Data-Driven Fault Detection and Diagnosis Methods in Wastewater Treatment Systems: A Comprehensive Review.

Wastewater treatment systems are essential for sustainable water resource management but face challenges such as equipment and sensor malfunctions, fluctuating influent conditions, and operational disturbances that compromise process stability and detection accuracy. To address these challenges, this paper systematically reviews data-driven fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) methods applied in wastewater treatment systems from 2014 to 2024, focusing on their applications, advancements, and limitations. Main contributions include an overview of key treatment processes, a detailed evaluation of fault types (process and sensor faults), advancements in multivariate statistical methods, machine learning (ML), and hybrid FDD techniques, as well as their effectiveness in anomaly detection, managing complex data distributions, and enabling real-time monitoring.

The associations between prenatal plastic phthalate exposure and lipid acylcarnitine levels in humans and mice.

Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental pollutants known for their endocrine-disrupting properties, particularly during critical periods such as pregnancy and early childhood. Phthalates alter lipid metabolism, but the role of prenatal exposure on the offspring lipidome is less understood. In particular, we focused on long chain acylcarnitines - intermediates of fatty acid oxidation that serve as potential biomarkers of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism.

Burden of vascular risk factors by age, sex, ethnicity and deprivation in young adults with and without newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Aims: Do associations between age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and vascular risk factors vary by ethnicity and deprivation?

Methods: Utilising the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we matched 16-50-year-old individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes to ∼10 individuals without using sex, age and primary care practice. Differences in BMI, obesity, LDL-cholesterol, HbA1c, and hypertension between individuals with vs without type 2 diabetes across sex, age, ethnicity and deprivation quintiles were explored using generalised linear models.

Results: We included 108,061 individuals (45.

Proposal to synonymize Neoplagioporus Shimazu, 1990 with Urorchis Ozaki, 1927; taxonomic revision and the description of Urorchis takahaya n. sp.

Urorchis Ozaki, 1927 and Neoplagioporus Shimazu, 1990 (Digenea: Opecoelidae: Sphaerostomatinae) comprise species parasitic in freshwater fishes of eastern Asia, although the status of these genera is questionable. We revised these genera, primarily using evidence from a molecular phylogeny based on nuclear ribosomal DNA, including new sequences of four known and one new species. Urorchis was part of the clade of Neoplagioporus species, rendering the genus Neoplagioporus paraphyletic.

Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia Part II: Etiopathogenesis and Management.

Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia (FFA) poses a distinct dermatological challenge with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) at its core, driving follicular cell transformation and fibrotic changes. Genetic studies highlight significant associations, while environmental triggers, such as implicated cosmetic products (sunblock, personal hair care products, and moisturizers), introduce complexity. Managing FFA proves daunting due to its chronic and unpredictable nature.

Novel oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Carcinogenesis, progression, and therapeutic targets.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary malignancy affecting the liver and the leading cause of mortality among individuals with cirrhosis. This complex disease is associated with various risk factors, including environmental, pathological, and genetic influences, which dysregulate gene expression crucial for the cell cycle and cellular/molecular pathways. The disruption of the balance between tumor suppressors and proto-oncogenes amplifies the pathogenic cascade.

Identification of pennaceous barbule cell factor (PBCF), a novel gene with spatiotemporal expression in barbule cells during feather development.

Bird contour feathers exhibit a complex hierarchical structure composed of a rachis, barbs, and barbules, with barbules playing a crucial role in maintaining feather structure and function. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying barbule formation is essential for advancing our knowledge of avian biology and evolution. In this study, we identified a novel gene, pennaceous barbule cell factor (PBCF), using microarray analysis, RT-PCR, and in situ hybridization.

Bupivacaine multivesicular liposomes/meloxicam nanocrystals in a thermosensitive gel adapted to the "microenvironment" for long-term analgesia.

Current analgesics on the market exhibit a short duration of action and induce the production of inflammatory factors in tissues damaged by surgical procedures. Inflammatory factor production can create acidic environments, limiting drug delivery. In this study, we developed a novel injectable formulation comprising bupivacaine multivesicular liposomes of high osmotic pressure (H-MVL) and meloxicam nanocrystals (MLX) in a thermosensitive gel (H-MVL/MLX@GEL) adapted to the microenvironment for long-term postoperative analgesia.

Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants Exposed to Prolonged Prelabor Rupture of Membranes before 24 Weeks of Gestation.

Background: Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) before or around the limit of fetal viability is associated with serious maternal and neonatal complications including chorioamnionitis, extremely preterm birth, and pulmonary hypoplasia.

Objectives: To describe contemporary outcomes of extremely preterm infants born after prolonged periviable PPROM, and to identify perinatal factors associated with survival and survival without severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI).

Study Design: Among actively treated infants born alive at <27 weeks' gestational age (GA) in centers of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network from 2012 to 2018, the outcomes of survival and survival without severe NDI at 22-26 months' corrected age were compared between infants exposed to prolonged (≥120 hours) periviable (<24 weeks' GA) PPROM and unexposed infants born after rupture of membranes ≤18 hours before delivery or at delivery, adjusting for birth GA, sex, multiple gestation, antenatal steroids, small for gestational age (SGA), insurance, and center.

Intercellular communication is crucial in the regulation of healthy aging via exosomes.

The hallmarks of aging encompass a variety of molecular categories (genomic, telomeric, and epigenetic), organelles (proteostasis, autophagy, and mitochondria), cellular components (including stem cells), systems (such as intercellular communication and chronic inflammation), and environmental factors (dysbiosis and nutrient sensing). These hallmarks play a crucial role in the aging process. Despite their intricate interconnections, the relationships among the hallmarks of aging remain unclear.

Associations of prenatal maternal psychosocial stress and depression with neurodevelopmental outcomes in 7.5-month-old infants in the ECHO.CA.IL prospective birth cohorts.

Background: Exposure to maternal stress and depression during pregnancy can have a marked impact on birth outcomes and child development, escalating the likelihood of preterm birth, lower birth weight, and various domains of physical and neurodevelopment.

Methods: The joint ECHO.CA.

Antimycobacterial activity of luteolin in resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and cytotoxicity on L929 cells.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) bacteria can cause oxidative stress and the production of inflammatory cytokines, creating an environment that enhances tumour formation, progression and metastasis. Epidemiological studies have found a link between lung cancer and tuberculosis (TB), but the cellular mechanism is still unclear.

High-yield soluble production of recombinant β-keratin from Gallus gallus feathers using an experimental design approach.

The search for new non-animal textile materials has increased yearly as environmental awareness and veganism continue to spread, driving the development of greener fabrics. Concurrently, β-keratin, a fibrous, resistant, and insoluble protein shows great potential for producing innovative biomaterials. However, β-keratin is naturally abundant in animal feathers.

A facile assay for zDHHC palmitoyl transferase activation elucidates effects of mutation and modification.

At least 10% of proteins constituting the human proteome are subject to S-acylation by a long-chain fatty acid, thioesterified to a Cys thiol side chain. Fatty S-acylation (prototypically, S-palmitoylation) operates across eukaryotic phylogeny and cell type. S-palmitoylation is carried out in mammalian cells by a family of 23-24 dedicated zDHHC palmitoyl transferase enzymes, and mutation of zDHHCs is associated with a number of human pathophysiologies.

Comparative Transcriptomic and Physiological Analysis of Extremophilic and Non-Extremophilic Fungi in Bioremediation of Cadmium (Cd) and Strontium (Sr).

Heavy metal and nuclide contamination pose increasing threats to the environment and public health. In this study, a comparative analysis was conducted on the bioremediation capabilities of the halophilic fungus Engyodontium album (E. album) and the non-halophilic fungus Trichoderma reesei (T.

Integrating the updated HONO formation mechanism to better understand urban O formation chemistry.

As a vital precursor of hydroxyl radicals (OH), atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) plays a significant role in tropospheric chemistry and the production of secondary pollutants. However, knowledge of its sources remains insufficient. To comprehensively investigate the HONO chemistry in polluted cities and alleviate the O pollution, based on a comprehensive HONO-related field campaign in Zibo City, on the North China Plain, the parameterized formulas of additional HONO sources were validated in a box model (based on the default MCMv3.

Machine Learning Assessment of Dredging Impacts on the Phytoplankton Community on the Brazilian Equatorial Margin: A Multivariate Analysis.

Dredging in estuarine systems significantly impacts phytoplankton communities, with suspended particulate matter (SPM) and dissolved aluminum (Al) serving as indicators of disturbance intensity. This study assessed the effects of dredging in the São Marcos Estuarine Complex (SMEC), Brazil, over three distinct events (2015, 2017, 2020), involving varying sediment volumes and climatic influences. Prolonged dredging operations and increased sediment volumes led to a pronounced 43.

Land-derived metals impact the survival and settlement of larval mussels.

Global declines in wild mussel populations and production have been linked to the impacts of climate change and pollution. Summer die-offs of mussels (Perna canaliculus), spat retention issues, and a severe decline in mussel spat settlement have been reported in the Marlborough Sounds, an important area for mussel farming in New Zealand. Preliminary evidence suggests that naturally occurring contaminants and changing land use in the surrounding areas, could contribute to the decline of this species.

Sub-lethal effects of innovative anti-corrosion nanoadditives on the marine bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum.

Corrosion significantly affects the maritime industry. To address this issue, corrosion inhibitors are incorporated into polymeric coatings. However, some state-of-the-art inhibitors are toxic, prone to spontaneous leaching, and interact with coating components.

Comparison of Vehicular Emissions at Different Altitudes: Characteristics and Policy Implications.

Applying real-world driving emissions (RDE) data to machine learning, this study investigated vehicular emission characteristics and reduction strategies in Tianjin and Xining, two cities at different altitudes. Significant differences in CO₂ and particulate number (PN) emissions were observed, primarily due to altitude-induced changes in air pressure, affecting air resistance and combustion efficiency. Driving conditions and emission standards were identified as key factors influencing emissions, with road grade and air pressure playing crucial roles at high altitudes.

Emission Reduction Characteristics of Heavy-Fuel Aircraft Piston Engine Fueled with 100% HEFA Sustainable Aviation Fuel.

With the projected expansion of the general aviation sector and recent breakthroughs in sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), accurately measuring emissions from novel aircraft engines powered by SAF is paramount for evaluating the role of aviation industry in emission reduction trends and environmental consequences. Current SAF research primarily centers on low blend ratios, neglecting data on 100% SAF. This study bridges this gap by experimentally determining emissions indices for gaseous pollutants (CO, CO, HC, NOx), total particulate matter (PM) counts and sizes, and non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM) number and mass concentrations from a heavy-fuel aircraft piston engines (HF-APE) using hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids-derived SAF (HEFA-SAF), adhering to airworthiness-standard sampling and measurement protocols.

Source-resolved black carbon and PM exposures during wildfires and prescribed burns.

Changes in climate and land-use have significantly increased both the frequency and intensity of wildland fires globally, exacerbating the potential for hazardous impacts on human health. A better understanding of particle exposure concentrations and scenarios is crucial for developing mitigation strategies to reduce the health risks. Here, PM and black carbon (BC) concentrations were monitored during wildland fires between 2022-2024, in fire-prone areas in Catalonia (NE Spain), by means of personal monitors (AirBeam2 and Micro-aethalometers AE51 and MA200).

Nitric oxide release as a defense mechanism in marine microalgae against microplastic-induced stress.

Nitric oxide (NO) has garnered significant attention as a critical regulatory factor and signaling molecule in plant growth. However, the effects of microplastic pollution on the release of NO by algae have not been reported. Thus, in this study, the release of NO by Skeletonema costatum and Gymnodinium sp.

Further insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying tobacco straw cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus by comparative transcriptome analyses.

Cultivation of edible mushrooms on straw can significantly reduce production costs, provide notable environmental and ecological benefits. However, the molecular mechanisms via which mushrooms utilize straw are not well understood. We conducted a comparative transcriptomic analysis of oyster mushrooms cultivated on two different biomass substrates, namely, corncob and tobacco straw at various developmental stages.

The stoichiometry of the α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors determines the pharmacological properties of the neonicotinoids, and recently introduced butenolide and sulfoximine.

Although neonicotinoids were considered safe for mammals for many decades, recent research has proven that these insecticides can alter cholinergic functions by interacting with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (nAChRs). One such receptor is the heteromeric α4β2 nAChR, which exists under two different stoichiometries: high sensitivity and low sensitivity α4β2 nAChRs. To replace these insecticides, new classes of insecticides have been developed, such as, sulfoximine, sulfoxaflor, and the butanolide, flupyradifurone.