Designing Health Recommender Systems to Promote Health Equity: A Socioecological Perspective.

Health recommender systems (HRS) have the capability to improve human-centered care and prevention by personalizing content, such as health interventions or health information. HRS, an emerging and developing field, can play a unique role in the digital health field as they can offer relevant recommendations, not only based on what users themselves prefer and may be receptive to, but also using data about wider spheres of influence over human behavior, including peers, families, communities, and societies. We identify and discuss how HRS could play a unique role in decreasing health inequities.

Human-Centered Design of an mHealth Tool for Optimizing HIV Index Testing in Wartime Ukraine: Formative Research Case Study.

Background: Assisted partner services (APSs; sometimes called index testing) are now being brought to scale as a high-yield HIV testing strategy in many nations. However, the success of APSs is often hampered by low levels of partner elicitation. The Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (CASI)-Plus study sought to develop and test a mobile health (mHealth) tool to increase the elicitation of sexual and needle-sharing partners among persons with newly diagnosed HIV.

Identification of Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors Based on Facial Photos: Exploratory Study on the Use of Deep Learning for Software Development.

Background: Primary intracranial germ cell tumors (iGCTs) are highly malignant brain tumors that predominantly occur in children and adolescents, with an incidence rate ranking third among primary brain tumors in East Asia (8%-15%). Due to their insidious onset and impact on critical functional areas of the brain, these tumors often result in irreversible abnormalities in growth and development, as well as cognitive and motor impairments in affected children. Therefore, early diagnosis through advanced screening techniques is vital for improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

High Areal Loading Silicon Nanoparticle-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Interfacial mechanical stability between silicon (Si) and the current collector is crucial when high areal-loading of Si is demanded as intense stress develops at the interface due to its extreme volume alteration during the lithiation-delithiation process. Therefore, we propose using a thin, rough, porous, and highly conductive carbon nanotube network (CNT-N) as a buffer layer between the Si and current collector that provides abundant anchor sites for Si nanoparticles. The strong and elastic CNT-N, which is not involved directly in the lithiation process, reduces stress at interfaces between the Si and CNT-N and the CNT-N and current collector.

Assessing the Adherence of ChatGPT Chatbots to Public Health Guidelines for Smoking Cessation: Content Analysis.

Background: Large language model (LLM) artificial intelligence chatbots using generative language can offer smoking cessation information and advice. However, little is known about the reliability of the information provided to users.

Objective: This study aims to examine whether 3 ChatGPT chatbots-the World Health Organization's Sarah, BeFreeGPT, and BasicGPT-provide reliable information on how to quit smoking.

Changes in Adsorption, Aggregation, and Diffusion Nature of Amyloid β on a Lipid Membrane in an Open System.

The aggregation and accumulation of amyloid β 42 (Aβ42) peptides on the surface of brain cells is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we used a unique brain-mimetic open system that continuously flows Aβ42 solution to analyze the initial aggregation and adsorptive nature of Aβ42 at physiological concentrations on the lipid membrane. The open system accelerated the adsorption and dimerization kinetics.

A comparative analysis of CNNs and LSTMs for ECG-based diagnosis of arrythmia and congestive heart failure.

Cardiac arrhythmias are major global health concern and their early detection is critical for diagnosis. This study comprehensively evaluates the effectiveness of CNNs and LSTMs for the classification of cardiac arrhythmias, considering three PhysioNet datasets. ECG records are segmented to accommodate around ∼10s of ECG data.

A Quantitative First Passage Time Model for Tubular Microfluidic Immunoassays.

Solid-phase immunosorbent reactions, such as ELISA, are widely used for detecting, identifying, and quantifying protein markers. However, traditional centimeter scale well-based immunoreactors suffer from low surface-to-volume (S/V) ratios, leading to large sample consumption and a long assay time. Microfluidic technologies, particularly tubular microfluidic immunoreactors, have emerged as promising alternatives due to their high S/V ratios.

Results From First-in-Human Phase I Study of a Novel CD19-1XX Chimeric Antigen Receptor With Calibrated Signaling in Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Purpose: We designed a CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) comprising a calibrated signaling module, termed 1XX, that differs from that of conventional CD28/CD3ζ and 4-1BB/CD3ζ CARs. Preclinical data demonstrated that 1XX CARs generated potent effector function without undermining T-cell persistence. We hypothesized that 1XX CAR T cells may be effective at low doses and elicit minimal toxicities.

Regioselective [3 + 2] Annulation of β,γ-Alkynyl-α-ketimino Esters with 1,3-Dicarbonyls: The Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Dihydrofurans.

A regioselective [3 + 2] annulation of β,γ-alkynyl-α-ketimino esters with 1,3-dicarbonyls is disclosed. A series of -selective dihydrofurans bearing an exocyclic double bond and a quaternary carbon center are accessed without the usage of base. Control and deuterium-labeling experiments have been investigated to probe into the reaction mechanism.

On-Demand Photoactivation of DNA-Based Motor Motion.

A major challenge in the field of synthetic motors relates to mimicking the precise, motion of biological motor proteins, which mediates processes such as cargo transport, cell locomotion, and cell division. To address this challenge, we developed a system to control the motion of DNA-based synthetic motors using light. DNA motors are composed of a central chassis particle modified with DNA "legs" that hybridize to RNA "fuel", and move upon enzymatic consumption of RNA.

Longer recreational screen time contributes to the risk of age-related macular degeneration: a UK Biobank cohort study and two-sample Mendelian randomisation.

Background: Recreational screen time (RST) has been found to be associated with cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the association between RST and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), an ocular neurodegenerative disease, is still unclear. We aimed to elucidate the association between RST and AMD.

Atomic-Level Tin Regulation for High-Performance Zinc-Air Batteries.

The trade-off between the performances of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) presents a challenge in designing high-performance aqueous rechargeable zinc-air batteries (a-r-ZABs) due to sluggish kinetics and differing reaction requirements. Accurate control of the atomic and electronic structures is crucial for the rational design of efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts. Herein, we designed a Sn-Co/RuO trimetallic oxide utilizing dual-active sites and tin (Sn) regulation strategy by dispersing Co (for ORR) and auxiliary Sn into the near-surface and surface of RuO (for OER) to enhance both ORR and OER performances.

Analysis of the characteristics and illness comprehension bias among Chinese patients with psycho-cardiovascular disease: a multi-centre cross-sectional survey.

Background: Psychological distress, such as depression and anxiety, impacts cardiovascular disease (CVD) prognosis and management. Illness comprehension is essential for effective treatment, but biases can lead to suboptimal outcomes. We explored psycho-cardiovascular disease (PCD) patient characteristics, with a specific focus on comprehension biases and treatment choices from patients' perspectives in China, to improve management strategies.

Clinical Evaluation of the NaviNetics Stereotactic System Using Intraoperative Portable Surgical Imaging System in DBS Surgery.

Background And Objectives: A typical workflow for deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery consists of head frame placement, followed by stereotactic computed tomography (CT) or MRI before surgical implantation of the hardware. At some institutions, this workflow is prolonged when the imaging scanner is located far away from the operating room, thereby increasing workflow times by the addition of transport times. Recently, the intraoperative O-arm has been shown to provide accurate image fusion with preoperative CT or MR imaging, suggesting the possibility of obtaining an intraoperative localization scan and postoperative confirmation.

Effects of Chemical Pretreatments of Wood Cellulose Nanofibrils on Protein Adsorption and Biological Outcomes.

Wood-based nanocellulose is emerging as a promising nanomaterial in the field of tissue engineering due to its unique properties and versatile applications. Previously, we used TEMPO-mediated oxidation (TO) and carboxymethylation (CM) as chemical pretreatments prior to mechanical fibrillation of wood-based cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) to produce scaffolds with different surface chemistries. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of these chemical pretreatments on serum protein adsorption on 2D and 3D configurations of TO-CNF and CM-CNF and then to investigate their effects on cell adhesion, spreading, inflammatory mediator production , and the development of foreign body reaction (FBR) .

Rapid and Non-Targeted Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of miRNA in Complex Biological Samples Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry with a 3-Aminoquinoline and 2',4',6'-Trihydroxyacetophenone Ionic Liquid Matrix.

A novel ionic liquid MALDI matrix, 3-aminoquinoline/2',4',6'-trihydroxyacetophenone monohydrate (3-AQ/THAP), was developed for the rapid qualitative and quantitative detection of miRNA from biological samples. Compared to the traditional matrix 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and previously reported oligonucleotide-specific matrices, such as 3-aminopicolinic acid (3-APA), 3-hydroxypicolinic acid (3-HPA), and 6-aza-2-thiothymine (ATT), the 3-AQ/THAP matrix offers several advantages. It produces fewer alkali metal adduct peaks, exhibits higher sensitivity, and ensures better spot-to-spot repeatability.

Unveiling the Promoting Effects of Zr and the Hydrothermal Treatment on the NH-SCR Activity of the Cu-SAPO-18 Catalyst.

Selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH(NH-SCR) remains challenging for diesel vehicles due to the complex exhaust condition. Cu-SAPO-18 zeolite has emerged as an efficient catalyst for the NH-SCR process, attributed to its unique small pore configuration and high NH-SCR activity. Herein, Zr-modified Cu-SAPO-18 has been fabricated and evaluated for the reduction of NO.

Modular Metabolic Engineering of for Enhanced Production of Ursolic Acid.

Ursolic acid, a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other bioactive properties, holds significant potential for use in nutritional supplements and drug development. However, its extraction from medicinal plants is inefficient due to low yield and dependence on seasonality and geography. Herein, we use modular metabolic engineering to enhance ursolic acid production in by dividing the biosynthetic pathway into five modules.

Multilayer Composite Electrodes for Simultaneously Improved Mechanical and Electrochemical Performance.

Structural batteries offer a transformative approach to integrate energy storage directly into the frameworks of electric vehicles and aircrafts, enabling multifunctional construction. This study presents a nacre-inspired multilayer composite electrode fabricated via the cold sintering process (CSP), achieving a balance of enhanced electrochemical performance and mechanical robustness. The composite electrode combines active electrode materials with a ductile conducting polymer-carbon-mixture phase in a layered architecture.

Design of a light and Ca switchable organic-peptide hybrid.

The design of organic-peptide hybrids has the potential to combine our vast knowledge of protein design with small molecule engineering to create hybrid structures with complex functions. Here, we describe the computational design of a photoswitchable Ca-binding organic-peptide hybrid. The designed molecule, designated Ca-binding switch (CaBS), combines an EF-hand motif from classical Ca-binding proteins such as calmodulin with a photoswitchable group that can be reversibly isomerized between a spiropyran (SP) and merocyanine (MC) state in response to different wavelengths of light.

Establishment and application of a zebrafish model of Werner syndrome identifies sapanisertib as a potential antiaging drug.

Aging is a complex process that affects multiple organs, and the discovery of a pharmacological approach to ameliorate aging is considered the Holy Grail of medicine. Here, we performed an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea forward genetic screening in zebrafish and identified an accelerated aging mutant named (), harboring a mutation in the - () gene. Loss of leads to a short lifespan and age-related characteristics in the intestine of zebrafish embryos, such as cellular senescence, genomic instability, and epigenetic alteration.

Rational design and modular synthesis of biodegradable ionizable lipids via the Passerini reaction for mRNA delivery.

The ionizable lipid component of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations is essential for mRNA delivery by facilitating endosomal escape. Conventionally, these lipids are synthesized through complex, multistep chemical processes that are both time-consuming and require significant engineering. Furthermore, the development of new ionizable lipids is hindered by a limited understanding of the structure-activity relationships essential for effective mRNA delivery.

Errors are robustly tamed in cumulative knowledge processes.

As knowledge accumulates in science and society in a distributed fashion, erroneous derivations can be introduced into the corpus of knowledge. Such derivations can compromise the validity of any units of knowledge that rely on them in the future. Can societal knowledge maintain some level of integrity given simple distributed error-checking mechanisms? In this paper, we investigate the following formulation of the question: assuming that a constant fraction of the new derivations is wrong, is it possible for simple error-checking mechanisms that apply when a new unit of knowledge is derived to maintain the integrity of the corpus of knowledge? This question was introduced by Ben-Eliezer et al.

Extremal structures with embedded prefailure indicators.

Preemptive identification of potential failure under loading of engineering structures is a critical challenge. Our study presents an innovative approach to design built-in prefailure indicators within multiscale structural designs with optimized load carrying capabilities utilizing the design freedom of topology optimization. The indicators are engineered to visibly signal load conditions approaching the global critical buckling load at predefined locations.