Fifteen Years of NOVA Food-Processing Classification: "Friend or Foe" Among Sustainable Diet Indicators? A Scoping Review.

It has been 15 years since the introduction of the NOVA food-processing classification. While it was designed to identify ultra-processed foods linked to noncommunicable diseases, the NOVA system has a holistic concept that fits with sustainable nutrition. However, NOVA's connection to other sustainable diet indicators has not been thoroughly explored.

Dynamic in vivo monitoring of granum structural changes of Ctenanthe setosa (Roscoe) Eichler during drought stress and subsequent recovery.

Investigating the effects of drought stress and subsequent recovery on the structure and function of chloroplasts is essential to understanding how plants adapt to environmental stressors. We investigated Ctenanthe setosa (Roscoe) Eichler, an ornamental plant that can tolerate prolonged drought periods (40 and 49 days of water withdrawal). Conventional biochemical, biophysical, physiological and (ultra)structural methods combined for the first time in a higher plant with in vivo small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) were used to characterize the alterations induced by drought stress and subsequent recovery.

Anthropometric but not motor characteristics of young volleyball players were improved after a one-week-long intense training sports camp.

This study aimed to examine potential changes in the anthropometric and motor characteristics of volleyball players aged 17.98 ± 0.51 years after participation in a week-long sports camp.

Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups.

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset-with data collected between 2020 and 2022 -to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions.

Association between the use of mobile touchscreen devices and the quality of parent-child interaction in preschoolers.

The early use of mobile touchscreen devices (MTSDs), including smartphones and tablets, may reduce the frequency and quality of social interactions between children and parents, which could impact their relationship and have negative consequences on children's socio-cognitive development. In this study, we applied a parental questionnaire and a behavioral observational method in a laboratory setting (free and structured play sessions) to examine the association between preschool MTSD use and the quantity and quality of parent-child relationships. Our findings revealed that preschoolers who regularly use MTSDs ( = 47, aged 4-7 years, engaging in MTSD use for at least 2 h per week) are spending less time with their parents and exhibited lower quality interactions compared to non-users ( = 25).

Breed differences in olfactory performance of dogs.

Most studies on dogs' olfactory performance focused only on some individuals pre-trained for a task or on specially selected/trained detection dogs. Here, using the Natural Detection Task (NDT) that does not require training, we assessed the effect of several potential factors on the performance of a large sample of dogs (N = 527/tested, 484/analysed). Olfactory success was associated with breeds, but breed groups (selected for olfaction, cooperation, or both) were proven non-relevant, suggesting that breed-specific traits are more influential than functional breed group characteristics.

Multifactorial approach is needed to unravel the maturation phases of human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells.

Neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (h-iPSC-Ns) provide an invaluable model for studying the physiological aspects of human neuronal development under healthy and pathological conditions. However, multiple studies have demonstrated that h-iPSC-Ns exhibit a high degree of functional and epigenetic diversity. Due to the imprecise characterization and significant variation among the currently available maturation protocols, it is essential to establish a set of criteria to standardize models and accurately characterize and define the developmental properties of human neurons derived from iPSCs.

Perceived costs and benefits of companion dog keeping based on a convenience sample of dog owners.

The increasing trend of dog ownership is often linked to its perceived benefits for human physical and mental well-being. However, the psychological and practical demands of caring for a dog can significantly impact the owner's quality of life and the long-term success of the dog-owner relationship. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of both the advantages and disadvantages of dog ownership, as perceived by a convenience sample of Hungarian dog owners (N = 246), who were assumed to be generally satisfied with their dogs.

Persistently increased post-stress activity of paraventricular thalamic neurons is essential for the emergence of stress-induced alterations in behaviour.

A single exposure to a stressful event can result in enduring changes in behaviour. Long-term modifications in neuronal networks induced by stress are well explored but the initial steps leading to these alterations remain incompletely understood. In this study, we found that acute stress exposure triggers an immediate increase in the firing activity of calretinin-positive neurons in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT/CR+) that persists for several days in mice.

Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries.

Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists.

Perceptions of science, science communication, and climate change attitudes in 68 countries - the TISP dataset.

Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries.

Integrated analysis of cellulose structure and properties using solid-state low-field H-NMR and photoacoustic spectroscopy.

In this study, we explore the structural intricacies of cellulose, a polymer composed of glucose monomers arranged in a linear chain, primarily investigated through solid-state NMR techniques. Specifically, we employ low-field proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) to delve into the diverse hydrogen atom types within the cellulose molecule. The low-field H-NMR technique allows us to discern these hydrogen atoms based on their distinct chemical shifts, providing valuable insights into the various functional groups present in cellulose.

Ab initio study on the dynamics and spectroscopy of collective rovibrational polaritons.

Accurate rovibrational molecular models are employed to gain insight in high-resolution into the collective effects and intermolecular processes arising when molecules in the gas phase interact with a resonant infrared (IR) radiation mode. An efficient theoretical approach is detailed, and numerical results are presented for the HCl, H2O, and CH4 molecules confined in an IR cavity. It is shown that by employing a rotationally resolved model for the molecules, revealing the various cavity-mediated interactions between the field-free molecular eigenstates, it is possible to obtain a detailed understanding of the physical processes governing the energy level structure, absorption spectra, and dynamic behavior of the confined systems.

Cure for tantrums? Longitudinal associations between parental digital emotion regulation and children's self-regulatory skills.

Introduction: Parents often use digital devices to regulate their children's negative emotions, e.g., to stop tantrums.

Knoevenagel-IMHDA and -IMSDA sequences for the synthesis of chiral condensed O,N-, S,N- and N-heterocycles.

Domino Knoevenagel-cyclization reactions of styrene substrates, containing an -(-formyl)aryl subunit, were carried out with -substituted 2-cyanoacetamides to prepare tetrahydro-4-pyrano[3,4-]quinolone and hexahydrobenzo[]phenanthridine derivatives by competing IMHDA and IMSDA cyclization, respectively. The diastereoselective IMHDA step with α,β-unsaturated amide, thioamide, ester and ketone subunits as a heterodiene produced condensed chiral tetrahydropyran or thiopyran derivatives, which in the case of Meldrum's acid were reacted further with amine nucleophiles in a multistep domino sequence. In order to simplify the benzene-condensed tricyclic core of the targets and get access to hexahydro-1-pyrano[3,4-]pyridine derivatives, a truncated substrate was reacted with cyclic and acyclic active methylene reagents in diastereoselective Knoevenagel-IMHDA reactions to prepare novel condensed heterocyclic scaffolds.

Ancient DNA reveals reproductive barrier despite shared Avar-period culture.

After a long-distance migration, Avars with Eastern Asian ancestry arrived in Eastern Central Europe in 567 to 568 CE and encountered groups with very different European ancestry. We used ancient genome-wide data of 722 individuals and fine-grained interdisciplinary analysis of large seventh- to eighth-century CE neighbouring cemeteries south of Vienna (Austria) to address the centuries-long impact of this encounter. We found that even 200 years after immigration, the ancestry at one site (Leobersdorf) remained dominantly East Asian-like, whereas the other site (Mödling) shows local, European-like ancestry.

Molecular conductance calculations of single-molecule junctions using projection-based density functional embedding.

Single-Molecule Junctions (SMJs) are key platforms for the exploration of electron transport at the molecular scale. In this study, we present a method that employs different exchange-correlation density functionals for the molecule and the lead domains in an SMJ, enabling the selection of the optimal one for each part. This is accomplished using a formally exact projection-based density-functional theory (DFT-in-DFT) embedding technique combined with the non-equilibrium Green's function method to predict zero-bias conductance.

Random Sampling Versus Active Learning Algorithms for Machine Learning Potentials of Quantum Liquid Water.

Training accurate machine learning potentials requires electronic structure data comprehensively covering the configurational space of the system of interest. As the construction of this data is computationally demanding, many schemes for identifying the most important structures have been proposed. Here, we compare the performance of high-dimensional neural network potentials (HDNNPs) for quantum liquid water at ambient conditions trained to data sets constructed using random sampling as well as various flavors of active learning based on query by committee.

ESKAPE pathogens rapidly develop resistance against antibiotics in development in vitro.

Despite ongoing antibiotic development, evolution of resistance may render candidate antibiotics ineffective. Here we studied in vitro emergence of resistance to 13 antibiotics introduced after 2017 or currently in development, compared with in-use antibiotics. Laboratory evolution showed that clinically relevant resistance arises within 60 days of antibiotic exposure in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, priority Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens.

Effect of non-spherical shape of dry powder aerosol drugs on their airway deposition distribution.

In the majority of aerosol drug deposition modelling efforts, the particles are approximated by regular spheres. However, microscope images acquired after drug formulation available in the open literature suggest that their shape is not regular in most of the cases. This work aimed to combine experimental measurements and numerical simulations to reveal the shape factors of the particles of commercialized aerosol drugs and the effect of non-sphericity on the lung deposition distribution of these drugs.

The Enzyme Effect: Broadening the Horizon of MS Optimization to Nontryptic Digestion in Proteomics.

In recent years, alternative enzymes with varied specificities have gained importance in MS-based bottom-up proteomics, offering orthogonal information about biological samples and advantages in certain applications. However, most mass spectrometric workflows are optimized for tryptic digests. This raises the questions of whether enzyme specificity impacts mass spectrometry and if current methods for nontryptic digests are suboptimal.

Simultaneous activation of different subtypes of dopamine receptors may lead to activation of homeostatic sleep regulatory mechanisms.

Dopaminergic system gains importance in homeostatic sleep regulation, but the role of different dopamine receptors is not well-defined. 72 h rat electrocorticogram and sleep recordings were made after single application of dopaminergic drugs in clinical use or at least underwent clinical trials. The non-selective agonist apomorphine evoked short pharmacological sleep deprivation with intense wakefulness followed by pronounced sleep rebound.

More than just a happy talk? Evidence for functional pitch and utterance length modifications in infant-, spouse-, and dog-directed communication.

By comparing infant-directed speech to spouse- and dog-directed talk, we aimed to investigate how pitch and utterance length are modulated by speakers considering the speech context and the partner's expected needs and capabilities. We found that mean pitch was modulated in line with the partner's attentional needs, while pitch range and utterance length were modulated according to the partner's expected linguistic competence. In a situation with a nursery rhyme, speakers used the highest pitch and widest pitch range with all partners suggesting that infant-directed context greatly influences these acoustic features.

Spectroscopic characterization of radicals formed by hydrogen-atom abstraction from γ-valerolactone and γ-butyrolactone.

γ-valerolactone (GVL) and its unmethylated counterpart, γ-butyrolactone (GBL), are important compounds with a wide range of potential uses. For example, GVL is proposed as an ideal alternative renewable energy source, while GBL can be utilized as an electrolyte. Understanding the combustion mechanisms of these compounds is crucial for optimizing their use as energy sources and monitoring the products formed during combustion.