Direct and Indirect Determinants of Body Mass Index in Both Major Ethnic Groups Experiencing the Nutritional Transition in Cameroon.

In the context of rapid nutritional transitions in Africa, few studies have analyzed the etiology of obesity by considering the driver pathways that predict body mass index (BMI). The aim of this study is to innovatively identify these driver pathways, including the main sociodemographic and socioecological drivers of BMI. We conducted a rural-urban quantitative study in Cameroon ( = 1106; balanced sex ratio) to explore this issue.

Prospective association between dietary pesticide exposure profiles and type 2 diabetes risk in the NutriNet-Santé cohort.

Background: Studies focusing on dietary pesticides in population-based samples are scarce and little is known about potential mixture effects. We aimed to assess associations between dietary pesticide exposure profiles and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) among NutriNet-Santé cohort participants.

Methods: Participants completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire at baseline, assessing conventional and organic food consumption.

Heterogeneous SARS-CoV-2 humoral response after COVID-19 vaccination and/or infection in the general population.

Assessment of the intensity, dynamics and determinants of the antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in the general population is critical to guide vaccination policies. This study characterized the anti-spike IgG titers in 13,971 participants included in a French multicohort population-based serological survey on COVID-19 between April and October 2020 and followed-up with serological testing between May and October 2021. Eight follow-up profiles were defined depending on SARS-CoV-2 infection (0, 1 or 2) and COVID-19 vaccination (0, 1, 2 or 3).

Risk Factors for High-Arched Palate and Posterior Crossbite at the Age of 5 in Children Born Very Preterm: EPIPAGE-2 Cohort Study.

Introduction: Children born very preterm have an immature sucking reflex at birth and are exposed to neonatal care that can impede proper palate growth.

Objectives: We aimed to describe the frequency of high-arched palate and posterior crossbite at the age of 5 in children born very preterm and to identify their respective risk factors.

Methods: Our study was based on the data from EPIPAGE-2, a French national prospective cohort study, and included 2,594 children born between 24- and 31-week gestation.

Effect of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Physical Activity, Eating Behavior, Body Weight and Psychological Outcomes in a Post-Bariatric Cohort.

Purpose: Little is known about the consequences of COVID-19 lockdowns on physical activity (PA), eating behavior, and mental health in post-bariatric surgery (BS) patients. We aimed to analyze the relations between changes in PA during COVID-19 lockdowns and changes in body weight and a comprehensive set of lifestyle and psychological outcomes in patients who have undergone BS.

Material And Methods: In April-May 2020 (lockdown#1), we performed an online survey in a cohort of 937 adults who underwent BS and were followed-up at our university medical center for at least one year.

Associations between retail food environment and the nutritional quality of food purchases in French households: The Mont'Panier cross-sectional study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess whether the retail food environment, measured by multiple indicators around the home and in activity space, was associated with the nutritional quality of food purchases.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 462 households from a quota sampling survey conducted in the south of France (Montpellier Metropolitan Area). The revised Healthy Purchase Index was implemented in order to assess the nutritional quality of food purchases.

Sleep Disorders in Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome: Review of the Literature and Clinical Recommendations Based on the Experience of the French Reference Centre.

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare, genetic, multisymptomatic, neurodevelopmental disease commonly associated with sleep alterations, including sleep-disordered breathing and central disorders of hypersomnolence. Excessive daytime sleepiness represents the main manifestation that should be addressed by eliciting the detrimental effects on quality of life and neurocognitive function from the patients' caregivers. Patients with PWS have impaired ventilatory control and altered pulmonary mechanics caused by hypotonia, respiratory muscle weakness, scoliosis and obesity.

Three-dimensional printing models improve long-term retention in medical education of pathoanatomy: A randomized controlled study.

Craniosynostosis is a rare and complex pathology, and visuospatial skills are necessary for a good understanding of the condition. While the use of three-dimensional (3D) models has improved the understanding of complex craniofacial anatomy, no study has evaluated the impact of this teaching support on long-term retention. Our randomized controlled trial was designed to compare the long-term retention of information with 3D-printed models of four types of craniosynostosis versus classic 3D reconstructions displayed in two-dimensional (2D) among undergraduate students.

Ultra-processed food intake and eating disorders: Cross-sectional associations among French adults.

Background And Aims: Data regarding the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and eating disorders (ED) are scarce. Our aim was to investigate whether UPF intake was associated with different ED types in a large population-based study.

Methods: 43,993 participants (mean age = 51.

Caffeine Intake and Its Sex-Specific Association with General Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Analysis among General Population Adults.

(1) Background: Caffeine is one of the most consumed psychoactive stimulants worldwide. It has been suggested that caffeine intake at large doses can induce anxiety, whereas evidence of the role of low to moderate caffeine intake is scarce and inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between caffeine intake and general anxiety in adults recruited from the general population.

Artificial sweeteners and cancer risk: Results from the NutriNet-Santé population-based cohort study.

Background: The food industry uses artificial sweeteners in a wide range of foods and beverages as alternatives to added sugars, for which deleterious effects on several chronic diseases are now well established. The safety of these food additives is debated, with conflicting findings regarding their role in the aetiology of various diseases. In particular, their carcinogenicity has been suggested by several experimental studies, but robust epidemiological evidence is lacking.

A high-throughput real-time PCR tissue-of-origin test to distinguish blood from lymphoblastoid cell line DNA for (epi)genomic studies.

Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derive from blood infected in vitro by Epstein-Barr virus and were used in several genetic, transcriptomic and epigenomic studies. Although few changes were shown between LCL and blood genotypes (SNPs) validating their use in genetics, more were highlighted for other genomic features and/or in their transcriptome and epigenome. This could render them less appropriate for these studies, notably when blood DNA could still be available.

Nitrites and nitrates from food additives and natural sources and cancer risk: results from the NutriNet-Santé cohort.

Background: Nitrates and nitrites occur naturally in water and soil. They are also used as food additives (preservatives) in processed meats. They could play a role in the carcinogenicity of processed meat.

Behavioural risk patterns in adolescents with excess weight participating in the PRALIMAP-INÈS trial.

Objective: To investigate clustering of risk behaviours in adolescents with excess weight.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the PRALIMAP-INÈS trial. Information on food frequency consumption (fruit, vegetables, sugary products and beverages), physical activity, sedentary behaviour (week and weekend days), smoking and alcohol consumption (current frequency and intoxication episodes) and socio-demographic data was collected using self-reported questionnaires.

Ultra-processed foods and cancer risk: from global food systems to individual exposures and mechanisms.

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have become increasingly dominant globally, contributing to as much as 60% of total daily energy intake in some settings. Epidemiological evidence suggests this worldwide shift in food processing may partly be responsible for the global obesity epidemic and chronic disease burden. However, prospective studies examining the association between UPF consumption and cancer outcomes are limited.

Legitimacy of Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labels: Controversy Over the Deployment of the Nutri-Score in Italy.

Background: Front-of-pack nutrition labels (FoPLs) aim at increasing transparency and consumers' awareness of the nutritional composition of pre-packed food products in order to improve the nutritional quality of their food choices. Nevertheless, the legitimacy of the Nutri-Score - the FoPL officially adopted in France and several other European countries - is subject to both technical and political controversy, particularly in Italy. In this study, we investigated how and by whom the legitimacy of the Nutri-Score, recognized by several institutional authorities, could be deconstructed within a specific system of norms, values and beliefs among Italian stakeholders.

Host-country language proficiency and migrant-native disparities in prenatal care utilization: A nationwide study in Portugal.

Background: Migrant-native disparities in perinatal health and care utilization are well-established, yet most evidence comes from countries without universal health coverage. Migrant-specific factors potentially contributing to such disparities are seldom examined. We investigated the association between migration and host-country language proficiency and inadequate utilization of prenatal care (PNC) in Portugal.

The potential effects of meat substitution on diet quality could be high if meat substitutes are optimized for nutritional composition-a modeling study in French adults (INCA3).

Purpose: While consumer demand for meat substitutes is growing, their varied composition raises questions regarding their nutritional value. We aimed to identify and characterize the optimal composition of a meat substitute that would best improve diet quality after complete meat replacement.

Methods: From an average individual representing the dietary intake of French adults (INCA3, n = 1125), meat was replaced with an equivalent amount of a mostly pulse-based substitute, whose composition was based on a list of 159 possible plant ingredients and optimized non-linearly to maximize diet quality assessed with the PANDiet score (considering adequacy for 32 nutrients), while taking account of technological constraints and applying nutritional constraints to limit the risk of overt deficiency in 12 key nutrients.

Dairy product consumption and risk of cancer: A short report from the NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort study.

The impact of dairy product consumption for long-term health remains unclear, in particular regarding their involvement in cancer etiology for frequent locations like breast or prostate. Besides, little is known about potentially different effects of dairy product subtypes. Our objective was therefore to evaluate the associations between dairy product consumption (total and subtypes) and cancer risk.

Teenage childbearing and school dropout in a sample of 18,791 single mothers in Cameroon.

Background: Adolescent childbearing increases the risk of adverse health and social consequences including school dropout (SDO). However, it remains unclear why some teenage mothers drop out of school and others do not, especially in sub-Saharan Africa settings. We aimed to investigate the background and behavioral characteristics of single mothers, associated with school dropout in a sample of 18,791 Cameroonian girls, who had their first child during adolescence.

Treatment outside the Recommended Guidelines for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP): Prevalence, Characteristics, and Issues.

This study aims to assess the prevalence and characteristics of preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated outside the recommended guidelines. In this retrospective monocentric cohort, we included all premature children treated in our department for ROP by laser photoablation or anti-VEGF intravitreal injection. The main outcome was treatment of both eyes for ROP less severe than pre-threshold type 1, treated outside ETROP guidelines.

Online Consumer Survey Comparing Different Front-of-Pack Labels in Greece.

According to the WHO, front-of-pack nutrition labeling provides simplified nutrition information in the form of symbols, colors or words that can help consumers understand the nutritional quality of food, thus leading them to healthier food choices. It is considered of the utmost importance to explore the knowledge and understanding of consumers about this form of nutrition labeling. The aim of this study was to investigate the understanding and perceptions of Greek consumers in response to five different front-of-pack nutrition labels (FoPLs): the Multiple Traffic Lights, Health Star Rating System, Guideline Daily Amounts, Warning Symbols and Nutri-Score.