Olfactory testing in infants with perinatal asphyxia: enhancing encephalopathy risk stratification for future health outcomes.

Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, often resulting in long-term neurodevelopmental challenges. Despite advancements in perinatal care, predicting long-term outcomes remains difficult. Early diagnosis is essential for timely interventions to reduce brain injury, with tools such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging, brain ultrasound, and emerging biomarkers playing a possible key role.

A Behavioral Screening Method for Predicting PTSD-like Phenotypes: Novel Application to Female Rats.

Background: Only a small percentage of trauma-exposed subjects develop PTSD, with females being twice as likely. Most rodent models focus on males and fail to account for inter-individual variability in females.

New Method: We tested a behavioral PTSD model in female rats to distinguish between susceptible and resilient individuals.

Screening a 681-membered yeast collection for the secretion of proteins with antifungal activity.

Fungal pathogens pose a threat to human health and food security. Few antifungals are available and resistance to all has been reported. Novel strategies to control plant and human pathogens as well as food spoilers are urgently required.

Diverse pathways for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: Integration and development of traditional and emerging therapies.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common central neurodegenerative disease in the world after Alzheimer's disease (AD), which mainly occurs in middle-aged and elderly people, and is increasing with the aging of the population. With the increasing incidence of PD, it is particularly important to explore its pathology and provide effective interventions and treatments. The pathogenesis of PD involves a variety of factors such as genetics, environment, and age, and is not yet fully understood.

Nitrate induced hepatic fibrosis in tadpoles of Bufo gargarizans by mediating alterations in toll-like receptor signaling pathways.

The nitrate pollution has become an increasingly serious environmental problem worldwide, and the toxic effects of elevated nitrate levels in the environment on aquatic animals remain to be elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of liver injury to tadpoles after exposure to nitrate from embryonic to metamorphic climax and to assess the recovery process of liver function after cessation of exposure. In the group with continuous nitrate exposure, the livers and thyroid of tadpoles showed remarkably histological lesions, of this with structural disorganization of the hepatocytes, cellular atrophy, and fibrosis, as well as significant reduction in the follicular and colloidal area of the thyroid.

Occurrence and transport of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the leachate of a municipal solid waste landfill in Tehran, Iran (a Middle-eastern megacity).

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are present in a variety of products that are disposed in landfills as waste and end up in landfill leachate which cause severe problems. The primary aim of this study was to detect PFAS in generated leachate in different sections of a process and disposal complex (called Aradkuh) located in Tehran, Iran. Due to techno economic limitations of measuring PFAS in Iran and easiness of measuring physicochemical parameters to determine PFAS concentration as well as better understanding of the mechanisms of these substances releases from landfills, this research aimed to evaluate the potential relationship between these parameters in landfill leachate.

Metallofullerenol Gd@C(OH) preserves human erythrocyte plasma membrane integrity from AAPH-induced oxidative stress: molecular mechanisms and antioxidant activity.

Metallofullerenols and fullerenols have attracted attention due to their remarkable ability to interact with various biologically relevant molecules, paving the way for biomedical applications, ranging from medical imaging techniques to drug carriers, acting with increased efficiency and reduced side effects. In this work, we investigated the effects of two fullerene derivatives, Gd@C(OH) and C(OH), on erythrocyte membrane components under oxidative stress conditions induced by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) as a source of peroxyl radicals. The results demonstrated that gadolinium encapsulation within the fullerene cage enhanced the electron affinity of Gd@C(OH), resulting in stronger antioxidant activity.

Bisphenol F (BPF) exposure impairs sperm quality and offspring development in male zebrafish.

Background: Bisphenol F (BPF), a substitute for bisphenol A (BPA), is widely used in consumer products, increasing the potential for environmental exposure. Our study investigated the reproductive effects of BPF on adult male zebrafish and explored its toxicological mechanisms, as well as its intergenerational effects.

Methods: Adult male zebrafish were exposed to BPF concentrations of 0, 50, 500, 2500, and 5000 nM for 21 days.

m6A modified ATG9A is required in regulating autophagy to promote HSCs activation and liver fibrosis.

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the central link of the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis, and autophagy promotes HSCs activation. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification can also control autophagy by targeting selected autophagy-associated genes. but up to now, little research has been done on the m6A modification autophagy-related genes (ATGs) in hepatic fibrosis.

TFEB-dependent autophagy-lysosomal pathway is required for NRF2-driven antioxidative action in obstructive sleep apnea-induced neuronal injury.

Nearly one billion individuals worldwide suffer from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and are potentially impacted by related neurodegeneration. TFEB is considered a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, but little is known about its role in neuronal oxidative stress and resultant injury induced by OSA. This study aimed to investigate these issues.

Cellulose-enhanced MoS bifunctional hydrogel for efficient methylene blue degradation, human body sensing, and recyclability.

In this study, the dispersion behavior of MoS₂ in ionic liquids (ILs) with varying alkyl chain lengths was the primary focus of investigation, followed by the design of a novel PAM/SMA/CMC/PDA@MoS hydrogel. By optimizing the concentrations of CMC and PDA@MoS, a bifunctional hydrogel with both sensing and catalytic functions was successfully developed. Mechanical tests revealed that the PAM/SMA/CMC/0.

A short review on polysaccharide-based nanocomposite adsorbents for separation and biomedical applications.

Polysaccharides such as chitosan, alginate, cellulose, and carrageenan have emerged as promising adsorbents due to their biodegradability, abundant availability, and diverse chemical functionality. These biopolymers exhibit promising performance for adsorption of a wide range of pollutants including heavy metals (e.g.

Flame retardancy and durability of cotton fabric modified with high-efficiency diboraspiro rings groups flame retardant.

The synthesis of highly efficient and environmentally friendly flame retardants through the synergistic interaction of boron, phosphorus and nitrogen is becoming a new research direction. In this study, N-DBSPA, a flame retardant with high flame retardancy, high thermal stability and high efficiency, was prepared by the reaction between pentaerythritol borate and amino trimethylene phosphate, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the modified cotton fabric increased from 18 % to 44.7 % at a weight gain (WG) of 20.

Sodium bisulfite boosted exopolysaccharide production by Auxenochlorella protothecoides: Potential mechanisms harnessing HO signaling and carbon reallocation.

Microalgal exopolysaccharides (EPS) possess significant functional benefits across various industrial sectors, but their commercial feasibility is constrained by inefficient synthesis and poorly understood synthesis mechanisms. This study found that 1.25 mmol/L sodium bisulfite promoted EPS accumulation to 224.

Sexual identity, sexual behavior, and drug use behaviors among people who use drugs in the rural U.S.

Introduction: People who use drugs (PWUD) are at risk of HIV infection, but the frequency and distribution of transmission-associated behaviors within rural communities is not well understood. Further, while interventions designed to more explicitly affirm individuals' sexual orientation and behaviors may be more effective, descriptions of behavior variability by orientation are lacking. We sought to describe how disease transmission behaviors and overdose risk vary by sexual orientation and activity among rural PWUD.

What are the levels and interactions of neuroligin-1, neuroligin-3, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8) in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder?

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social interaction, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Several genes, including synaptic proteins and environmental risk factors, play a role in the etiology of autism. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between neuroligin-1 (NLGN-1) and neuroligin-3 (NLGN-3) levels, which are neuronal cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-8) levels with disease severity and symptom clusters and with each other in children with ASD.

Association between epigenome-wide DNA methylation changes and early neurodevelopment in preschool children: Evidence from a former impoverished county in Central China.

Background: Existing epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) investigating the association between DNA methylation (DNAm) and child neurodevelopment have been predominantly conducted within Western populations, and yielded inconsistent results, leading to a significant gap within non-Western setting, particularly in resource-limited rural areas of Central China.

Objectives: To investigate the association between altered epigenome-wide DNAm and neurodevelopment in preschool children from resource-limited rural areas of Central China.

Methods: This case-control study involved 64 preschoolers.

Blastocystis in humans and domestic animals: Risk factors assessment and potential zoonotic transmission in a periurban and rural region of Northeastern Argentina.

Blastocystis is a protist that infects both human and animal hosts worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Blastocystis in humans and domestic animals living in a periurban (PZ) and rural zone (RZ) in Northeastern Argentina and to assess their relation to socio-environmental conditions and hygiene practices as risk factors for human infection. In addition, we identified Blastocystis subtypes to evaluate the risk of zoonotic transmission.

Computational identification and experimental validation of novel microRNAs along with their targets through RT-PCR approach.

Various metabolic and cell signaling processes impact the functions of sugarcane plant cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical regulatory roles in enhancing yield and providing protection against various stressors. This study seeks to identify and partially characterize several novel miRNAs in sugarcane using tools, while also offering a preliminary assessment of their functions.

Modulation of Protein-Protein Interactions with Molecular Glues in a Synthetic Condensate Platform.

Misregulation of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) underlies many diseases; hence, molecules that stabilize PPIs, known as molecular glues, are promising drug candidates. Identification of novel molecular glues is highly challenging among others because classical biochemical assays in dilute aqueous conditions have limitations for evaluating weak PPIs and their stabilization by molecular glues. This hampers the systematic discovery and evaluation of molecular glues.

"It's Allowing Space for Vulnerability": Exploring Athletes' Experiences With Trust in Interdependent Sport.

Despite trust being associated with a range of favorable outcomes across high-performing team contexts (e.g., enhanced satisfaction, performance), efforts to investigate the meaning of trust in sport remain limited.

Selective activation of mesoscale functional circuits via multichannel infrared stimulation of cortical columns in ultra-high-field 7T MRI.

To restore vision in the blind, advances in visual cortical prosthetics (VCPs) have offered high-channel-count electrical interfaces. Here, we design a 100-fiber optical bundle interface apposed to known feature-specific (color, shape, motion, and depth) functional columns that populate the visual cortex in humans, primates, and cats. Based on a non-viral optical stimulation method (INS, infrared neural stimulation; 1,875 nm), it can deliver dynamic patterns of stimulation, is non-penetrating and non-damaging to tissue, and is movable and removable.

A molecular dynamics investigation into manipulating graphene flake spacing for increased selectivity towards short chain PFAS capture.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmentally persistent contaminants that are often referred to as "Forever Chemicals". They are used in industrial and household products; however, they are resistant to degradation. Thus, PFAS contamination has become a wide-spread issue.

Biogeochemical study of spent gunshot fate in the environment: Influence of aggressive bacterial strain.

The hunting of waterfowl may contribute significantly to environmental contamination through the leaching of highly toxic elements (As, Pb, Sb) from spent gunshot deposited on hunting grounds. It is therefore clearly necessary to develop a biogeochemical protocol that might decipher the fate of spent gunshot in the environment. In that context, we present a study that follows the laboratory simulation approach and discusses the methodical pros and cons of the protocol.

Algal organic matter alters protistan community structure and assembly processes in coastal sediments.

Diatom blooms are a global ecological perturbation that releases algal organic matter (AOM), significantly affecting coastal ecosystems by altering microbial community dynamics. AOM, derived from algal cell lysis, may serve as a nutrient source influencing protistan communities. However, the effects of AOM on protistan ecology, including the community structure and assembly processes, remain largely unexplored in coastal sediments.