Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Wheat 14-3-3 Genes Unravels the Role of TaGRF6-A in Salt Stress Tolerance by Binding MYB Transcription Factor.

14-3-3 proteins are a large multigenic family of general regulatory factors (GRF) ubiquitously found in eukaryotes and play vital roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and response to stress stimuli. However, so far, no comprehensive investigation has been performed in the hexaploid wheat. In the present study, A total of 17 potential 14-3-3 gene family members were identified from the Chinese Spring whole-genome sequencing database.

Mycorrhizal response strategies of trifoliate orange under well-watered, salt stress, and waterlogging stress by regulating leaf aquaporin expression.

Aquaporins (AQPs) involved in water and small molecule transport respond to environmental stress, while it is not clear how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) regulate AQP expression. Here, we investigated the change in leaf water potential and expression level of four tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), six plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), and four nodin-26 like intrinsic proteins (NIPs) genes in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae under well-watered (WW), salt stress (SS), and waterlogging stress (WS). Root AMF colonization and soil hyphal length collectively were reduced by SS and WS.

Genome-wide analysis of growth-regulating factors (GRFs) in .

The Growth-Regulating Factor (GRF) family encodes a type of plant-specific transcription factor (TF). GRF members play vital roles in plant development and stress response. Although GRF family genes have been investigated in a variety of plants, they remain largely unstudied in bread wheat ( L.

Omics: The way forward to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in L.

Plant abiotic stresses negative affects growth and development, causing a massive reduction in global agricultural production. Rapeseed ( L.) is a major oilseed crop because of its economic value and oilseed production.

Rice-crayfish systems are not a panacea for sustaining cleaner food production.

Integrated rice-crayfish systems are expanding rapidly and are the most widely applied planting-breeding modes in Jianghan Plain in China. We conducted nutrient use efficiency, economic, and emergy analysis of three rice production modes, namely, rice monoculture (RM), rice-crayfish rotation (RCR), and rice-crayfish coculture (RCC), in Jingzhou City, which is located in the Jianghan Plain. Compared with RM mode, rice-crayfish systems using the RCR and RCC modes increased rice yield by 5-7%, showed more than 8% higher chemical nutrient use efficiency, and increased the value-to-cost ratio from 1.

Micro-FTIR combined with curve fitting method to study cellulose crystallinity of developing cotton fibers.

This study aimed to use micro-FTIR with transmission mode to investigate cellulose crystallinity of developing cotton fibers. Compared with ATR-FTIR method, we found that micro-FTIR can obtain more information of cellulose inside of the developing cotton fibers, especially in high wavenumber of 2800-3000 cm region. Combined with curve fitting method, a new IR crystallinity index (CI) method named wax crystallinity index (WCI) was introduced to evaluate the cellulose crystallinity in the development of cotton fibers based on the peak and area ratios of 2900 cm/2850 cm and 2900 cm/2920 cm.

Structural and functional variations of phytoplankton communities in the face of multiple disturbances.

The global decline of freshwater biodiversity caused by climate change and human activities are supposed to disrupt ecosystem services related to water quality and alter the structure and function of aquatic communities across space and time, yet the effects of the combination of these factors on plankton community ecosystem has received relatively little attention. This study aimed to explore the impacts of disturbances (e.g.

Transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome reveal the mechanism of tolerance to selenate toxicity in Cardamine violifolia.

Cardamine violifolia was found here to accumulate selenium (Se) to over 9000 mg kg dry weight. To investigate the mechanism of Se accumulation and tolerance in C. violifolia, metabolome, transcriptome, and proteome technologies were applied to C.

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Important Roles of Lignin and Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathways in Rice Thermotolerance During Reproductive Stage.

Rice is one of the major staple cereals in the world, but heat stress is increasingly threatening its yield. Analyzing the thermotolerance mechanism from new thermotolerant germplasms is very important for rice improvement. Here, physiological and transcriptome analyses were used to characterize the difference between two germplasms, heat-sensitive MH101 and heat-tolerant SDWG005.

Characterization of Drought-Responsive Transcriptome During Seed Germination in Adzuki Bean ( L.) by PacBio SMRT and Illumina Sequencing.

The full-length single-molecular sequencing and short reads Illumina sequencing were combined to generate the transcripts of adzuki bean with high-quality. A total of 17,636 loci and 60,454 transcripts were detected in this study. To characterize the drought-responsive genes during seed germination in adzuki bean, two varieties, i.

Genome-Wide Mining of Wheat Gene Family Provides New Insights Into Salt Stress Responses.

Domain of unknown function (DUF) proteins constitute a great deal of families of functionally uncharacterized proteins in eukaryotes. The DUF966 gene family is found in monocotyledons, dicotyledons, mosses, and other species. However, little is known about the functions of DUF966 genes in wheat ( L.

On the use of chemotaxonomy, a phytoplankton identification and quantification method based on pigment for quick surveys of subtropical reservoirs.

Traditionally, composition and biomass of phytoplankton communities are determined by microscopy, but this method is time-consuming and so does not allow for high-frequency data acquisition across space and time. Pigment-based chemotaxonomy (CHEMTAX) is now widely applied to study of phytoplankton community structure on broader spatial and temporal scales of oceans, but the ability of this approach to provide estimates of phytoplankton assemblage in freshwater ecosystems is yet underdeveloped. To investigate the efficiency of the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-CHEMTAX in quantifying the different phytoplankton groups in inland freshwater, we present a comparison between phytoplankton pigment analyses by HPLC with CHEMTAX and microscopic counting of phytoplankton samples from four subtropical reservoirs in January and July 2014, respectively.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of SRO gene family in wheat: Molecular evolution and expression profiles during different stresses.

SRO (SIMILAR TO RCD ONE), a type of plant-specific small protein family, play important roles in plant growth and development, as well as in response to biotic/abiotic stresses. Although characterization of SROs have been performed in model plants, little is known about their function in wheat, especially under stress conditions. In this study, 30 SRO genes were identified from the wheat genome (TaSRO).

Root morphological traits and distribution in direct-seeded rice under dense planting with reduced nitrogen.

Water and nutrient absorption from soil by crops mainly depend on the morphological traits and distribution of the crop roots. Dense planting with reduced nitrogen is a sustainable strategy for improving grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency. However, there is little information on the effects of dense planting with reduced nitrogen on direct-seeded inbred rice.

Evolution of Abscisic Acid Signaling for Stress Responses to Toxic Metals and Metalloids.

Toxic heavy metals and metalloids in agricultural ecosystems are crucial factors that limit global crop productivity and food safety. Industrial toxic heavy metals and metalloids such as cadmium, lead, and arsenic have contaminated large areas of arable land in the world and their accumulation in the edible parts of crops is causing serious health risks to humans and animals. Plants have co-evolved with various concentrations of these toxic metals and metalloids in soil and water.

Chemical Composition and Attractant Activity of Volatiles from to The Spring Aphid .

Maxim, a type of sumac, is an economically important tree widely cultivated in mountainous areas of western and central China. A gall, called the bellied gallnut, induced by the aphid, Takagi, is important in the food, medical, and chemical industries in China. Volatiles from were found to attract , but little is known about them.

Inbred varieties outperformed hybrid rice varieties under dense planting with reducing nitrogen.

Field experiments were conducted over two years to evaluate the effects of planting density and nitrogen input rate on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of inbred and hybrid rice varieties. A significant interaction effect was observed between nitrogen input and planting density on grain yield. Higher number of panicles per square meter and spikelets per panicle largely accounted for the observed advantage in performance of inbred, relative to hybrid varieties.

Four distinct isolates of Helminthosporium victoriae virus 190S identified from Bipolaris maydis.

Helminthosporium victoriae virus 190S (HvV190S) is the type species of the genus Victorivirus under the family Totiviridae. To date, HvV190S has never been found in places outside of the USA and has Helminthosporium victoriae as its only know natural host fungus in the field. Here, we report the identification of 4 double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses from Bipolaris maydis in Hubei province of China.

Abscisic acid mediated proline biosynthesis and antioxidant ability in roots of two different rice genotypes under hypoxic stress.

Background: Abscisic acid (ABA) and proline play important roles in rice acclimation to different stress conditions. To study whether cross-talk exists between ABA and proline, their roles in rice acclimation to hypoxia, rice growth, root oxidative damage and endogenous ABA and proline accumulation were investigated in two different rice genotypes ('Nipponbare' (Nip) and 'Upland 502' (U502)).

Results: Compared with U502 seedlings, Nip seedlings were highly tolerant to hypoxic stress, with increased plant biomass and leaf photosynthesis and decreased root oxidative damage.

Genome-wide identification, characterization analysis and expression profiling of auxin-responsive GH3 family genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Auxin affects many aspects of plant growth and development by regulating the expression of auxin-responsive genes. As one of the three major auxin-responsive families the Gretchen Hagen3 (GH3) gene family maintains hormonal homeostasis by conjugating excess indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA) to amino acids during hormone and stress-related signaling. Although some work has been carried out the functions of wheat GH3 (TaGH3) family genes in response to abiotic stresses (including salt stress and osmotic stress) are largely unknown.

Transcriptome profile analysis of two Vicia faba cultivars with contrasting salinity tolerance during seed germination.

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important food legume crop. Salinity soils severely constrain the production of faba bean, however, the seed germination of faba bean, which is a vital plant growth stage, is sensitive to salinity.