[Human eRF1 Translation Regulation].

Eukaryotic translation release factor eRF1 is an important cellular protein that plays a key role in translation termination, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), and readthrough of stop codons. The amount of eRF1 in the cell influences all these processes. The mechanism of regulation of eRF1 translation through an autoregulatory NMD-dependent expression circuit has been described for plants and fungi, but the mechanisms of regulation of human eRF1 translation have not yet been studied.

[The Drosophila Zinc Finger Proteins Aef1 and CG10543 Are Co-Localized with SAGA, SWI/SNF, and ORC Complexes on Gene Promoters and Involved in Transcription Regulation].

In previous studies, we purified the DUB-module of the Drosophila SAGA complex and showed that a number of zinc proteins interact with it, including Aef1 and CG10543. In this work, we conducted a genome-wide study of the Aef1 and CG10543 proteins and showed that they are localized predominantly on the promoters of active genes. The binding sites of these proteins co-localize with the SAGA and dSWI/SNF chromatin modification and remodeling complexes, as well as with the ORC replication complex.

[The Drosophila Zinc Finger Protein CG9609 Interacts with the Deubiquitinating (DUB) Module of the SAGA Complex and Participates in the Regulation of Transcription].

In previous studies, we found that the zinc finger proteins Su(Hw) and CG9890 interact with the Drosophila SAGA complex and participate in the formation of the active chromatin structure and transcription regulation. In this research, we discovered the interaction of the DUB module of the SAGA complex with another zinc finger protein, CG9609. ChIP-Seq analysis was performed, and CG9609 binding sites in the Drosophila genome were identified.

[Sensitivity of Primary Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines to the Mumps Virus Vaccine Strain].

The sensitivity of human glioblastoma cells to virus-mediated oncolysis was investigated on five patient-derived cell lines. Primary glioblastoma cells (Gbl13n, Gbl16n, Gbl17n, Gbl25n, and Gbl27n) were infected with tenfold serial dilutions of the Leningrad-3 strain of the mumps virus, and virus reproduction and cytotoxicity were monitored for 96-120 h. Immortalized human non-tumor NKE cells were used as controls to determine the virus specificity.

[Amino Acid Substitution Patterns in the E6 and E7 Proteins of HPV Type 16: Phylogeography and Evolution].

The E6 and E7 proteins of the high risk human papillomaviruses (HR HPVs) play a key role in the oncogenesis associated with papillomavirus infection. Data on the variability of these proteins are limited, and the factors affecting their variability are still poorly understood. We analyzed the variability of the currently known sequences of the HPV type 16 (HPV16) E6 and E7 proteins, taking into account their geographic origin and year of sample collection, as well as the direction of their evolution in the major geographic regions of the world.

[Synthesis of a Bisbenzoxazole Analogue of Hoechst 33258 as a Potential GC-Selective DNA Ligand].

Using a computer modeling approach, we proposed a structure for a potential GC-specific DNA ligand, which could form a complex with DNA in the minor groove similar to that formed by Hoechst 33258 at DNA AT-enriched sites. According to this model, , a bisbenzoxazole ligand, was synthesized. The results of spectrophotometric methods supported the complex formation of the compound under study with DNA differing in the nucleotide composition.

[Development of Biological Microchips on an Aluminum Support with Cells Made of Brush Polymers].

A method has been developed for manufacturing biological microchips on an aluminum substrate with hydrophilic cells from brush copolymers with the formation of a matrix of cells using photolithography. The surface of aluminum substrates was previously coated with a thin, durable, moderately hydrophobic layer of cross-linked polymer to prevent contact with the aluminum surface of the components used in the analysis of nucleic acids. Aluminum biochip substrates have high thermal conductivity and low heat capacity, which is important for the development of methods for multiplex PCR analysis on a chip.

[Drosophila melanogaster Paip2 Binds ENY2 and Interacts with the TREX-2 Complex in Histone mRNP Particles].

ENY2 is an evolutionarily conserved multifunctional protein and is a member of several complexes that regulate various stages of gene expression. ENY2 is a subunit of the TREX-2 complex, which is necessary for the export of bulk mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores in many eukaryotes. The wide range of ENY2 functions suggests that it can also associate with other protein factors or complexes.

[Participation of Proteins of the CPSF Complex in Polyadenylation of Transcripts Read by RNA Polymerase III from SINEs].

SINEs are mobile genetic elements of multicellular eukaryotes that arose during evolution from various tRNAs, as well as from 5S rRNA and 7SL RNA. Like the genes of these RNAs, SINEs are transcribed by RNA polymerase III. The transcripts of some mammalian SINEs have the capability of AAUAAA-dependent polyadenylation, which is unique for transcript generated by RNA polymerase III.

[What Actin and Myosin Do in the Nucleus: New Functions of the Well-Known Proteins].

The functions of actin and its motor proteins myosins in the cytoplasm have been the subject of research for more than 100 years, but the existence and function of these proteins in the nucleus has been a matter of debate until recently. Recent data has clarified the role of actin and myosin molecules in controlling the dynamics of processes in the cell nucleus, chromatin organization and genome integrity. New microscopy techniques and the use of modified actin-binding probes have made it possible for the first time to directly visualize the polymerization of actin filaments in the nucleus of living cells.

[Cytoplasmic mRNA Transport: Adaptors of mRNA Binding to Microtubule Motor Proteins].

The process of mRNA localization in the cytoplasm involves the directed transport of mRNP particles using the microtubule system. This transport is mediated and regulated by specific factors-adaptors between mRNA molecules and microtubule motor proteins. Adaptors are a key link in the mechanism of mRNA transport, but to date their identity and functioning are mostly unknown.

Dissecting the Kaiso binding profile in clear renal cancer cells.

Background: There has been a notable increase in interest in the transcriptional regulator Kaiso, which has been linked to the regulation of clonal hematopoiesis, myelodysplastic syndrome, and tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, there are no consistent data on the binding sites of Kaiso in vivo in the genome. Previous ChIP-seq analyses for Kaiso contradicted the accumulated data of Kaiso binding sites obtained in vitro.

Amphiphilic Photoluminescent Porous Silicon Nanoparticles as Effective Agents for Ultrasound-Amplified Cancer Therapy.

This study investigates the use of photoluminescent amphiphilic porous silicon nanoparticles (αϕ-pSiNPs) as effective ultrasound (US) amplifiers for cancer sonodynamic theranostics. αϕ-pSiNPs were synthesized via a novel top-down approach involving porous silicon (pSi) films electrochemical etching, borate oxidation, and hydrophobic coating with octadecylsilane (C18), resulting in milling into nanoparticles with hydrophilic exteriors and hydrophobic interiors. These properties promote gas trapping and cavitation nucleation, significantly lowering the US cavitation threshold and resulting in selective destruction of cancer cells in the presence of nanoparticles.

Biochip-Based Identification of Mycobacterial Species in Russia.

Infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are rising globally throughout the world. The number of species isolated from clinical samples is steadily growing, which demands the implementation of a robust diagnostic method with wide specificity. This study was carried out in in 2022-2024 in three clinical antituberculosis centers in the biggest cities of Russia: Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Novosibirsk.

Protein Biochips with Three-Dimensional Hydrogel or Polymer Brush Elements for the Detection of Human Serum Immunoglobulin E Specific to Inhalation Allergens.

The development of rapid analysis of human serum for the presence of allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is currently important. Consequently, we developed two types of three-dimensional (3D) protein biochips. The first one is a 3D hydrogel biochip containing hydrogel droplets with protein molecules (allergens, immunoglobulins and others).

Genomic Profiling in Glioma Patients to Explore Clinically Relevant Markers.

Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of brain tumors, among which the most aggressive subtype is glioblastoma, accounting for 60% of cases in adults. Available systemic treatment options are few and ineffective, so new approaches to therapies for glioblastoma are in high demand. In total, 131 patients with diffuse glioma were studied.

Non-Susceptibility Gene Variants in Head and Neck Paragangliomas.

Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are rare neoplasms that, along with pheochromocytomas and extra-adrenal paragangliomas, are associated with inherited mutations in at least 12 susceptibility genes in approximately 40% of cases. However, due to the rarity of HNPGLs, only a series of small-scale studies and individual cases have reported mutations in additional genes that may be involved in tumorigenesis. Consequently, numerous disease-causing mutations and genes responsible for the pathogenesis of HNPGLs remain poorly investigated.

High- and Moderate-Risk Variants Among Breast Cancer Patients and Healthy Donors Enrolled in Multigene Panel Testing in a Population of Central Russia.

Assessments of breast cancer (BC) risk in carriers of pathogenic variants identified by gene panel testing in different populations are highly in demand worldwide. We performed target sequencing of 78 genes involved in DNA repair in 860 females with BC and 520 age- and family history-matched controls from Central Russia. Among BC patients, 562/860 (65.

AAindexNC: Estimating the Physicochemical Properties of Non-Canonical Amino Acids, Including Those Derived from the PDB and PDBeChem Databank.

The physicochemical properties of amino acid residues from the AAindex database are widely used as predictors in building models for predicting both protein structures and properties. It should be noted, however, that the AAindex database contains data only for the 20 canonical amino acids. Non-canonical amino acids, while less common, are not rare; the Protein Data Bank includes proteins with more than 1000 distinct non-canonical amino acids.

OVsignGenes: A Gene Expression-Based Neural Network Model Estimated Molecular Subtype of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma.

Background/objectives: High-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) are highly heterogeneous tumors, both among patients and within a single tumor. Differences in molecular mechanisms significantly describe this heterogeneity. Four molecular subtypes have been previously described by the Cancer Genome Atlas Consortium: differentiated, immunoreactive, mesenchymal, and proliferative.

(Re)building the nervous system: A review of neuron-glia interactions from development to disease.

Neuron-glia interactions are fundamental to the development and function of the nervous system. During development, glia, including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, influence neuronal differentiation and migration, synapse formation and refinement, and myelination. In the mature brain, glia are crucial for maintaining neural homeostasis, modulating synaptic activity, and supporting metabolic functions.

Utilization of molecular genetic approaches for colorectal cancer screening.

The feasibility of population screening for colorectal cancer has been demonstrated in several studies. Most of these studies have considered individual characteristics, diagnostic approaches, epidemiological data, and socioeconomic factors. In this article, we comment on an editorial by Metaxas published in the recent issue of the journal.

Distinctive aspects of ligand binding to G4 DNA structure flanked by the double helix.

Except for telomeres, G4 DNA structures in the human genome can be formed only within the context of double-stranded DNA. DNA duplexes flanking the G4 structure may potentially affect the G4 architecture and the binding of G4-specific ligands. Here, we examine the interaction of TMPyP4, NMM, and PDS ligands with three structures formed by the same DNA fragment containing the (GGGT) sequence: the G4 in duplex (dsG4), G4 in single-stranded DNA (ssG4) and perfect duplex DNA (ds).

AcidAGE: a biological age determination neural network based on urine organic acids.

Organic acids reflect the course of all important metabolic processes and the effects of diet, nutrient deficiency, lifestyle, and microbiota composition. In present work, we focused on identifying age-related changes in organic acids in urine, and creating a neural network model based on them to determine biological age. The investigation involves data on concentrations of 60 organic acids in urine of 863 samples.