Multi-Task Federated Split Learning Across Multi-Modal Data with Privacy Preservation.

With the advancement of federated learning (FL), there is a growing demand for schemes that support multi-task learning on multi-modal data while ensuring robust privacy protection, especially in applications like intelligent connected vehicles. Traditional FL schemes often struggle with the complexities introduced by multi-modal data and diverse task requirements, such as increased communication overhead and computational burdens. In this paper, we propose a novel privacy-preserving scheme for multi-task federated split learning across multi-modal data (MTFSLaMM).

Enhancing Manufacturing Precision: Leveraging Motor Currents Data of Computer Numerical Control Machines for Geometrical Accuracy Prediction Through Machine Learning.

Direct verification of the geometric accuracy of machined parts cannot be performed simultaneously with active machining operations, as it usually requires subsequent inspection with measuring devices such as coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) or optical 3D scanners. This sequential approach increases production time and costs. In this study, we propose a novel indirect measurement method that utilizes motor current data from the controller of a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine in combination with machine learning algorithms to predict the geometric accuracy of machined parts in real-time.

Tribological Performance of Short Fibers Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composite Materials Under Water-Lubricated Condition.

The water-lubricated bearing plays a crucial role in the ship propulsion system, significantly impacting vessel safety. However, under the harsh working conditions of low-speed and heavy-load, the lubrication state of water-lubricated bearings is usually poor, leading to serious friction and wear. To improve the tribological performance of composites and reduce friction, three short fibers (ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene fibers, basalt fibers, and bamboo fibers) with the same mass fraction (5%) were added into the melted thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).

Effects of Enterobacter cloacae extract, selenium nanoparticles and methyl jasmonate on shoot liquid cultures of Sarcocornia fruticosa under salinity stress.

Background: The in vitro propagation of halophytes is innovative perspective for sustainable agriculture, conservation of natural plants and essential raw materials for industry due to increasing soil salinization and decreasing freshwater availability. Sarcocornia fruticosa, a halophytic plant, may hold promise for biosaline production systems and achieve bioactive products. Understanding the salt tolerance mechanisms of halophytes through elicitors can enhance the production of secondary metabolites, such as phenolics and flavonoids, under saline environment.

Supramolecular Engineering of Nanoceria for Management and Amelioration of Age-Related Macular Degeneration via the Two-Level Blocking of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV), is the global leading cause of irreversible blindness. Current first-line therapeutics, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonists, often yield incomplete and suboptimal vision improvement, necessitating the exploration of novel and efficacious therapeutic approaches. Herein, a supramolecular engineering strategy to construct moringin (MOR) loaded α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) coated nanoceria (M@CCNP) is constructed, where the hydroxy and newly formed carbonyl groups of α-CD interact with the nanoceria surface via O─Ce conjunction and the isothiocyanate group of MOR inserts deeply into the α-CD cavity via host-guest interaction.

Direct View of Gate-Tunable Miniband Dispersion in Graphene Superlattices Near the Magic Twist Angle.

Superlattices from twisted graphene mono- and bilayer systems give rise to on-demand many-body states such as Mott insulators and unconventional superconductors. These phenomena are ascribed to a combination of flat bands and strong Coulomb interactions. However, a comprehensive understanding is lacking because the low-energy band structure strongly changes when an electric field is applied to vary the electron filling.

Modeling ethanol/water adsorption in all-silica zeolites using the real adsorbed solution theory.

A comprehensive set of single-component and binary isotherms were collected for ethanol/water adsorption into the siliceous forms of 185 known zeolites using grand-canonical Monte Carlo simulations. Using these data, a systematic analysis of ideal/real adsorbed-solution theory (IAST/RAST) was conducted and activity coefficients were derived for ethanol/water mixtures adsorbed in different zeolites based on RAST. It was found that activity coefficients of ethanol are close to unity while activity coefficients of water are larger in most zeolites, indicating a positive excess free energy of the mixture.

Calcium alginate reinforced zwitterionic double network hydrogel with mechanical robustness and antimicrobial activity for freshwater shrimp spoilage detection.

Hydrogel indicators promise to monitor food spoilage, but their poor mechanics can cause defects in transport. Herein, a novel zwitterionic double network (DN) hydrogel was developed by polymerizing arylamide and sulfobetaine methacrylate in an alginate-Ca system. This hydrogel exhibited enhanced mechanical properties, including a maximum 2087 % breaking elongation and 135 ± 12 kJ/m toughness, significantly outperforming the current zwitterionic DN hydrogels, which typically exhibit less than 1800 % breaking elongation, capable of supporting 150 g-136 times its own weight.

A metric and its derived protein network for evaluation of ortholog database inconsistency.

Background: Ortholog prediction, essential for various genomic research areas, faces growing inconsistencies amidst the expanding array of ortholog databases. The common strategy of computing consensus orthologs introduces additional arbitrariness, emphasizing the need to examine the causes of such inconsistencies and identify proteins susceptible to prediction errors.

Results: We introduce the Signal Jaccard Index (SJI), a novel metric rooted in unsupervised genome context clustering, designed to assess protein similarity.

Thickness-dependent polaron crossover in tellurene.

Polarons, quasiparticles from electron-phonon coupling, are crucial for material properties including high-temperature superconductivity and colossal magnetoresistance. However, scarce studies have investigated polaron formation in low-dimensional materials with phonon polarity and electronic structure transitions. In this work, we studied polarons of tellurene, composed of chiral Te chains.

Drug in Drug: Quorum Sensing Inhibitor in Star-Shaped Antibacterial Polypeptides for Inhibiting and Eradicating Corneal Bacterial Biofilms.

Biofilm-related bacterial keratitis is a severe ocular infection that can result in drastic vision impairment and even blindness. However, the therapeutic efficiency of clinical antibiotic eyedrops is often compromised because the bacteria in the biofilms resist bactericide the community genetic regulation, namely, bacterial quorum sensing. Herein, quercetin (QCT)-loaded star-shaped antibacterial peptide polymer (SAPP), QCT@SAPP, is developed based on a "drug" in a "drug" strategy for inhibiting and eradicating biofilms on the cornea.

Improving the Structural Efficiency of Punched-Metal-Material-Based Composites.

This study investigates the potential of reusing punched-steel waste, a significant component of solid inorganic waste, in composite materials for construction applications. Driven by the growing global demand for raw materials (which is projected to quadruple by 2050) and the need for sustainable waste management practices, this research explores the creation of a composite material (PPLK) incorporating punched-steel tape (LPM-4 grade) embedded in a polypropylene matrix. Experimental testing of PPLK specimens (310 × 90 × 6.

Characterization of Al-Containing Industrial Residues in the ESEE Region Supporting Circular Economy and the EU Green Deal.

The increase in industrial waste generation presents a global problem that is a consequence of the needs of modern society. To achieve the goals of the EU Green Deal and to promote the concept of circular economy (CE), the valorization of industrial residues as secondary raw materials offers a pathway to economic, environmental, energetic, and social sustainability. In this respect, Al-containing industrial residues from alumina processing (red mud), thermal power plants (fly ash and bottom ash), and metallurgy (slag), as well as other industries, present a valuable mineral resource which can be considered as secondary raw materials (SRMs) with the potential to be used in construction, supporting the concept of circular economy.

Research on Flower Pattern and Roll Positioning Optimization for Roll Forming Process of TA4 Coiled Tubing.

Titanium alloy coiled tubing (CT) has great superiority while operating in deep wells with severe conditions, but it faces serious challenges during roll forming like high springback, edge cracking and surface wearing. In order to utilize the high precision and high efficiency production of titanium alloy CT, it is urgently necessary to develop a detailed process design. Based on the W-forming strategy and the cubic curve of the strip edge projection, the flower pattern and roll design for the 21-pass roll forming process were completed.

Multi-Objective Optimization Accelerates the De Novo Design of Antimicrobial Peptide for .

Humans have long used antibiotics to fight bacteria, but increasing drug resistance has reduced their effectiveness. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising alternative with natural broad-spectrum activity against bacteria and viruses. However, their instability and hemolysis limit their medical use, making the design and improvement of AMPs a key research focus.

A Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Approach for Critical Node Identification in Complex Networks.

Correctly identifying influential nodes in a complex network and implementing targeted protection measures can significantly enhance the overall security of the network. Currently, indicators such as degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, H-index, and K-shell are commonly used to measure node influence. Although these indicators can identify critical nodes to some extent, they often consider node attributes from a narrow perspective and have certain limitations.

Role of Oxidative Stress in Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels is a principal feature observed in the brains of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In these diseases, oxidative stress can disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This disruption allows neurotoxic plasma components, blood cells, and pathogens to enter the brain, leading to increased ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation.

Enhancing Photovoltaically Preferred Orientation in Wide-Bandgap Perovskite for Efficient All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells.

Wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (WBG PSCs) have promising applications in tandem devices yet suffer from low open-circuit voltages (Vs) and less stability. To address these issues, the study introduces multifunctional nicotinamide derivatives into WBG PSCs, leveraging the regulation on photovoltaically preferential orientation and optoelectronic properties via diverse functional groups, e.g.

Accuracy of digital and conventional implant impressions in edentulous jaws: A clinical comparative study.

Objectives: This clinical study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of digital and conventional implant impressions in a fully edentulous maxilla and mandible.

Methods: A 53-year-old edentulous patient with four maxillary and two mandibular implants was selected. Ten intraoral scans (IOS) and a conventional impression per jaw were taken.

The alterations of ocular surface metabolism and the related immunity inflammation in dry eye.

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) stands as a prominent ocular condition of global prevalence, emerging as a growing concern within public health. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis remain largely unknown. In recent years, with the development of metabolomics, numerous studies have reported alterations in ocular surface metabolism in DED and offered fresh perspectives on the development of DED.

Using microtremor data to obtain dynamic properties of soils in the Veracruz-Boca del Rio metropolitan area.

The data presented here are the result of microtremor measurements at 44 points in three different soil types classified according to their fundamental vibration frequencies, on the metropolitan area of Veracruz-Boca del Río, Mexico. These Data are raw and was obtained using a GÜRALP 6TD model broadband orthogonal triaxial seismometer with an integrated 24-bit digitizer with a minimum recording time of 30 min and a recording rate of 100 samples per second (sps). The microtremor records were used to construct the H/V spectral ratios using the method of Nakamura.

Nanoparticle-Mediated Explosive Anti-PD-L1 Factory Built in Tumor for Advanced Immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, has revolutionized oncology. However, it encounters challenges such as inadequate drug accumulation and limited efficacy against "cold" tumors characterized by lack of T cell infiltration and immunosuppressive microenvironments. Here, a controlled antibody production and releasing nanoparticle (CAPRN) is introduced, designed to augment ICB efficacy by facilitating tumor-targeted antibody production and inducing photodynamic cell death.

Preparation and anti-inflammation activity of λ-carrageenan oligosaccharides degraded by a novel λ-carrageenase Car3193.

To date, less attention has been paid to λ-carrageenases and their enzymatic hydrolysates than to κ- and ι-carrageenases and their hydrolysates. In this study, a Gram-negative strain Polaribacter sp. NJDZ03 was isolated from the surface of an Antarctic macroalga, Desmarestia sp.