Effects of extracellular organic matter from bacteria on the growth, physiology, photosynthesis, and transcriptome of the bloom-forming algal species.

Cyanobacterial blooms pose one of the most severe ecological challenges in aquatic systems. However, the mechanism through which bacterial dissolved organic matter influences the formation of algal blooms remains unclear. In this study, extracellular organic matter (EOM) was extracted from Flavobacterium sp.

Excited-State Structural Dynamics of the Cubane-Type Metal Cluster [CuI(py)] Explored by Time-Resolved X-Ray Liquidography.

Cubane-type metal clusters respond uniquely to stimuli like light and electric potential, resulting in behaviors such as crystal-to-crystal phase transitions. While structural adaptability is known to be linked to these responses, direct experimental evidence for the associated structural changes has been missing. This study addresses this gap by examining the structural dynamics of the copper(I) iodide cubane (CuI(py), py = pyridine) upon photoexcitation using time-resolved X-ray liquidography.

Development of Anti-Icing and Skid-Resistant Road Surfaces Using Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) Resin-Based Composites.

Winter road safety is significantly compromised by ice formation, leading to increased vehicular accidents due to reduced friction. Traditional anti-icing strategies, such as chemical deicers, present environmental and structural drawbacks, necessitating innovative solutions. This study evaluates methyl methacrylate (MMA)-based resin composites for anti-icing and skid-resistant applications.

Orbital compartment syndrome in orbital mucormycosis: spot the threat through radiologist's eye.

Purpose: To illustrate the imaging findings of orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) in patients with orbital mucormycosis and to identify the red flag signs on imaging for prompt diagnosis and timely intervention.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of CT and MRI scans from patients diagnosed with sino-nasal mucormycosis within three months of a confirmed COVID-19 infection. Microbiologically proven cases of mucormycosis were included.

Development of the Nanobeam X-ray Experiments instrument at PAL-XFEL.

A Nanobeam X-ray Experiments (NXE) instrument was developed and installed at the hard X-ray beamline of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser. This instrument consists of a diagnostic system, focusing optics, an X-ray diffraction endstation and a femtosecond laser delivery system. The NXE instrument enables sophisticated X-ray experiments using nanofocused X-rays.

High-Performance Nickel-Bismuth Oxide Electrocatalysts Applicable to Both the HER and OER in Alkaline Water Electrolysis.

As an electrocatalyst for water electrolysis, nickel oxide (NiO) has received significant attention due to its cost-effectiveness and high reactivity among non-noble-metal-based catalytic materials. However, NiO still exhibits poor alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics compared to conventional noble metal-based catalysts. This is because NiO has a strong interaction with protons for the HER and too low free energy of the OH* state, resulting in slower rate-determining step (RDS) kinetics for the OER.

Visual perception of wind hazards using cycloidal scanning LiDAR system.

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is particularly vulnerable to wind hazards, and conventional weather monitoring tools often do not offer the detailed, real-time information needed for safe operations. This research, which examines the visual perception of the on-board cycloidal scanning LiDAR system in improving UAM safety, is of significant importance. The cycloidal scanning LiDAR system, designed explicitly for on-board integration, delivers high-resolution visual mapping, real-time data processing, and comprehensive environmental scanning with 360° rotational capabilities.

Liquid-like spin dynamics in a hybrid Heisenberg-Ising antiferromagnet.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials and their heterostructures enable unconventional electronic properties and functionalities not accessible in their bulk counterparts. This approach is now being extended to magnetic materials to engineer their spin structures and magnetic fields produced by them. However, spin dynamics of 2D magnetic heterostructures remain largely unexplored.

A potent epigenetic editor targeting human PCSK9 for durable reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

Epigenetic editing holds the promise of durable therapeutic effects by silencing disease-causing genes without changing the underlying DNA sequence. In this study, we designed an epigenetic editor to target human PCSK9 and thereby induce DNA methylation at this locus. A single administration of lipid nanoparticles encapsulating mRNA encoding this epigenetic editor was sufficient to drive near-complete silencing of human PCSK9 in transgenic mice.

Double ionization potential equation-of-motion coupled-cluster approach with full inclusion of 4-hole-2-particle excitations and three-body clusters.

The double ionization potential (DIP) equation-of-motion (EOM) coupled-cluster (CC) method with a full treatment of 4-hole-2-particle (4h-2p) correlations and triply excited clusters, abbreviated as DIP-EOMCCSDT(4h-2p), and its approximate form called DIP-EOMCCSD(T)(a)(4h-2p) have been formulated and implemented in the open-source CCpy package available on GitHub. The resulting codes work with both nonrelativistic and spin-free scalar-relativistic Hamiltonians. By examining the DIPs of a few small molecules, for which accurate reference data are available, we demonstrate that the DIP-EOMCCSDT(4h-2p) and DIP-EOMCCSD(T)(a)(4h-2p) approaches improve the results obtained using the DIP-EOMCC methods truncated at 3h-1p or 4h-2p excitations on top of the CC calculations with singles and doubles.

Electrochemically driven inactivation of harmful cyanobacteria assisted with the visible light photocatalyst of CeO-FeO-CQDs.

The application of photoelectrocatalysis in the inactivation of algae is attracting growing attention. In this study, CeO-FeO-carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were prepared as particle electrodes to assess their effectiveness in inactivating cyanobacteria within a three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical system under visible light. The results showed that both algal cells and extracellular organic matter (EOM) could be efficiently removed.

GenX degradation mechanism using 2-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide under UV-LED irradiation through micelle formation.

This study investigated the removal of hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) using 2-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (2-HPA) as a hydrated electron (e) producer under UV-LED (265 nm) irradiation in the presence of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a cationic surfactant. The addition of CTAB above the critical micelle concentration of 0.62 mM at pH 7 resulted in an enhancement of GenX removal due to the formation of a micelle structure.

Kidney multiome-based genetic scorecard reveals convergent coding and regulatory variants.

Kidney dysfunction is a major cause of mortality, but its genetic architecture remains elusive. In this study, we conducted a multiancestry genome-wide association study in 2.2 million individuals and identified 1026 (97 previously unknown) independent loci.

Supercritical Fluid-Dried Copolymerized Aramid Nanofiber Sheets with Exceptional Thermal and Dimensional Stability.

Aramid fibers exhibit outstanding properties such as heat resistance, chemical resistance, dimensional stability, durability and elongation. However, their poor dispersibility poses a significant challenge when preparing composites. Consequently, converting aramid fibers into nanofibers is crucial to enhance their dispersibility.

Real-world outcomes of maintenance therapy post-autologous stem cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

Background: In the Republic of Korea, only lenalidomide, bortezomib, ixazomib, and thalidomide monotherapy are available as maintenance therapy post-autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT).

Methods: To determine whether maintenance therapy confers a survival benefit in the real world, we compared treatment outcomes according to the use and type of maintenance therapy in patients who underwent ASCT following frontline therapy with the triplet regimen of bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma in 15 nationwide centers.

Results: A total of 512 patients were analyzed (no-maintenance group, n = 359, and maintenance group, n = 153 patients).

Spatially controlled multicellular differentiation of stem cells using triple factor-releasing metal-organic framework-coated nanoline arrays.

Improved in vitro models are needed for regenerative therapy and drug screening. Here, we report on functionally aligned nanoparticle-trapped nanopattern arrays for spatially controlled, precise mesenchymal stem cell differentiation on a single substrate. The arrays comprise nanohole and nanoline arrays fabricated through interference lithography and selectively capture of UiO-67 metal-organic frameworks on nanoline arrays with a 99.

Structural and dynamic characteristics in sonographic evaluation of the sciatic nerve in patients with probable neuropathic pain - A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Structural and dynamic alterations of peripheral nerves are commonly observed in patients with radiculopathy. The current study aimed to compare the cross-sectional area (CSA), echogenicity index (ECHO), and skin-to-nerve distance (SKN) of the sciatic nerve between the symptomatic and asymptomatic sides of patients with probable neuropathic pain under different levels of nerve tension.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 31 participants classified as having probable chronic neuropathic pain.

Surveillance of land molluscs infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda) reveals risk areas for zoonotic eosinophilic meningitis in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: The nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis, which is endemic to Southeast Asia and adjacent Pacific Islands, has already been recorded in more than 30 countries, including Brazil and other South American nations. It is one of the principal etiological agents of the zoonosis Eosinophilic Meningitis (EoM), which has a number of different species of terrestrial gastropods that act as its intermediate hosts.

Objective: The present study investigated the occurrence of the larvae of this nematode in specimens of terrestrial molluscs collected in half of the municipalities of the Brazilian State of Rio de Janeiro.

A Multicenter, Randomized, Clinical Trial Assessing the Effect of rTG-Omega 3 Supplementation on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Patients after Cataract Surgery rTG-Omega 3 for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.

To investigate the effectiveness of re-esterified triglyceride form of omega 3 (rTG-omega 3) on patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) after cataract surgery. This multicenter, randomized, investigator-blinded, clinical study was conducted between June 2021 and March 2023 and enrolled 107 patients with MGD who had undergone cataract surgery within 3 months at seven sites across South Korea. Patients were randomly assigned to rTG-omega 3 group or a control group.

Analytic calculation of transition dipole moment using four-component relativistic equation-of-motion coupled-cluster expectation value approach.

We have developed an efficient scheme for the calculation of transition properties within the four-component relativistic equation-of-motion coupled cluster (EOM-CC) method using the expectation value approach. The calculation of transition properties within the relativistic EOM-CC framework requires the solution of both right and left eigenvectors. The accuracy of the approach has been investigated by calculating low-lying transitions of a Xe atom, a HI molecule, and spin forbidden 1S0 → 3P1 and spin allowed 1S0 → 1P1 transitions in a few closed shell cations.

Ambient Stable CsCuI Flexible Gas Sensors for Reliable NO Detection at Room Temperature.

The advancement of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence has increased the demand for air quality monitoring to protect human health. Nitrogen dioxide (NO), a hazardous pollutant, causes inflammatory responses, even at low concentrations, necessitating sensitive gas sensors. Although metal oxide semiconductor sensors are commonly used, their high-operating temperature and reliance on additional heaters limit miniaturization and increase power consumption.

Evidence-based Korean guidelines for the clinical management of multiple myeloma: addressing 12 key clinical questions.

Multiple myeloma (MM), a hematological malignancy, is characterized by malignant plasma cell proliferation in the bone marrow. Recent treatment advances have significantly improved patient outcomes associated with MM. In this study, we aimed to develop comprehensive, evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of MM.

Finite-Size Effects in Periodic EOM-CCSD for Ionization Energies and Electron Affinities: Convergence Rate and Extrapolation to the Thermodynamic Limit.

We investigate the convergence of quasiparticle energies for periodic systems to the thermodynamic limit using increasingly large simulation cells corresponding to increasingly dense integration meshes in reciprocal space. The quasiparticle energies are computed at the level of equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory for ionization (IP-EOM-CC) and electron attachment processes (EA-EOM-CC). By introducing an electronic correlation structure factor, the expected asymptotic convergence rates for systems with different dimensionality are formally derived.

Impact of solvation on the electronic resonances in uracil.

Interactions of low-energy electrons with the DNA and RNA nucleobases are known to form metastable states, known as electronic resonances. In this work, we study electron attachment to solvated uracil, an RNA nucleobase, using the orbital stabilization method at the Equation of Motion-Coupled Cluster for Electron Affinities with Singles and Doubles (EOM-EA-CCSD) level of theory with the Effective Fragment Potential (EFP) solvation method. We benchmarked the approach using multireference methods, as well as by comparing EFP and full quantum calculations.

Confined Water for Catalysis: Thermodynamic Properties and Reaction Kinetics.

Water is a salient component in catalytic systems and acts as a reactant, product and/or spectator species in the reaction. Confined water in distinct local environments can display significantly different behaviors from that of bulk water. Therefore, the wide-ranging chemistry of confined water can provide tremendous opportunities to tune the reaction kinetics.