Effect of glycemic control on the Diabetes Complications Severity Index score and development of complications in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the longitudinal accumulation of diabetes-related complications and the effect of glycemic control on the Diabetes Complications Severity Index (DCSI) score in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using electronic health records from a large integrated healthcare system. People with newly diagnosed T2D were identified between 2005 and 2016 and stratified by initial HbA1c category (<7%, <8%, ≥8%).

Functional high-intensity training improves pancreatic β-cell function in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by reductions in β-cell function and insulin secretion on the background of elevated insulin resistance. Aerobic exercise has been shown to improve β-cell function, despite a subset of T2D patients displaying "exercise resistance." Further investigations into the effectiveness of alternate forms of exercise on β-cell function in the T2D patient population are needed.

Long-Term Glycemic Control in Adult Patients Undergoing Remote vs. Local Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplantation.

Objectives: Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) is increasingly performed with remote islet cell processing and preparation, i.e., with islet cell isolation performed remotely from the primary surgical site at an appropriately equipped islet isolation facility.

Islet Cell Yield Following Remote Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplant is Independent of Cold Ischemia Time.

Objectives: Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation is increasingly being performed remotely, that is, removing the pancreas in 1 location, isolating the islet cells in another location, then returning the islets to the original location for reimplantation into the patient. We determined the influence of extended cold ischemia time on key clinical outcomes in remote islet autotransplantation.

Methods: We evaluated patients who underwent remote islet autotransplantation at 2 centers from 2011 to 2014.

Pattern of calcium and parathyroid hormone normalization at 12-months follow-up after parathyroid operation.

Background: At 12 months after a parathyroid operation, we expect cured patients to have biochemical profiles similar to those of healthy individuals. The aim of the current study was to compare the biochemical characteristics patients at 12 months after parathyroidectomy for primary sporadic hyperparathyroidism with those of healthy controls.

Methods: A total of 547 patients who underwent parathyroid neck operation for primary sporadic hyperparathyroidism from 2000-2014 were analyzed.

Islet Cell Transplantation and Alternative Therapies.

Even though type 2 diabetes rates plateaued, type 1 diabetes continues to increase. Pancreas transplantation is a treatment modality for patients who suffer hypoglycemic unawareness or complications from diabetes. Islet cell transplantation success rates have improved with modification and advances in isolation, transplantation, and new immunosuppression regimens.

Spontaneous Hypoglycemia After Islet Autotransplantation for Chronic Pancreatitis.

Context: Spontaneous hypoglycemia has been reported in patients after total pancreatectomy (TP) and islet autotransplantation (IAT) with maintained insulin independence. Details surrounding these events have not been well described.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the frequency and characteristics of spontaneous hypoglycemia in patients undergoing TP-IAT and/or to ascertain predictive or protective factors of its development.

A nationwide safety analysis of bariatric surgery in nonseverely obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Bariatric surgery is more effective than medical therapy in treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in patients with severe obesity. However, surgery is often not advocated for patients with T2D who are overweight or have mild obesity.

Objective: To assess the safety profile of bariatric surgery in patients with T2D and mild obesity.

Which is the best predictor of thyroid cancer: thyrotropin, thyroglobulin or their ratio?

Objective: Since documented incidence of thyroid cancer has been rising over time, in part due to incidental small papillary cancer, several studies have been carried out to investigate the role of possible serum markers of thyroid cancer prior to surgery.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Aim: To investigate the role of thyroglobulin (Tg), thyrotropin (TSH) and the TSH:Tg, Tg:TSH ratio in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer.

Bone mineral density utilization in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.

Bone disease is a major cause for morbidity in multiple myeloma (MM), with the main focus concerning the manifestation as osteolytic lesions. Bone mineral loss is another reflection of myeloma bone involvement. Recently, osteoporosis has been omitted as a defining criterion for symptomatic disease in MM.

Association of Lipid Accumulation Product with Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women.

The lipid accumulation product is a novel, safe and inexpensive index of central lipid over accumulation based on waist circumference and fasting concentration of circulating triglycerides. This study was designed to investigate the ability of lipid accumulation product to predict Cardio-metabolic risk factors in postmenopausal women. In this Cross-sectional study, 264 postmenopausal women by using convenience sampling method were selected from menopause clinic in Tehran.

Bariatric Surgery in Obese Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: There is a paucity of data on the impact of bariatric surgery in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this review was to quantify the overall effects of bariatric surgery in obese patients with T1D.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar from their inception to December 2015 to identify all relevant studies of bariatric surgery in adult obese patients with T1D.

Financial Incentives and Diabetes Disease Control in Employees: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Background: Many employers offer worksite wellness programs, including financial incentives to achieve goals. Evidence supporting such programs is sparse.

Objective: To assess whether diabetes and cardiovascular risk factor control in employees improved with financial incentives for participation in disease management and for attaining goals.

Clinical and Echocardiographic Outcomes After Bariatric Surgery in Obese Patients With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction.

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for development of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and can complicate LVSD management, especially for individuals in whom cardiac transplantation is indicated. Bariatric surgery is increasingly recognized as a safe and effective intervention to achieve marked weight loss, but experience is limited in the LVSD population.

Methods And Results: We retrospectively reviewed patients with obesity and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% who underwent bariatric surgery at a tertiary center 2004 to 2013.

Outcomes for Patients With Diabetes After Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for mortality among patients with heart failure as well as for patients who undergo cardiothoracic surgery. However it is unknown whether DM is associated with increased mortality or major complications during continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) support.

Methods And Results: We retrospectively reviewed 300 consecutive adults who received CF-LVADs at a single center in the years 2006-2013; 129 patients had DM before LVAD, as defined by American Diabetes Association criteria (HbA1c ≥6.

Measurement of Serum Free Thyroxine Index May Provide Additional Case Detection Compared to Free Thyroxine in the Diagnosis of Central Hypothyroidism.

The diagnosis of central hypothyroidism is often suspected in patients with hypothalamic/pituitary pathology, in the setting of low, normal, or even slightly elevated serum TSH and low free thyroxine (FT4). We present four cases of central hypothyroidism (three had known pituitary pathology) in whom central hypothyroidism was diagnosed after the serum free thyroxine index (FTI) was found to be low. All had normal range serum TSH and free thyroxine levels.

Mapping endocrine surgery: Workforce analysis from the last six decades.

Background: We analyzed the demographics of high-volume surgeons (HVS) for endocrine operations.

Methods: We characterized HVS by region, specialty, gender, teaching-affiliation, American Association of Endocrine Surgeons (AAES) membership, and decade they entered practice. Providers were general surgeons (GS) and otolaryngologists (ENT); fellowship trained (FT) or not FT (NFT).

The Heart Failure Overweight/Obesity Survival Paradox: The Missing Sex Link.

Objectives: This study sought to determine whether body mass index (BMI) has a differential impact on survival for females versus males with advanced systolic heart failure (HF).

Background: Females have a survival advantage in HF, the mechanisms of which are unclear. There is also a proposed "obesity survival paradox" in which excess adiposity promotes HF survival.