Transcriptome Analysis of CGMCC 20445 Responses to Different Acidity Levels During Acetic Acid Fermentation.

In the industrial production of high-acidity vinegar, the initial ethanol and acetic acid concentrations are limiting factors that will affect acetic acid fermentation. In this study, CGMCC 20445 was used for acetic acid shake flask fermentation at an initial ethanol concentration of 4.3% (v/v).

Potentiation of the activity of Escherichia coli chaperone DnaJ by tailing hyper-acidic minipeptides.

The chaperone network plays an essential role in cellular protein homeostasis. However, some core components often coaggregate with misfolded proteins for sequestration and dysfunction, leading to abnormal cell proteostasis, aggregation-associated disorders, and poor solubility of overexpressed recombinant proteins. Among them, DnaJ or its ortholog, an obligate co-chaperone in the tripartite DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE system, is of more implications, probably due to its intrinsic propensity for aggregation.

A comprehensive study of the genotoxic and anti-genotoxic effects of homocysteine in HUVECs and mouse bone marrow cells.

Elevated Homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with increased risk of vascular disease, but whether it induces genotoxicity to vascular endothelial cells remains unknown. Here, we conducted a comprehensive study of the genotoxicity, and unexpected anti-genotoxicity, of Hcy by cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay in HUVECs and erythrocyte micronucleus test in mouse bone marrow cells. Our experiments led to several important findings.

Biotechnological Aspects of Salt-Tolerant Xylanases: A Review.

β-1,4-Xylan is the main component of hemicelluloses in land plant cell walls, whereas β-1,3-xylan is widely found in seaweed cell walls. Complete hydrolysis of xylan requires a series of synergistically acting xylanases. High-saline environments, such as saline-alkali lands and oceans, frequently occur in nature and are also involved in a broad range of various industrial processes.

Transcriptome response of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings to heat stress.

Among stresses, heat stress (HS) is a prime factor restricting plant growth and productivity. However, the molecular mechanisms of plants' response to HS need to be further uncovered. Here, the transcriptome response of maize seedlings to HS was dissected using transcriptome data analysis.

miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network Reveals miRNAs in HCT116 in Response to Folic Acid Deficiency via Regulating Vital Genes of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway.

Moderate folic acid (FA) intake is an effective strategy that slows colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. However, high consumption of FA may trigger the transition of precancerous tissue towards malignancy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are considered to be potential biomarkers of CRC.

Decoding and rejuvenating human ageing genomes: Lessons from mosaic chromosomal alterations.

One of the most curious findings emerged from genome-wide studies over the last decade was that genetic mosaicism is a dominant feature of human ageing genomes. The clonal dominance of genetic mosaicism occurs preceding the physiological and physical ageing and associates with propensity for diseases including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. These findings are revolutionizing the ways biologists thinking about health and disease pathogenesis.

Analysis of Saccharification Products of High-Concentration Glutinous Rice Fermentation by Q3 and Alcoholic Fermentation of GY-1.

A two-stage process was used to prepare rice alcohol, i.e., saccharification of glutinous rice by Q3, followed by fermentation.

Extract of bulbus of Fritillaria cirrhosa induces spindle multipolarity in human-derived colonic epithelial NCM460 cells through promoting centrosome fragmentation.

Bulbus of Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (BFC), an outstanding antitussive and expectorant herbal drug used in China and many other countries, has potential but less understood genotoxicity. Previously, we have reported that aqueous extract of BFC compromised the spindle assembly checkpoint and cytokinesis in NCM460 cells.

Sequencing and characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of (Rosaceae).

is a species which is endemic to China. We utilized next-generation Illumina sequencing technology to sequence and assemble its chloroplast genome. The 160,137 bp genome contained four main sections, including a pair of inverted repeat regions which were 26,332 bp in length, and a small single-copy region was 19,418 bp, as well as a large single-copy region, which was 88,055 bp.

Improving low-temperature activity and thermostability of exo-inulinase InuAGN25 on the basis of increasing rigidity of the terminus and flexibility of the catalytic domain.

Enzymes displaying high activity at low temperatures and good thermostability are attracting attention in many studies. However, improving low-temperature activity along with the thermostability of enzymes remains challenging. In this study, the mutant Mut8S, including eight sites (N61E, K156R, P236E, T243K, D268E, T277D, Q390K, and R409D) mutated from the exo-inulinase InuAGN25, was designed on the basis of increasing the number of salt bridges through comparison between the low-temperature-active InuAGN25 and thermophilic exo-inulinases.

Short-term in vitro glutamine restriction differentially impacts the chromosomal stability of transformed and non-transformed cells.

Glutamine (Gln) is a non-essential amino acid central for generating building blocks and cellular energy in tumours and rapidly proliferating non-transformed cells. However, the influence of Gln on regulating chromosomal stability of transformed and non-transformed cells remain poorly understand. We hypothesised that Gln is required for maintaining a homeostatic level of chromosomal stability.

Polystoma luohetong n. sp. (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from Rana chaochiaoensis Liu (Amphibia: Ranidae) in China.

Polystoma chaochiaoensis from the urinary bladder of the chaochiao frog Rana chaochiaoensis Liu was briefly described in a symposium abstract and presented at the Third Symposium on Parasitology of China in 1990. Types were not assigned and the original specimens collected are no longer available. The morphological description was incomplete and no illustrations were provided.

[Progress on loss-of-function hypothesis of presenilin-1 mutations in Alzheimer diseases].

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-related neurodegenerative disease and is associated with the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in patient brains. AD can be classified into the familial type and sporadic type. () is the major risk gene for familial AD (fAD) because its mutations comprised over 80%of the total mutations causing fAD.

Small but strong: Mutational and functional landscapes of micronuclei in cancer genomes.

Micronuclei, small spatially-separated, nucleus-like structures, are a common feature of human cancer cells. There are considerable heterogeneities in the sources, structures and genetic activities of micronuclei. Accumulating evidence suggests that micronuclei and main nuclei represent separate entities with respect to DNA replication, DNA damage sensing and repairing capacity because micronuclei are not monitored by the same checkpoints nor covered by the same nuclear envelope as the main nuclei.

Removal of N-terminal tail changes the thermostability of the low-temperature-active exo-inulinase InuAGN25.

Exo-inulinases are members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 and function by hydrolyzing inulin into fructose with yields up to 90-95%. The N-terminal tail contributes to enzyme thermotolerance, which plays an important role in enzyme applications. However, the role of N-terminal amino acid residues in the thermal performance and structural properties of exo-inulinases remains to be elucidated.

Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of Salt-Tolerant Trehalose-6-Phosphate Hydrolases Identified by Screening and Sequencing Salt-Tolerant Clones From the Metagenomic Library of the Gastrointestinal Tract.

The exploration and utilization of microbial salt-tolerant enzymatic and genetic resources are of great significance in the field of biotechnology and for the research of the adaptation of microorganisms to extreme environments. The presence of new salt-tolerant genes and enzymes in the microbial metagenomic library of the gastrointestinal tract has been confirmed through metagenomic technology. This paper aimed to identify and characterize enzymes that confer salt tolerance in the gastrointestinal tract microbe.

Karyomorphology of three endemic plants (Brassicaceae: Euclidieae and Arabideae) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its significance.

In the paper, chromosome number and karyotype of three endemic genera from China are reported for the first time. Our results show that has a karyotype formula 2n = 2x = 14 = 6 m + 8sm and belongs to Stebbins-3A; karyotype formula is 2n = 2x = 14 = 10 m + 4sm (2sat) and belongs to Stebbins-1A; karyotype formula is 2n = 2x = 16 = 12 m (2sat) + 4sm and belongs to Stebbins-1A. and are monospecific genera belonging to tribe Euclidieae and both have a basic chromosome x = 7.

Understanding the birth of rupture-prone and irreparable micronuclei.

Micronuclei are extra-nuclear bodies mainly derived from ana-telophase lagging chromosomes/chromatins (LCs) that are not incorporated into primary nuclei at mitotic exit. Unlike primary nuclei, most micronuclei are enclosed by nuclear envelope (NE) that is highly susceptible to spontaneous and irreparable rupture. Ruptured micronuclei act as triggers of chromothripsis-like chaotic chromosomal rearrangements and cGAS-mediated innate immunity and inflammation, raising the view that micronuclei play active roles in human aging and tumorigenesis.

High homocysteine promotes telomere dysfunction and chromosomal instability in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

Telomeres, specialized structures at the ends of linear chromosomes, protect chromosome ends from degradation, recombination, and mis-repair. Critically short telomere length (TL) may result in chromosome instability (CIN), causing tumor promotion and, at higher levels, cell death and tumor suppression. Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid involved in one-carbon metabolism.

Regulative role of calcium signaling on methylglyoxal-improved heat tolerance in maize ( L) seedlings.

Nowadays, calcium (Ca) and methylglyoxal (MG) are all deemed to be second messengers in plants, which participate in various physiological processes, such as seed germination, seedling establishment, plant growth and development, as well as response to environmental stress. However, the Ca-MG interaction in the development of thermotolerance in maize seedlings remains unclear. Here, using maize seedlings as materials, the crosstalk between Ca and MG signaling in the acquisition of thermotolerance was explored.

Interplay between hydrogen sulfide and methylglyoxal initiates thermotolerance in maize seedlings by modulating reactive oxidative species and osmolyte metabolism.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) and methylglyoxal (MG) were supposed to be novel signaling molecules in plants. However, whether interplay between HS and MG can initiate thermotolerance in maize seedlings and in relation to metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and osmolytes is little known. In this study, watering with MG and NaHS (HS donor) alone or in combination elevated survival and tissue vigor of maize seedlings under heat stress and coped with an increase in the biomembrane injury (as indicated in membrane lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage).

Development of a whole-cell biocatalyst for diisobutyl phthalate degradation by functional display of a carboxylesterase on the surface of Escherichia coli.

Background: Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers or additives during the industrial manufacturing of plastic products. PAEs have been detected in both aquatic and terrestrial environments due to their overuse. Exposure of PAEs results in human health concerns and environmental pollution.

Transcriptomic Analysis of () GS115 During Heterologous Protein Production Using a High-Cell-Density Fed-Batch Cultivation Strategy.

() is a methylotrophic yeast that is widely used in industry as a host system for heterologous protein expression. Heterologous gene expression is typically facilitated by strongly inducible promoters derived from methanol utilization genes or constitutive glycolytic promoters. However, protein production is usually accomplished by a fed-batch induction process, which is known to negatively affect cell physiology, resulting in limited protein yields and quality.