Disruption of G3BP1 granules promotes mammalian CNS and PNS axon regeneration.

Depletion or inhibition of core stress granule proteins, G3BP1 in mammals and TIAR-2 in , increases the growth of spontaneously regenerating axons. Inhibition of G3BP1 by expression of its acidic or "B-domain" accelerates axon regeneration after nerve injury, bringing a potential therapeutic strategy for peripheral nerve repair. Here, we asked whether G3BP1 inhibition is a viable strategy to promote regeneration in injured mammalian central nervous system (CNS) where axons do not regenerate spontaneously.

The Current State of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology Staffing in the United States.

Background: The population of patients with congenital heart disease has grown, but the supply of pediatric cardiac anesthesiologists has not kept pace. The Pediatric Anesthesia Leadership Council (PALC) and the Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Society (CCAS) formed a task force to evaluate the current state of the specialty of pediatric cardiac anesthesia, including staffing, work environment, education, compensation, and career development.

Methods: Five task force working groups developed survey questions that explored 5 different aspects of a pediatric cardiac anesthesiologist's career.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and quality of life: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.

The benefit of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in improving quality of life (QoL) has been investigated in randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) with equivocal results. This study explored whether SSRIs could improve QoL in individuals with medical, psychiatric, and neuropsychiatric conditions. RCTs were searched in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Ovid, and Google Scholar.

Asthma Phenotypes and Biomarkers.

Asthma experienced by both adults and children is a phenotypically heterogeneous condition. Severe asthma, characterized by ongoing symptoms and airway inflammation despite high doses of inhaled and/or systemic corticosteroids, is the focus of research efforts to understand this underlying heterogeneity. Clinical phenotypes in both adult and pediatric asthma have been determined using supervised definition-driven classification and unsupervised data-driven clustering methods.

Pandemic risk stemming from the bovine H5N1 outbreak: an account of the knowns and unknowns.

H5N1 subtype influenza A viruses represent a long-standing pandemic concern. Owing to their global occurrence in poultry, humans are routinely exposed to these viruses, and hundreds of human cases have been documented worldwide since 2003. The relevant viral lineages are not static, however, and have recently undergone a massive expansion of host range and geographic distribution.

Exploring cognitive and neuroimaging profiles of dementia subtypes of individuals with dementia in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Objective: The 2024 Alzheimer's Association (AA) research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) considers fluid biomarkers, including promising blood-based biomarkers for detecting AD. This study aims to identify dementia subtypes and their cognitive and neuroimaging profiles in older adults with dementia in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) using biomarkers and clinical data.

Methods: Forty-five individuals with dementia over 65 years old were evaluated using the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia and the informant-based Alzheimer's Questionnaire.

Arterial thromboembolism, antithrombotic therapy, and risk of recurrent thromboembolism in children with CHD undergoing cardiac surgery.

Introduction: Data on arterial thromboembolism in children undergoing cardiac surgery are limited. We sought to characterise, and estimate rates of, incident and recurrent arterial thromboembolism, and describe antithrombotic therapies for treatment in a large multinational population of children with CHD undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods: We queried the TriNetX global electronic health record (derived real-world data research platform) from 2017 to 2024 for patients less than 18 years of age and an index arterial thromboembolism within 1 year of congenital cardiac surgery.

Risk of late sudden death after surgery for congenital heart disease.

Background: Sudden cardiac death is a significant concern among patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). We assessed the risk of remote sudden cardiac death after congenital heart surgery.

Methods: Patients undergoing congenital heart surgery before 21 years of age between 1982 and 2003 in the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium registry were linked to National Death Index data through 2019.

A review of gut failure as a cause and consequence of critical illness.

In critical illness, all elements of gut function are perturbed. Dysbiosis develops as the gut microbial community loses taxonomic diversity and new virulence factors appear. Intestinal permeability increases, allowing for translocation of bacteria and/or bacterial products.

Heteronymous feedback from quadriceps onto soleus in stroke survivors.

Background: Recent findings suggest increased excitatory heteronymous feedback from quadriceps onto soleus may contribute to abnormal coactivation of knee and ankle extensors after stroke. However, there is lack of consensus on whether persons post-stroke exhibit altered heteronymous reflexes and, when present, the origin of increased excitation (i.e.

The conserved HIV-1 spacer peptide 2 triggers matrix lattice maturation.

The virus particles of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are released in an immature, non-infectious form. Proteolytic cleavage of the main structural polyprotein Gag into functional domains induces rearrangement into mature, infectious virions. In immature virus particles, the Gag membrane-binding domain, MA, forms a hexameric protein lattice that undergoes structural transition, following cleavage, into a distinct, mature MA lattice.

Communication Interventions Targeting Both Patients and Clinicians in Oncology: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: High quality communication between individuals with cancer and their clinicians is a cornerstone of patient-centered oncology practice. Many communication skills training interventions have been evaluated to support either oncology clinicians or patients. However, there is little information regarding the scope and efficacy of combined communication interventions in oncology, or communication interventions targeting both patients and clinicians.

Hybrid coronary revascularization versus traditional coronary artery bypass grafting for left main coronary artery disease.

Background: The current recommended intervention for significant left main (LM) stenosis, especially in patients with complex and high SYNTAX score disease, is coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) combines robotic coronary artery bypass and percutaneous coronary intervention, offering a less invasive approach for patients with LM disease.

Objectives: We compare clinical outcomes between HCR and CABG in patients with LM disease.

Late Clinical Outcomes of Balloon-Expandable Valves in Small Annuli: Results From the PARTNER Trials.

Background: Short-term clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are similar in individuals with small or large annuli. The longer term impact of prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) and mean gradient (MG) post-TAVR in these patients remains controversial.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate 5-year outcomes in patients with small vs large annuli.

Computational Phenotyping of Effort-Based Decision Making in Unmedicated Adults with Remitted Depression.

Background: Reduced motivation is an core feature of major depressive disorder (MDD). Yet, the extent to which this deficit persists in remitted MDD (rMDD) remains unclear. Here, we examined effort-based decision-making as one aspect of amotivation in rMDD using computational phenotyping to characterize decision-making processes and strategies.

Regional Near-surface Dose Predicts Moist Desquamation and Implant Failure in Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer.

Purpose/objective: We correlated regional near-surface dose with toxic effects and implant complications in patients receiving breast or chest wall irradiation. We also compared toxic effects and implant complications between patients receiving photon or proton irradiation with prospective near-surface dose optimization.

Materials/methods: Patients at a single institution who received conventionally fractionated breast or chest wall and regional nodal irradiation from 2017-2022 were included.

Cervical Human Papillomavirus-independent squamous cell carcinoma: a clinicopathological review and outcomes analysis in comparison to Human Papillomavirus-associated squamous cell carcinoma.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-independent cervical squamous cell carcinomas (HPVI SCC) represent a poorly characterized entity. We aimed to explore the clinicopathologic and survival features in the largest series of HPVI SCCs and compare them to HPV-associated (HPVA) SCCs. 89 cases of SCC previously tested negative for high-risk and low-risk-HPV were collected from 22 institutions.

A Comprehensive Approach to Clinical Decision Support in the Return of Genome Informed Risk Assessments to Primary Care Pediatricians.

Background:  Primary care pediatricians play an important role in genetic testing, including referrals, test ordering, responding to results, assessing risk, treatment, and managing care. As genetic testing rapidly evolves to include new tests identifying patients at risk for certain conditions, alert-based clinical decision support is insufficient in assisting pediatric primary care providers in working with patients, parents, genetics, and other specialties. Supporting pediatricians in the return of these results requires addressing gaps in genetics training and integrating genetics into practice with education, information resources, and specialized tools.

A Multicenter Training and Interrater Reliability Study of the BASED Score for Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome.

Purpose: The best possible outcomes in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome require electroclinical remission; however, determining electrographic remission is not straightforward. Although the determination of hypsarrhythmia has inadequate interrater reliability (IRR), the Burden of AmplitudeS and Epileptiform Discharges (BASED) score has shown promise for the reliable interictal assessment of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome. Our aim was to develop a BASED training program and assess the IRR among learners.

Implicit Racial Bias and Unintentional Harm in Vascular Care.

Importance: Implicit bias may influence physician treatment decisions and contribute to Black-White health disparities. There are limited data linking implicit bias with actual care delivery and outcomes.

Objective: To determine whether implicit racial bias is associated with potentially harmful surgical treatment selection for a cohort of patients with peripheral artery disease-related claudication.

Comparing maximum and average numerical rating scale pain scores in hidradenitis suppurativa.

Pain is the most impactful and burdensome symptom of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and profoundly affects patients' quality of life. There is variation in how trials measure HS pain, with some reporting maximum and others reporting average 7-day pain. It remains unknown whether there is a difference between these measures and which is more strongly associated with quality of life in HS.

The number of conspecific alarm substance donors notably influences the behavioural responses of zebrafish subjected to a traumatic stress procedure.

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) represents a complementary pre-clinical model in stress and anxiety research. Conspecific alarm substance (CAS), an alarm pheromone secreted by injured fish, acts as a warning signal and modulates fear responses. Given their schooling nature and that injury precedes CAS release, varying fresh CAS concentrations extracted from different numbers of CAS-donating zebrafish may uniquely influence trauma-related behaviours.

Polynucleotide and Hyaluronic Acid Mixture for Skin Wound Dressing for Accelerated Wound Healing.

Background: Skin wound healing is a complex process requiring coordinated cellular and molecular interactions. Polynucleotides (PN) and hyaluronic acid (HA) have emerged as promising agents in regenerative medicine due to their ability to enhance cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Combining PN and HA offers potential synergistic effects, accelerating wound repair.