2,780 results match your criteria: "Encephalitis California"
Parasitol Res
March 2024
Education Center for Disaster and Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-Cho, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis
June 2024
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States. Electronic address:
A 61-year-old male with subacute headache was found to have cryptococcal meningitis despite a negative BioFire FilmArray meningitis/encephalitis panel. This case underscores the importance of liberal cryptococcal antigen testing, and that a negative FilmArray panel is inadequate in excluding cryptococcal meningitis, particularly in a HIV-negative host.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose Of Review: We summarize the recent discoveries on genetic predisposition to autoimmune encephalitis and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS), emphasizing clinical and pathophysiological implications.
Recent Findings: The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is the most studied genetic factor in autoimmune encephalitis and PNS. The HLA haplotype 8.
J Neurol
June 2024
Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Front Pediatr
February 2024
Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Introduction: Infectious encephalopathy (IE), including meningitis, infectious encephalitis, and cerebral abscess, remains prevalent and carries high mortality and morbidity in children, especially in low and middle income countries (LMIC). This study aims to describe the usual care and outcomes of pediatric IE in four LMIC hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa to support evidence-based care guideline development.
Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the Prevalence of Acute Critical Neurological disease in children: A Global Epidemiological Assessment-Developing Countries study, a 4-week, prospective, observational study in children (1 week to 17 years) with IE presenting to referral hospitals in Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, and Ghana.
EMBO Rep
March 2024
Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-8636, USA.
Autoimmune responses against NMDA receptors (NMDAR) and GABA receptors (GABAR) can cause encephalitis, which has been described as feeling like one’s brain is on fire (Dalmau et al, 2019). The molecular mechanisms of how the autoantibodies affect neuronal functions are incompletely defined. Hunter et al (2024) now describe effects of autoantibodies from patients against NMDARs and GABARs on the lateral mobility and thereby localization and function of NMDARs and GABARs as well as AMPA receptors (AMPARs), the main glutamatergic receptors that mediate basal synaptic transmission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Pathog
February 2024
Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America.
Human astrovirus (HAstV) is a known cause of viral gastroenteritis in children worldwide, but HAstV can cause also severe and systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. There are three clades of HAstV: classical, MLB, and VA/HMO. While all three clades are found in gastrointestinal samples, HAstV-VA/HMO is the main clade associated with meningitis and encephalitis in immunocompromised patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Nepal, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) accounts for ~ 5-20% of AES cases, but ~75% of AES cases are of unknown etiology. We identified a gemykibivirus in CSF collected in 2020 from a male child with AES using metagenomic next-generation sequencing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
April 2024
Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Introduction: Increasing evidence suggests that amyloid reduction could serve as a plausible surrogate endpoint for clinical and cognitive efficacy. The double-blind phase 3 DIAN-TU-001 trial tested clinical and cognitive declines with increasing doses of solanezumab or gantenerumab.
Methods: We used latent class (LC) analysis on data from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Trials Unit 001 trial to test amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) reduction as a potential surrogate biomarker.
Viruses
January 2024
Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
Snowshoe hare virus (SSHV) is a zoonotic arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) circulating in colder areas of the Northern Hemisphere. SSHV is maintained in an enzootic cycle between small mammals and mosquitoes, assumably of the genera and . Symptoms of SSHV human infection can range from asymptomatic to severe neuroinvasive disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPediatr Infect Dis J
June 2024
From the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases.
Background: Immunocompromised individuals are at increased risk for severe disease and complications from viral infections, highlighting the importance of vaccination. However, in extremely rare situations, vaccine associated viral infections can be associated with disseminated disease and complications in immunocompromised hosts.
Case: Herein, we present a case of a 1-year-old child diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia less than 2 weeks after receiving live viral vaccines who developed acute vaccine-strain measles virus disease, later complicated by central nervous system involvement following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Brain Imaging Behav
June 2024
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466 Road Xingang, Guangzhou, 510317, P. R. China.
The hippocampus plays an important role in the pathophysiological mechanism of Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis. Nevertheless, the connection between the resting-state activity of the hippocampal subregions and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the changes in functional connectivity (FC) in the hippocampal subregions of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and its association with clinical symptoms and cognitive performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Wildl Dis
April 2024
US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) in the Upper Peninsula (UP) of Michigan, USA, occupy the southern periphery of the species' range and are vulnerable to climate change. In the eastern UP, hares are isolated by the Great Lakes, potentially exacerbating exposure to climate-change-induced habitat alterations. Climate change is also measurably affecting distribution and prevalence of vector-borne pathogens in North America, and increases in disease occurrence and prevalence can be one signal of climate-stressed wildlife populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirus Res
April 2024
Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA. Electronic address:
Tripartite motif 21 (TRIM21) is a cytosolic Fc receptor that targets antibody-bound, internalized pathogens for destruction. Apart from this intrinsic defense role, TRIM21 is implicated in autoimmune diseases, inflammation, and autophagy. Whether TRIM21 participates in host interactions with influenza A virus (IAV), however, is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Virol
March 2024
Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare but fatal late neurological complication of measles, caused by persistent measles virus (MeV) infection of the central nervous system. There are no drugs approved for the treatment of SSPE. Here, we followed the clinical progression of a 5-year-old SSPE patient after treatment with the nucleoside analog remdesivir, conducted a post-mortem evaluation of the patient's brain, and characterized the MeV detected in the brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
February 2024
Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
The first step in disease pathogenesis for arboviruses is the establishment of infection following vector transmission. For La Crosse virus (LACV), the leading cause of pediatric arboviral encephalitis in North America, and other orthobunyaviruses, the initial course of infection in the skin is not well understood. Using an intradermal (ID) model of LACV infection in mice, we find that the virus infects and replicates nearly exclusively within skin-associated muscle cells of the panniculus carnosus (PC) and not in epidermal or dermal cells like most other arbovirus families.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Microbiol
February 2024
Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Pathogen lineage nomenclature systems are a key component of effective communication and collaboration for researchers and public health workers. Since February 2021, the Pango dynamic lineage nomenclature for SARS-CoV-2 has been sustained by crowdsourced lineage proposals as new isolates were sequenced. This approach is vulnerable to time-critical delays as well as regional and personal bias.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTher Adv Infect Dis
February 2024
Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
World J Radiol
January 2024
Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States.
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis (NMDARE) is a rare immune-mediated neuroinflammatory condition characterized by the rapid onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms and autonomic dysfunction. The mechanism of pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, but is thought to be related to antibodies targeting the GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor with resultant downstream dysregulation of dopaminergic pathways. Young adults are most frequently affected; the median age at diagnosis is 21 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJAMA Neurol
March 2024
Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Importance: Antemortem infection is a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)-the leading postneonatal cause of infant mortality in the developed world. Manifestations of infection and inflammation are not always apparent in clinical settings or by standard autopsy; thus, enhanced resolution approaches are needed.
Objective: To ascertain whether a subset of SIDS cases is associated with neuroinflammation and occult infection.
Sci Rep
January 2024
Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
Mosquito-borne diseases pose ongoing global health concerns, demanding more cost-efficient methods to detect pathogens to support enhanced surveillance efforts. This study introduces an adapted TRIzol-based high-throughput RNA extraction protocol, tailored for the detection of California serogroup viruses in pooled mosquito samples in a rapid and cost-effective manner. This approach provided consistent RNA yields and sensitive viral detection relative to two commercial extraction kits (QIAGEN RNeasy Mini Kit and MACHEREY-NAGEL NucleoSpin RNA Plus Kit).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViruses
January 2024
Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, 37024 Verona, Italy.
Toscana virus (TOSV), a sandfly-borne virus, is an important etiological agent in human acute meningitis and meningoencephalitis in the Mediterranean area during the summer. However, the actual number of TOSV infections is underestimated. Laboratory confirmation is necessary because TOSV infection has overlapping clinical features with other neuro-invasive viral infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiagn Microbiol Infect Dis
April 2024
Infectious Diseases, Westchester Medical Center, 100 Woods Road, Valhalla, New York, 10595 USA; New York Medical College, 40 Sunshine Cottage Road, Valhalla, New York, 10595, USA. Electronic address:
Background seropositivity rates for specific antibodies to Jamestown Canyon Virus (JCV) can exceed 25 % in certain geographic areas in the United States. This can potentially lead to diagnostic confusion, as apparently illustrated by a patient from New Jersey with Powassan virus encephalitis, who also tested positive for antibodies to JCV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Case Rep
January 2024
Department of Pharmacy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
BACKGROUND Despite the preponderance of evidence of immune-driven pathophysiology of disease in herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis, current treatment paradigms do not officially recommend adjunctive immunomodulatory therapy in addition to acyclovir. This may in part explain the poor long-term outcomes in patients with severe HSV encephalitis. This report is of a 21-year-old man presenting with a 4-day history of nausea, headache, and fever and a diagnosis of HSV-1 encephalitis.
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