.

Development of numerical model-based machine learning algorithms for different healing stages of distal radius fracture healing.

Background And Objectives: Early therapeutic exercises are vital for the healing of distal radius fractures (DRFs) treated with the volar locking plate. However, current development of rehabilitation plans using computational simulation is normally time-consuming and requires high computational power. Thus, there is a clear need for developing machine learning (ML) based algorithms that are easy for end-users to implement in daily clinical practice.

Effect of Catheter Ablation Using Pulmonary Vein Isolation With vs Without Posterior Left Atrial Wall Isolation on Atrial Arrhythmia Recurrence in Patients With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: The CAPLA Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) alone is less effective in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) compared with paroxysmal AF. The left atrial posterior wall may contribute to maintenance of persistent AF, and posterior wall isolation (PWI) is a common PVI adjunct. However, PWI has not been subjected to randomized comparison.

The effects of mechanical instability on PDGF mediated inflammatory response at early stage of fracture healing under diabetic condition.

Background And Objective: Mechanical stability plays an important role in fracture healing process. Excessive interfragmentary movement will continuously damage the tissue and newly formed capillaries at the fracture site, which leads to overproduction of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) that attracts more macrophages into fracture callus, ultimately persistent and enhanced inflammatory response happens. For diabetic condition, the impact of mechanical instability of fracture site on inflammatory response could be further compliciated and the relevant research in this field is relatively limited.

Cervical immobilization in trauma patients: soft collars better than rigid collars? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Rigid cervical spine following trauma immobilization is recommended to reduce neurological disability and provide spinal stability. Soft collars have been proposed as a good alternative because of the complications related to rigid collars. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review on soft and rigid collars in the prehospital management of cervical trauma.

Juvenile muscular atrophy of the distal upper extremity (Hirayama syndrome): a systematic review.

Introduction: Hirayama syndrome is likely caused by a forward displacement of the posterior dura during cervical flexion leading to changes in the muscles of the fingers and wrist. The aim of this systematic review was to document the number of reported cases, the necessity of dynamic MRI of the cervical spine and the subsequent treatment.

Methods And Materials: A systematic review was conducted and the Pubmed/Medbase, Cochrane, Google, Embase and Ovid database were searched for (Hirayama) AND ((disease) OR (syndrome)).

Influence of therapeutic grip exercises induced loading rates in distal radius fracture healing with volar locking plate fixation.

Background And Objective: Therapeutic exercises could potentially enhance the healing of distal radius fractures (DRFs) treated with volar locking plate (VLP). However, the healing outcomes are highly dependant on the patient-specific fracture geometries (e.g.

Role of TNF-α in early-stage fracture healing under normal and diabetic conditions.

Background And Objective: Inflammatory response plays a crucial role in the early stage of fracture healing. Immediately after fracture, the debris and immune cells (e.g.

Reliability of lumbar multifidus and iliocostalis lumborum thickness and echogenicity measurements using ultrasound imaging.

Purpose: To establish the test-retest and inter-rater reliability of lumbar multifidus (LM) and iliocostalis lumborum (IL) muscle thickness and echogenicity as derived using ultrasound imaging.

Methods: Ultrasound images of the LM and IL were collected from 11 healthy participants on two occasions, 1 week apart, by two independent assessors. Measures of LM and IL thickness and echogenicity were subject to test-retest and inter-rater reliability, which was assessed by calculation of an F statistic, the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the standard error of measurement, 95% confidence intervals and Bland-Altman plots.

Catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation: A multicenter randomized trial of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) versus PVI with posterior left atrial wall isolation (PWI) - The CAPLA study.

Background: The success of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is reduced in persistent AF (PsAF) compared to paroxysmal AF. Adjunctive ablation strategies have failed to show consistent incremental benefit over PVI alone in randomized studies. The left atrial posterior wall is a potential source of non-PV triggers and atrial substrate which may promote the initiation and maintenance of PsAF.

Airway management in the adult patient with COVID-19: High flow nasal oxygen or not? A summary of evidence and local expert opinion.

The use of high flow nasal oxygen in the care of COVID-19-positive adult patients remains an area of contention. Early guidelines have discouraged the use of high flow nasal oxygen therapy in this setting due to the risk of viral spread to healthcare workers. However, there is the need to balance the relative risks of increased aerosol generation and virus transmission to healthcare workers against the role high flow nasal oxygen has in reducing hypoxaemia when managing the airway in high-risk patients during intubation or sedation procedures.

Balance Between Mechanical Stability and Mechano-Biology of Fracture Healing Under Volar Locking Plate.

The application of volar locking plate (VLP) is promising in the treatment of dorsally comminuted and displaced fracture. However, the optimal balance between the mechanical stability of VLP and the mechanobiology at the fracture site is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to develop numerical models in conjunction with experimental studies to identify the favourable mechanical microenvironment for indirect healing, by optimizing VLP configuration and post-operative loadings for different fracture geometries.

Optimal time-dependent levels of weight-bearing for bone fracture healing under Ilizarov circular fixators.

It is known that weight-bearing exercises under Ilizarov circular fixators (ICF) could enhance bone fracture healing by mechano-regulation. However, interfragmentary movements at the fracture site induced by weight-bearing may inhibit angiogenesis and ultimately delay the healing process. To tackle this challenge, a computational model is presented in this study which considers the spatial and temporal changes in mechanical properties of fracture callus to predict optimal levels of weight-bearing during fracture healing under ICF.

A probabilistic approach for modelling bone fracture healing under Ilizarov circular fixator.

Bone fracture treatments using Ilizarov circular fixator (ICF) involve dealing with uncertainties about a range of critical factors that control the mechanical microenvironment of the fracture site such as ICF configuration, fracture gap size, physiological loading etc. To date, the effects of the uncertainties about these critical factors on the mechanical microenvironment of the fracture site have not been fully understood. The purpose of this study is to tackle this challenge by using computational modelling in conjunction with engineering reliability analysis.

Bone fracture healing under Ilizarov fixator: Influence of fixator configuration, fracture geometry, and loading.

This study aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Ilizarov fixator configuration and its effects on bone fracture healing. Using Taylor spatial frame (TSF) as an example, the roles of critical parameters (ie, TSF ring diameter, wire pre-tension, fracture gap size, and axial load) that govern fracture healing during the early stages were investigated by using computational modelling in conjunction with mechanical testing involving an advanced 3D optical measurement system. The computational model was first validated using the mechanical test results and then used to simulate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiations within different regions of the fracture site under various combinations of TSF ring diameter, wire pre-tension, fracture gap size, and axial load values.

The Effects of Dynamic Loading on Bone Fracture Healing Under Ilizarov Circular Fixators.

Early weight bearing appears to enhance bone fracture healing under Ilizarov circular fixators (ICFs). However, the role of early weight bearing in the healing process remains unclear. This study aims to provide insights into the effects of early weight bearing on healing of bone fractures stabilized with ICFs, with the aid of mathematical modeling.

Secretion clearance strategies in Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Units.

Introduction/aims: To describe the processes of care for secretion clearance in adult, intubated and mechanically ventilated patients in Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Units (ICUs).

Methods/results: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted through the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group (ANZICS CTG) Point Prevalence Program. Forty-seven ICUs collected data from 230 patients intubated and ventilated on the study day.