1,221 results match your criteria: "Encephalitis Eastern Equine"
Cell
January 2024
Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address:
Nat Commun
January 2024
Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
bioRxiv
November 2023
Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
J Clin Microbiol
December 2023
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Viruses
September 2023
Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Pediatr Res
January 2024
Student, AIIMS Kalyani, Basantapur, Saguna, West Bengal, India.
J Virol
November 2023
Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Alphavirus replicons are being developed as self-amplifying RNAs aimed at improving the efficacy of mRNA vaccines. These replicons are convenient for genetic manipulations and can express heterologous genetic information more efficiently and for a longer time than standard mRNAs. However, replicons mimic many aspects of viral replication in terms of induction of innate immune response, modification of cellular transcription and translation, and expression of nonstructural viral genes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVector Borne Zoonotic Dis
February 2024
Department of Pharmacy, St. Joseph's/Candler Health System, Savannah, Georgia, USA.
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a rare mosquito-borne illness exhibiting rapid neurological deterioration and permanent damage. Despite its >30% mortality and >60% long-term neurological damage, EEEV has no approved antiviral medication or vaccination. This report uniquely aims to describe a rare case of EEEV and provide a current literature review of therapeutic and preventative options from the clinical perspective to guide clinicians and public health workers, along with informing them about its impact and current knowledge gaps.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Public Health
October 2023
Communicable Diseases Section, Health Protection Branch, Victorian Department of Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Introduction: Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus known to cause infrequent yet substantial human outbreaks around the Murray Valley region of south-eastern Australia, resulting in significant mortality.
Methods: The public health response to MVEV in Victoria in 2022-2023 included a climate informed pre-season risk assessment, and vector surveillance with mosquito trapping and laboratory testing for MVEV. Human cases were investigated to collect enhanced surveillance data, and human clinical samples were subject to serological and molecular testing algorithms to assess for co-circulating flaviviruses.
bioRxiv
August 2023
Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
While rodents are primary reservoirs of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), their role in Madariaga virus (MADV) transmission remains uncertain, particularly given their overlapping geographic distribution. This study explores the interplay of alphavirus prevalence, rodent diversity, and land use within Darien and Western Panama provinces. A total of three locations were selected for rodent sampling in Darien province: Los Pavitos, El Real de Santa Maria and Santa Librada.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA diverse group of RNA viruses including Rabies, Polio, La Crosse, West Nile, Zika, Nipah, Eastern and Western equine encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses have the ability to gain access to and replicate in the central nervous system (CNS), causing severe neurological disease. Current treatment for these patients is generally limited to supportive care. To address the need for a generalizable antiviral, we utilized a strategy of mutagenesis to limit virus replication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
August 2023
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes or ticks, and in the continental United States, West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease. Other arboviruses cause sporadic cases of disease as well as occasional outbreaks. This report summarizes 2021 surveillance data reported to CDC by U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: The magnitude and duration of vertebrate viremia are critical determinants of arbovirus transmission, geographic spread, and disease severity-yet, mechanisms determining arbovirus viremia levels are poorly defined. Previous studies have drawn associations between in vitro virion-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) interactions and in vivo clearance kinetics of virions from blood circulation. From these observations, it is commonly hypothesized that GAG-binding virions are rapidly removed from circulation due to ubiquitous expression of GAGs by vascular endothelial cells, thereby limiting viremia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Vet Med Assoc
October 2023
1Epidemiology of Zoonoses and Public Health Research Unit (Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique) and Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
Objective: West Nile virus (WNV) became notifiable in horses in 2003 in Canada and has been reported every year since. The objective of this study was to describe the spatiotemporal distribution of WNV in horses between 2003 and 2020 in Canada.
Animals: The 848 symptomatic and laboratory-confirmed WNV cases in horses reported to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency between 2003 and 2020.
Am J Trop Med Hyg
August 2023
Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a relatively little-studied alphavirus that can cause devastating viral encephalitis, potentially leading to severe neurological sequelae or death. Although case numbers have historically been low, outbreaks have been increasing in frequency and scale since the 2000 s. It is critical to investigate EEEV evolutionary patterns, especially within human hosts, to understand patterns of emergence, host adaptation, and within-host evolution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Biol
June 2023
Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address:
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) causes a rare but severe disease in horses and humans and is maintained in an enzootic transmission cycle between songbirds and Culiseta melanura mosquitoes. In 2019, the largest EEEV outbreak in the United States for more than 50 years occurred, centered in the Northeast. To explore the dynamics of the outbreak, we sequenced 80 isolates of EEEV and combined them with existing genomic data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell
June 2023
Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address:
Alphaviruses are RNA viruses that represent emerging public health threats. To identify protective antibodies, we immunized macaques with a mixture of western, eastern, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-like particles (VLPs), a regimen that protects against aerosol challenge with all three viruses. Single- and triple-virus-specific antibodies were isolated, and we identified 21 unique binding groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViruses
April 2023
Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Since 2018, autochthonous West Nile virus (WNV) infections have been regularly reported in eastern-central Germany. While clinically apparent infections in humans and horses are not frequent, seroprevalence studies in horses may allow the tracing of WNV and related flaviviruses transmission, such as tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Usutu virus (USUV), and consequently help to estimate the risk of human infections. Hence, the aim of our study was to follow the seropositive ratio against these three viruses in horses in Saxony, Saxony Anhalt, and Brandenburg and to describe their geographic distribution for the year 2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Public Health
May 2023
Department of Applied Geomatics, Centre d'Applications et de Recherches en Télédétection, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.
Background: Climate change is increasing the dispersion of mosquitoes and the spread of viruses of which some mosquitoes are the main vectors. In Quebec, the surveillance and management of endemic mosquito-borne diseases, such as West Nile virus or Eastern equine encephalitis, could be improved by mapping the areas of risk supporting vector populations. However, there is currently no active tool tailored to Quebec that can predict mosquito population abundances, and we propose, with this work, to help fill this gap.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOpen Forum Infect Dis
May 2023
Department of Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MichiganUSA.
Background: Eastern equine encephalitis virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus responsible for unpredictable outbreaks of severe neurologic disease in animals and humans. While most human infections are asymptomatic or clinically nonspecific, a minority of patients develops encephalitic disease, a devastating illness with a mortality rate of ≥30%. No treatments are known to be effective.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Clin Pathol
August 2023
Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US.
Objectives: Viral infections of the central nervous system can be challenging to diagnose because of the wide range of causative agents and nonspecific histologic features. We sought to determine whether detection of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), produced during active RNA and DNA viral infections, could be used to select cases for metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue.
Methods: Eight commercially available anti-dsRNA antibodies were optimized for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the top antibody tested in a series of cases with confirmed viral infections (n = 34) and cases with inflammatory brain lesions of unclear etiology (n = 62).
Avian Dis
March 2023
Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910.
A sudden drop in egg production in commercial poultry flocks can be economically devastating, and rapid identification of the cause often requires a combined effort between the producer, veterinarian, and pathologist. In September 2019, a 35-wk-old commercial Pekin breeder duck flock in Indiana suffered a drop in egg production from 1700 to 1000 eggs daily (41.2% drop).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViruses
April 2023
Viral Isolation Laboratory, Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil.