2,920,160 results match your criteria: "Environment & Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Cornwall UK.[Affiliation]"

In the current investigation, the efficiency inhibition of two newly synthesized bi-pyrazole derivatives, namely 2,3-bis[(bis((1 H-pyrazol-1-yl) methyl) amino)] pyridine (Tetra-Pz-Ortho) and 1,4-bis[(bis((1 H-pyrazol-1-yl) methyl) amino)] benzene (Tetra-Pz-Para) for corrosion of carbon steel (C&S) in 1 M HCl medium was evaluated. A Comparative study of inhibitor effect of Tetra-Pz-Ortho and Tetra-Pz-Para was conducted first using weight loss method and EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) and PDP (Potentiodynamic Polarisation) techniques. Tetra-Pz-Ortho and Tetra-Pz-Para had a maximum inhibition efficacy of 97.

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Several recent investigations into montane regions have reported on excess mercury accumulation in high-altitude forest ecosystems. This study explored the Singalila National Park, located on the Singalila ridge of the Eastern Himalayas, revealing substantial mercury contamination. Particular focus was on Sandakphu (3636 m), the highest peak in West Bengal, India.

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Early investigation revealed a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among social contacts of COVID-19 vaccinated individuals, referred to as indirect protection. However, indirect protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection-acquired immunity and its comparative strength and durability to vaccine-derived indirect protection in the current epidemiologic context of high levels of vaccination, prior infection, and novel variants are not well characterized. Here, we show that both vaccine-derived and infection-acquired immunity independently yield indirect protection to close social contacts with key differences in their strength and waning.

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Precession modulates the poleward expansion of atmospheric circulation to the Arctic Ocean.

Nat Commun

January 2025

Centre for Marine Magnetism (CM2, Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.

Under sustained global warming, Arctic climate is projected to become more responsive to changes in North Pacific meridional heat transport as a result of teleconnections between low and high latitudes, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we reconstruct subarctic humidity changes over the past 400 kyr to investigate the role of low-to-high latitude interactions in regulating Arctic hydroclimate. Our reconstruction is based on precipitation-driven sediment input variations in the Subarctic North Pacific (SANP), which reveal a strong precessional cycle in subarctic humidity under the relatively low eccentricity variations that dominated the past four glacial-interglacial cycles.

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Peer victimization has been demonstrated to have a long-lasting negative impact on adolescents' psychological well-being, yet its impact on school engagement is inconclusive, particularly during high school. In addition, research about the role of classroom-level victimization in the association between individual-level peer victimization and adolescents' school engagement remains underexplored. Previous research has relied solely on self-report measures to assess peer victimization, potentially limiting the scope of understanding.

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Utilization of Chlorella vulgaris methyl ester blend with diethyl ether to mitigate emissions of an unaltered single cylinder ci engine.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

January 2025

Engine Testing Laboratory, Department of Automobile Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.

The present work emphasizes the viability of methyl ester production, characterization, and utilization of third-generation biofuel from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae. The presence of methyl oleate (CHO) in the Chlorella vulgaris methyl ester (CVME) algae signifies the existence of higher oxidation stability and prone to peroxidation. The single-stage transesterified CVME algae contains majorly (C-H) functional group trailed by (C = O), (C-O), (O-CH), (C-O-C) with the elemental compositions of 66.

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Pollution is one of the main factors that threaten biodiversity nowadays. Plastic waste is a global problem which impacts not only on the marine environment but also on the terrestrial one. Great amounts of this kind of refuse are compiled in landfills, where lots of avian species feed.

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The adoption of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is increasingly prevalent, driven by the global initiative to conserve energy and reduce emissions. Nevertheless, CCUS has the potential to induce corrosion in equipment, particularly in high-pressure environments containing carbon dioxide (CO). Therefore, anti-corrosion protection is necessary for the metal utilized for CO production and storage equipment.

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Medical Imaging Data Strategies for Catalyzing AI Medical Device Innovation.

J Imaging Inform Med

January 2025

Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.

Continuous and consistent access to quality medical imaging data stimulates innovations in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for patient care. Breakthrough innovations in data-driven AI technologies are founded on seamless communication between data providers, data managers, data users and regulators or other evaluators to determine the standards for quality data. However, the complexity in imaging data quality and heterogeneous nature of AI-enabled medical devices and their intended uses presents several challenges limiting the clinical translation of novel AI technologies.

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A spatial assessment of temporal forest cover changes is essential for effective forest conservation and management practices. This study analyzes changes in forest cover and the evolution of forest spatial configuration using Landsat satellite imagery over the past three decades (1990-2020) in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan. To achieve the objectives, landscape metrics and forest fragmentation analyses were applied.

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Ariasa iporaensis n. sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Fidicinini): An Uncommon Brazilian Dry Season Cicada.

Neotrop Entomol

January 2025

Lab de Biologia, Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Univ Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.

The cicada Ariasa iporaensis n. sp. is described.

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Alien toxic toads suppress individual growth and phenotypic development of native predatory salamanders.

Oecologia

January 2025

Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Takaoka, Tomakomai, Hokkaido, 053-0035, Japan.

Alien species can influence populations of native species through individual-level effects such as predation, competition, and poisoning. For alien species that possess strong defensive chemicals, poisoning is one of the most powerful mechanisms of individual-level effects on native biota. Although toxic alien species could potentially negatively affect survival (lethal effects) or life history traits (sub-lethal effects) of native predators via poisoning, previous studies have mainly focused on acute lethal effects.

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The Role of Gut Microbiota in Shaping Immune Responses in Tephritidae Fruit Fly and Prospective Implications for Management.

Neotrop Entomol

January 2025

State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Bio Pesticide and Chemical Biology, MOE, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ, Fuzhou, China.

The interaction of microbial communities with host immunity has become one of the most explored research areas with significant implications for pest control strategies. It has been found that the gut microbiota plays substantial roles in immune response regulation and host-gut microbiome symbiosis, as well as in pathogen resistance and overall fitness in Tephritidae fruit flies that are major pests of agricultural importance. In this review, we discuss the modulation of immune responses of Tephritidae fruit flies by the gut microbiota with particular emphasis on the general interactions between microbiota and the immune system.

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Evaporation or freezing of water-rich fluids with dilute concentrations of dissolved salts can produce brines, as observed in closed basins on Earth and detected by remote sensing on icy bodies in the outer Solar System. The mineralogical evolution of these brines is well understood in regard to terrestrial environments, but poorly constrained for extraterrestrial systems owing to a lack of direct sampling. Here we report the occurrence of salt minerals in samples of the asteroid (101955) Bennu returned by the OSIRIS-REx mission.

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The thiol-ene reaction between an alkene and a thiol can be exploited for selective labelling of cysteine residues in protein profiling applications. Here, we explore thiol-ene activation in systems from chemical models to complex cellular milieus, using UV, visible wavelength and redox initiators. Initial studies in chemical models required an oxygen-free environment for efficient coupling and showed very poor activation when using a redox initiator.

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Purpose: The number of delivery workers (DW) has grown significantly with the rise of the platform economy. Evidence suggests that the working conditions faced by these workers are precarious, however, less is known about the health implications among workers. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of mental disorders (MD) and occupational factors related to this condition among DW.

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Evaluation of the Digital Ventilated Cage® system for circadian phenotyping.

Sci Rep

January 2025

Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.

The study of circadian rhythms has been critically dependent upon analysing mouse home cage activity, typically employing wheel running activity under different lighting conditions. Here we assess a novel method, the Digital Ventilated Cage (DVC, Tecniplast SpA, Italy), for circadian phenotyping. Based upon capacitive sensors mounted under black individually ventilated cages with inbuilt LED lighting, each cage becomes an independent light-controlled chamber.

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Unexpected species diversity in the understanding of selenium-containing soil invertebrates.

Sci Rep

January 2025

Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei, China.

Yutangba, situated in Enshi City, Hubei Province, is globally noted for its high selenium (Se) content. Soil invertebrates are essential to the functionality and services of terrestrial ecosystems, yet their community composition in this region remains under-explored. This study utilized environmental DNA metabarcoding to investigate the interrelations among environmental factors, soil invertebrate diversity, and community characteristics concerning soil Se content, pH, and moisture content in the region.

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Agricultural Practices and Environmental Factors Drive Microbial Communities in the Mezcal-Producing Agave angustifolia Haw.

Microb Ecol

January 2025

Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, León, Guanajuato, México.

Mezcal, a traditional Mexican alcoholic beverage, has been a vital source of livelihood for indigenous and rural communities for centuries. However, increasing international demand is exerting pressure on natural resources and encouraging intensive agricultural practices. This study investigates the impact of management practices (wild, traditional, and conventional) and environmental factors on the microbial communities associated with Agave angustifolia, a key species in mezcal production.

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In subsurface methanogenic ecosystems, the ubiquity of methylated-compound-using archaea-methylotrophic methanogens-implies that methylated compounds have an important role in the ecology and carbon cycling of such habitats. However, the origin of these chemicals remains unclear as there are no known energy metabolisms that generate methylated compounds de novo as a major product. Here we identified an energy metabolism in the subsurface-derived thermophilic anaerobe Zhaonella formicivorans that catalyses the conversion of formate to methanol, thereby producing methanol without requiring methylated compounds as an input.

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Extreme droughts generally decrease productivity in grassland ecosystems with negative consequences for nature's contribution to people. The extent to which this negative effect varies among grassland types and over time in response to multi-year extreme drought remains unclear. Here, using a coordinated distributed experiment that simulated four years of growing-season drought (around 66% rainfall reduction), we compared drought sensitivity within and among six representative grasslands spanning broad precipitation gradients in each of Eurasia and North America-two of the Northern Hemisphere's largest grass-dominated regions.

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Global meta-analysis shows action is needed to halt genetic diversity loss.

Nature

January 2025

International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Conservation Genetics Specialist Group (CGSG), .

Mitigating loss of genetic diversity is a major global biodiversity challenge. To meet recent international commitments to maintain genetic diversity within species, we need to understand relationships between threats, conservation management and genetic diversity change. Here we conduct a global analysis of genetic diversity change via meta-analysis of all available temporal measures of genetic diversity from more than three decades of research.

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Turnover in species composition through time is a dominant form of biodiversity change, which has profound effects on the functioning of ecological communities. Turnover rates differ markedly among communities, but the drivers of this variation across taxa and realms remain unknown. Here we analyse 42,225 time series of species composition from marine, terrestrial and freshwater assemblages, and show that temporal rates of turnover were consistently faster in locations that experienced faster temperature change, including both warming and cooling.

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