Prevalence and predictors of bullying among in-school adolescents in Nigeria.

Objective: As an emerging significant public health issue affecting many students globally, school bullying is a threat that should not be disregarded. While several published studies have focused on bullying in developed countries, very little is known about the prevalence and predictors of bullying in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of bullying in secondary schools in Edo State, Nigeria.

Urinary Catheter Documentation in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital: Are We Recording Enough?

Background: Urinary catheters are an important armamentarium of urologic practice. Several indications for their use exist. A good knowledge of the details surrounding every urinary catheter inserted is necessary for the proper management of the patients.

MRI- Versus CT-Guided Renal Tumor Cryoablation: Is There a Difference?

Purpose: To compare procedure-related variables, safety, renal function, and oncologic outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous cryoablation (CA) of renal tumors with MRI- or CT-guidance.

Materials And Methods: Patient, tumour, procedure, and follow-up data were collected and analysed. MRI and CT groups were matched using a coarsened exact approach according to patient's gender and age, tumour grade, size and location.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and kidney outcomes in real-world type 2 diabetes populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Aim: To conduct a systematic review of observational studies to explore the real-world kidney benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in a large and diverse population of adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials And Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science for observational studies that investigated kidney disease progression in adults with T2D treated with SGLT2 inhibitors compared to other glucose-lowering therapies. Studies published from database inception to July 2022 were independently reviewed by two authors and evaluated using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool.

In praise of ovulation induction for the management of anovulatory subfertility.

Rapid advances in assisted reproductive technology have revolutionized fertility treatments for couples worldwide seeking a pregnancy. Although this is promising, concerns are emerging over the overuse of unnecessary assisted conception treatments, particularly among couples with anovulatory subfertility. Some experts are calling for the cessation of ovulation induction as the primary treatment of anovulatory subfertility in favour of more sophisticated assisted conception treatments.

Three-Dimensional Volume Rendering of Pelvic Floor Anatomy with Focus on Fibroids in Relation to the Lower Urogenital Tract Based on Cross-Sectional MRI Images.

We aimed to assess the feasibility of developing three-dimensional (3D) models of pelvic organs using cross-sectional MRI images of patients with uterine fibroids and urinary symptoms and of obtaining anatomical information unavailable in 2D imaging modalities. We also aimed to compare two image processing applications. We performed a feasibility study analysing MRI scans from three women, aged 30 to 58 years old, with fibroids and urinary symptoms.

Quality and appropriateness of uro-surgical referrals at a Nigerian teaching hospital.

Introduction: An effective referral system is crucial for a high-quality health system that provides safe medical care.

Aim And Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the appropriateness and adequacies of information in the referral letters of patients.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study of referral letters of all new patients in the urology clinic.

UK Reference Intervals for Parathyroid Hormone Using Abbott Methods.

Diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism requires measurement of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the context of the plasma calcium and other factors, such as vitamin D status and renal function. Accurate classification depends upon an appropriate population reference interval. We examined local population plasma PTH reference intervals at four different UK sites using a common platform.

'Virtual neonatal crash course': quality improvement in neonatal teaching for paediatric trainees.

Unlabelled: There are limited Foundation Programme posts with rotations in paediatrics. Many junior paediatric trainees therefore start their neonatal jobs, including a mandatory 6-month tertiary neonatal placement during Level 1 training, without prior experience. The aim of this project was to improve trainees' confidence in the practical aspects of neonatal medicine prior to their first neonatal jobs.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Obese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: from Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Considerations and Practical Recommendations for Safe and Effective Use.

Purpose Of Review: To discuss current literature and provide practical recommendations for the safe and effective use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or obesity. The molecular mechanisms that justify the potential benefits of GLP-1 RA in IBD and the links between IBD, obesity, and cardiovascular disease are also discussed.

Recent Findings: Preliminary data suggest that GLP-1 RA can modulate crucial pathways in the pathogenesis of IBD, such as chronic inflammation circuits, intestinal tight junctions, and gut microbiome dysbiosis, setting the stage for human trials to investigate the role of these agents in the treatment of IBD among people with or without diabetes and obesity.

Open fractures of the upper limb - do the BOAST guidelines need an update?

Aims: This scoping review aims to explore the published literature on the current management strategies and outcomes of open upper limb injuries using the BOAST 4 guidelines as a structure.

Materials And Methods: A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane and OrthoSearch computerised literature databases (from January 2012 through April 2022) was performed. The medical subject headings used were "open fracture"/ "Gustilo Anderson" and "forearm" or "radius" or "ulna" or "elbow" or "humerus" or "clavicle" or "shoulder" or "scapula".

Presacral malakoplakia presenting as foot drop: a case report.

Background: Malakoplakia is a rare condition characterized by inflammatory masses with specific histological characteristics. These soft tissue masses can mimic tumors and tend to develop in association with chronic or recurrent infections, typically of the urinary tract. A specific defect in innate immunity has been described.

ORthopaedic trauma hospital outcomes - Patient operative delays (ORTHOPOD) Study: The management of day-case orthopaedic trauma in the United Kingdom.

Introduction: ORTHOPOD: Day Case Trauma is a multicentre prospective service evaluation of day-case trauma surgery across four countries. It is an epidemiological assessment of injury burden, patient pathways, theatre capacity, time to surgery and cancellation. It is the first evaluation of day-case trauma processes and system performance at nationwide scale.

Precision pain management in interventional radiology.

Pain is a common manifestation of several benign and malignant conditions. Inadequate response to conservative therapies is often succeeded by incremental use of analgesics and opioids; however, such an approach is often ineffective, not well tolerated by patients, and carries the risk of addiction leading to the opioid crisis. Implementing minimally invasive percutaneous procedures, performed by interventional radiologists has proven to be successful in providing safe, effective, and patient-specific therapies across a wide range of painful conditions.

Delivering clinical studies of exercise in the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and adaptations using a feasibility trial of isometric exercise to treat hypertension as an exemplar.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted on the delivery of clinical trials in the UK, posing complicated organisational challenges and requiring adaptations, especially to exercise intervention studies based in the community. We aim to identify the challenges of public involvement, recruitment, consent, follow-up, intervention and the healthcare professional delivery aspects of a feasibility study of exercise in hypertensive primary care patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. While these challenges elicited many reactive changes which were specific to, and only relevant in the context of 'lockdown' requirements, some of the protocol developments that came about during this unprecedented period have great potential to inform more permanent practices for carrying out this type of research.

An Economic Model to Establish the Costs Associated With Routes to Presentation for Patients With Multiple Myeloma in the United Kingdom.

Objectives: Patients with myeloma often face significant diagnostic delay, with up to one-third of UK patients diagnosed after an emergency presentation (EP). Compared with other routes, patients presenting as an emergency have more advanced disease, increased complications, and poorer prognosis.

Methods: An economic model was developed using a decision-tree framework and lifetime time horizon to estimate costs related to different presentation routes (EP, general practitioner [GP] 2-week wait, GP urgent, GP routine, and consultant to consultant) for UK patients diagnosed as having myeloma.

Amyand's Hernia: A Radiological Solution of a Surgical Dilemma.

Amyand's hernia is a rare condition whereby the appendix lies within the sac of an inguinal hernia; rarer still, the appendix can become inflamed (acute appendicitis) and is frequently misdiagnosed as a strangulated inguinal hernia. We report a case of Amyand's hernia complicated with acute appendicitis. In this case an accurate preoperative diagnosis was provided by a preoperative Computerised Tomography (CT) scan, permitting planning of treatment by a laparoscopic approach.

Nutritional practices and dietetic provision in the endometriosis population, with a focus on functional gut symptoms.

Background: Endometriosis is a common condition causing chronic pain, fatigue and gut symptoms. Research suggests that dietary changes may improve symptoms; however, evidence is lacking. The present study aimed to investigate the nutritional practices and needs of individuals with endometriosis (IWE) and the management of endometriosis by dietitians in the UK, focusing on gut symptoms.

Beware of Rattling Underfoot: Cystic Artery Pseudoaneurysm in Acute Cholecystitis With a Cholecystostomy.

Cystic artery pseudoaneurysm (CAP) is a very rare complication of acute cholecystitis. The pathogenesis of CAP in the context of cholecystitis is unknown but is possibly related to the inflammatory process in the vicinity of the cystic artery, leading to weakness in the wall of the artery. Though CAP has been reported in the literature, our patient had a unique presentation in the presence of a cholecystostomy catheter in situ.