An in vivo model of anti-inflammatory activity of subdural dexamethasone following the spinal cord injury.

Current therapies to limit the neural tissue destruction following the spinal cord injury are not effective. Our recent studies indicate that the injury to the white matter of the spinal cord results in a severe inflammatory response where macrophages phagocytize damaged myelin and the fluid-filled cavity of injury extends in size with concurrent and irreversible destruction of the surrounding neural tissue over several months. We previously established that a high dose of 4mg/rat of dexamethasone administered for 1 week via subdural infusion remarkably lowers the numbers of infiltrating macrophages leaving large amounts of un-phagocytized myelin debris and therefore inhibits the severity of inflammation and related tissue destruction.

Hospital cost of pediatric patients with complicated acute sinusitis.

Objective: Review costs for pediatric patients with complicated acute sinusitis.

Methods: A retrospective case series of patients in a pediatric hospital was created to determine hospital costs using a standardized activity-based accounting system for inpatient treatment between November 2010 and December 2014. Children less than 18 years of age who were admitted for complicated acute sinusitis were included in the study.

Posttraumatic Bilateral Epidural Hygroma of the Posterior Cranial Fossa: Case Report and Brief Review of Literature.

Background: Posttraumatic posterior fossa epidural hygroma is a rare entity, and a clear management has not been established in the medical literature. We present 1 case and review the literature relevant to this unusual entity. The mechanism of formation and management of posterior cranial fossa epidural hygroma are also outlined.

Endovascular treatment of intracranial infectious aneurysms.

Introduction: Intracranial infectious aneurysm (IIA) accounts for less than 5% of all intracranial aneurysms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of endovascular treatment for IIA.

Methods: During a 14-year period, 15 patients (age range, 2-68 years; mean, 42.

Concomitant epidural and subdural spinal abscess: a case report.

Background Context: Spinal subdural abscess (SSA) is a rare occurrence for which the management typically involves open surgical removal and washout.

Purpose: This case report aims to review the literature and discuss the management of patients with SSA.

Study Design: We present a case of a 33-year-old female who presented with a spinal epidural abscess and concurrent SSA.

Factors influencing the outcome (GOS) in reconstructive cranioplasty.

After performing a decompressive craniectomy, a cranioplastic surgery is usually warranted. The complications of this reconstructive procedure may differ from the initial operation. The authors of this study report on their experience to define patient-specific and procedural risk factors for possible complications following cranioplasty influencing the outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS)), mobility, shunt dependency, and seizures.

[The specific clinical features of otogenic intracranial complications: the current views].

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the specific clinical features of otogenic intracranial complications (ICC) encountered in the current otorhinolaryngological practice. The work is based on the results of the retrospective analysis of 106 adult patients presenting with otogenic intracranial complications admitted for the treatment to multidisciplinary clinics of Sankt-Peterburg and Krasnoyarsk. Forty six (42.

Rapidly Progressive Gas-containing Lumbar Spinal Epidural Abscess.

Gas-containing (emphysematous) infections of the abdomen, pelvis, and extremities are well-known disease entities, which can potentially be life-threatening. They require aggressive medical and often surgical treatment. In the neurosurgical field, some cases of gas-containing brain abscess and subdural empyema have been reported.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: Targeted or blind blood patch.

The aim of this review is to determine the efficacy and optimal strategy for epidural blood patch placement in the treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. We present a 37-year-old man who developed a 4 week duration postural headache without sustaining significant trauma. The diagnosis of spontaneous intracranial hypotension with associated subdural hygromas was confirmed with lumbar puncture and radiologic imaging.

Intracranial complications from sinusitis.

Introduction: Despite increasingly better diagnostic and therapeutic methods intracranial sinogenic complications, invariably pose a direct threat to the lives of patients and a challenge for otolaryngologists.

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze patients with intracranial sinogenic complications treated at the Department of Otolaryngology and Otolaryngological Oncology of Poznań University of Medical Sciences in the years 2000-2013.

Material And Methods: Analysis covered the period from January 2000 to December 2013.

Pediatric sinogenic epidural and subdural empyema: The role of endoscopic sinus surgery.

Aim: To analyze the indications and outcomes of open neurosurgical approaches (ONA) and endoscopic transnasal approaches (ETA) in the surgical management of pediatric sinogenic subdural and epidural empyema.

Material And Methods: Retrospective single-center study design within a tertiary care referral center setting. Children less than 18 years of age consecutively operated on between January 2012 and February 2014 for drainage of a sinogenic subdural empyema (SE) or epidural (EE) empyema were included.

Metastatic endophthalmitis combined with subretinal abscess in a patient with diabetes mellitus--a case report.

Background: Endogenous endophthalmitis, extra-hepatic metastasis from liver abscess with diabetes mellitus, could lead to a devastating outcome without a prompt and appropriate management. We report a case of metastatic endophthalmitis combined with subretinal abscess with successful visual outcome after treatment.

Case Presentation: A 56-year-old male patient with diabetes mellitus under poor control presented to our emergency room with fever, sore throat, cough and poor appetite for 2 weeks.

Cranial Reconstruction in a Pediatric Patient Using a Tissue Expander and Custom-made Hydroxyapatite Implant.

A tissue expansion technique in conjunction with a custom-made artificial bone implant was effective for a large cranial reconstruction in a pediatric patient. The patient was an eight-year-old boy with cranial bone fracture, acute subdural hematoma in the left lobe, and acute epidural hematoma in the right lobe due to an accident. Wound dehiscence and artificial dura infection were observed as postoperative complications.

Ventral epidural filling technique in interlaminar epidural steroid injection.

Study Design: A retrospective case-control study.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the ventral epidural filling technique in lumbar interlaminar epidural steroid injection (ESI).

Summary Of Background Data: The ventral epidural space can be a preferred target in ESI because it contains many spinal pain generators.

Pediatric intracranial abscesses.

Intracranial infections in children are a relatively rare, but potentially severe condition. Because of the potential for rapid deterioration, timely diagnosis and treatment are necessary. These infections are categorized based on their intracranial location: epidural abscess, subdural empyema, and brain abscess.

Subdural infusion of dexamethasone inhibits leukomyelitis after acute spinal cord injury in a rat model.

Trauma in spinal cord injury often results in massive damage to the white matter and in damage to myelin that results in a severe phagocyte-rich infiltration apparently directed at removing immunologically toxic myelin debris. In the epidural balloon crush injury to the rat cranial thoracic spinal cord, the dorsal column was crushed, which at one week post-op resulted in its obliteration by a severe infiltration by a virtually pure population of macrophages that internalized all damaged myelin. A week-long subdural infusion of dexamethasone, a stable synthetic corticosteroid, resulted in remarkable inhibition of the macrophage infiltration of the crush cavity and in the lack of removal of myelin debris by phagocytosis.

Extensive complex odontoma in the maxillary sinus pushing 3rd molar near the orbital floor causing transient diplopia and chronic sinusitis: a rare presentation and surgical management.

Odontoma is a mixed odontogenic hamartoma involving both epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. If left untreated, it can lead to complications in certain conditions. Here is a rare presentation of an extensive complex odontoma in maxillary sinus pushing third molar near the orbital floor causing transient diplopia in upward gaze occasionally and chronic sinusitis.

Complications following cranioplasty: incidence and predictors in 348 cases.

Object: The factors that contribute to periprocedural complications following cranioplasty, including patient-specific and surgery-specific factors, need to be thoroughly assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors that predispose patients to an increased risk of cranioplasty complications and death.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients at their institution who underwent cranioplasty following craniectomy for stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, and trauma between January 2000 and December 2011.

Chronic subdural hematoma infected by propionibacterium acnes: a case report.

We present a very rare case of a patient with an infected subdural hematoma due to Propionibacterium acnes. A 63-year-old male complained of dizziness and was admitted to our hospital. He had a history of left chronic subdural hematoma due to a traffic accident, which had been conservatively treated.

[Tailored cranioplasty using CAD-CAM technology].

Objective: The majority of cranial defects are results of surgical intervention. The defect must be covered within resonable period of time usually after 4-6 week given the fact that the replacement of bone improve the brain circulation. Number of surgical techniques and materials are available to perform cranioplasty.

Autoinfection as a cause of postpartum subdural empyema due to Mycoplasma hominis.

Mycoplasma hominis is a commensal of the genitourinary tract, which is infrequently associated with urogenital infections. Extra-urogenital infections due to M. hominis are rare.

Spinal subdural abscess following epidural steroid injection.

The authors report the case of a 58-year-old man who presented with a cervicothoracolumbosacral spinal subdural abscess about a month after receiving an epidural steroid injection for management of low-back pain due to L5-S1 disc herniation. Although he presented with symptoms concerning for a spinal etiology, the subdural empyema was not evident on the initial MRI study and was observed on imaging 5 days later. This patient was successfully managed with surgical intervention and antibiotic treatment, and he is doing well more than 21 months after the operation.

Community-acquired intracranial suppurative infections: A 15-year report.

Background: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of patients with intracranial suppurative infection (ISI) by review of clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings.

Methods: The data collected from all patients who had been diagnosed with ISI and followed up at the Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department of the study site between 1998 and 2013 were reviewed.

Results: Of the 23 ISI patients identified, the mean age was 38.