Long-Term Functional Rescue of Trauma-Induced Vision Loss by a Novel, Small Molecule TrkB Activator.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling through the tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor promotes neuronal growth and survival following an injury. However, its short half-life and pleiotropic effects limit the clinical use of BDNF as a therapy in neurodegenerative disorders. Identification of novel and selective TrkB activators may ameliorate the damage caused to retinal neurons during eye-related injuries, and may reduce adverse visual outcomes associated with visual trauma.

Macro- and micro-influencers of antimicrobial costs…What do stewardship programs need to know?

The high cost of antimicrobials presents critical challenges for healthcare providers managing infections amidst the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). High costs hinder access to necessary treatments, disproportionately affecting disadvantaged populations and exacerbating health disparities. High drug prices necessitate the use of less effective or more toxic alternatives, leading to suboptimal outcomes and prolonged hospitalizations.

Prevalence of Health Harming Legal Needs of Patients Seeking Care in the Emergency Department.

Objectives: Patients seeking care in the emergency department (ED) often have unmet social needs that impact their health and health outcomes. Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) have been shown to positively impact social and legal needs of patients yet few ED-MLPs exist. The goal of this study was to explore the prevalence of health-harming legal needs (HHLNs) that could be addressed through an ED-MLP.

More Than Just Stool: Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Presenting as Persistent Diarrhea in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis.

We highlight a case of non-infectious diarrhea that progressed despite supportive care, prompting further workup. A 50-year-old man presented with 1 week of voluminous diarrhea, nausea, emesis, and abdominal pain. His history included ulcerative colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, treated via total colectomy with ileoanal pouch, treated disseminated complex, and international travel.

Enhancing Team Dynamics and Leadership Skills for Residents Leading Multidisciplinary In-Patient Cardiac Arrest Teams.

Background: Cardiac arrest is a prevalent event with low survival rates, both in out-of-hospital and in-hospital settings. There is a lack of specific training programs addressing team dynamics and leadership skills during resuscitation events, creating a clinical gap. This project aimed to enhance team dynamics and improve leadership skills during IHCA resuscitation events.

Exploring The Contours: Navigating Cannabis Use Among Older Adults.

Cannabis has been employed medicinally throughout history, with recent renewed interest for use due to media awareness and medical marijuana legislation. The geriatric population, identified as those 65 years of age and older, is increasingly using cannabis-derived products, has a higher likelihood of having multiple comorbidities, and is subject to polypharmacy. These individuals are at increased risk of psychiatric and other medical adverse events due to their decreased physical and cognitive reserve and changes in their physicality.

Purine Metabolism and Dystonia: Perspectives of a Long-Promised Relationship.

Dystonia research focuses on the identification of converging biological pathways, allowing to define molecular drivers that serve as treatment targets. We summarize evidence supporting the concept that aberrations in purine metabolism intersect with dystonia pathogenesis. The recent discovery of IMPDH2-related dystonia introduced a gain-of-function paradigm in purinergic system defects, offering new perspectives to understand purine-pool imbalances in brain diseases.

Tracing Cellular Senescence in Bone: Time-Dependent Changes in Osteocyte Cytoskeleton Mechanics and Morphology.

Aging-related bone loss significantly impacts the growing elderly population globally, leading to debilitating conditions such as osteoporosis. Senescent osteocytes play a crucial role in the aging process of bone. This longitudinal study examines the impact of continuous local and paracrine exposure to senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors on biophysical and biomolecular markers in osteocytes.

Patient-Reported Outcomes for Patients with Previously Treated Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Tarlatamab: Results from the DeLLphi-301 Phase 2 Trial.

Introduction: Tarlatamab demonstrated a durable response and promising survival outcomes in patients with previously treated small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in the phase 2, open-label DeLLphi-301 trial. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were evaluated to assess the benefit-risk profile of tarlatamab.

Methods: Patients received tarlatamab intravenously every 2 weeks at a dose of 10 mg (regulatory approved dose) or 100-mg until progression or loss of benefit.

CD47 is required for mesenchymal progenitor proliferation and fracture repair.

CD47 is a ubiquitous and pleiotropic cell-surface receptor. Disrupting CD47 enhances injury repair in various tissues but the role of CD47 has not been studied in bone injuries. In a murine closed-fracture model, CD47-null mice showed decreased callus bone formation as assessed by microcomputed tomography 10 days post-fracture and increased fibrous volume as determined by histology.

A birth cohort observational study to assess the association of prenatal biomarkers of organophosphates with visual attention, recognition memory and information processing among Thai infants.

Background: Organophosphates (OPs) are neurotoxicants used to control pests on crops (e.g., rice).

Vessels Spanning Avascular Retina in Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy.

The authors describe a fluorescein angiography finding of thick bridging vessels spanning peripheral avascular retina (BVSPAR) in 7.8% of eyes with FEVR. BVSPAR may be associated with poor outcomes and worsening traction after treatment.

Adapting a Risk Prediction Tool for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome.

Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends up to 7 days of observation for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) in infants with chronic opioid exposure. However, many of these infants will not develop NOWS, and infants with seemingly less exposure to opioids may develop severe NOWS that requires in-hospital pharmacotherapy. We adapted and validated a prediction model to help clinicians identify infants at birth who will develop severe NOWS.

Role of non-human primate models in accelerating research and developing countermeasures against Zika virus infection.

Zika virus, a mosquito-transmitted orthoflavivirus, has become a pathogen of global health concern ever since the virus caused an epidemic in Brazil in 2015 associated with approximately 700 000 laboratory-confirmed cases of congenital microcephaly. The subsequent spread of the epidemic in 2016 resulted in a wide spectrum of congenital neurological, ophthalmological, and developmental abnormalities across the Americas, Africa, and Asia. In this context, non-human primate models have become essential tools for Zika virus research to understand the pathogenesis of congenital brain injury and perinatal complications and for developing and testing medical countermeasures such as vaccines, diagnostics, and therapeutics.

Heterozygous loss-of-function variants in SPTAN1 cause an early childhood onset distal myopathy.

Purpose: Heterozygous pathogenic variants in SPTAN1 cause a diverse spectrum of neurogenetic disorders ranging from peripheral and central nervous system involvement to complex syndromic presentations. We set out to investigate the role of SPTAN1 in genetically unsolved hereditary myopathies.

Methods: Through international collaboration we identified 14 families with distal weakness and heterozygous SPTAN1 loss-of-function variants.

Hidradenitis Suppurativa Symptom Relief: Pain and Itch.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that may cause debilitating pain and itch. Given their physical and psychological burden, recognition and treatment of HS-associated symptoms are critical for supporting patients with HS. The complex nature of HS pain, encompassing acute and chronic timing as well as nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic character, requires a tailored treatment approach.

Predictors of visual outcome in optic neuropathy of sarcoidosis.

Background: Up to 25 % of patients with neurosarcoidosis develop optic neuropathy, and prior observational studies have demonstrated a sizeable portion of these patients will remain significantly visually impaired. Despite its major influence on future disability, no prognostic factors are available to predict the potential for visual recovery.

Objective: To evaluate clinical and paraclinical data for their ability to predict final visual outcomes in sarcoid optic neuropathy.

Long-Term Safety of Epicutaneous Immunotherapy in Peanut-Allergic Children: An Open-Label Active Treatment (REALISE Study).

Background: Due to limited treatment options for peanut allergy, patients remain at risk for allergic reactions due to accidental exposure. Epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) is a novel treatment being investigated for peanut allergy.

Objective: This study assessed long-term safety of EPIT with VIASKIN® peanut patch 250 μg (VP250) via an open-label extension of the REAL Life Use and Safety of EPIT (REALISE) trial.

Leveraging animal models to understand non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease is diagnosed based on motor symptoms, but non-motor symptoms of the disease, such as cognitive impairment, autonomic dysfunction, hyposmia, sleep disorders, and psychiatric disorders heavily impact patient and caregiver quality of life. It has proven challenging to faithfully reproduce and quantify these non-motor phenotypes. Indeed, many non-motor signs in animals that may phenotypically resemble features in patients may be caused by different mechanisms or may not be consistent within the same or similar models.

Trends in Sex Disparities in Access to Kidney Transplantation: A Nationwide US Cohort Study.

Rationale & Objective: Women with kidney failure have reduced access to kidney transplantation compared to men. We examined trends in sex inequities in access to transplantation over time.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

L-theanine ameliorates traumatic-brain-injury-induced hippocampal neuronal death in rats.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern, often resulting in significant brain damage and functional impairments. A key contributing factor to TBI-induced neuronal injury is the overactivation of AMPA glutamate receptors, leading to an increased influx of calcium and zinc ions. This study investigates the neuroprotective potential of l-theanine, known for its antioxidant potential and ability to enhance glutathione synthesis, against hippocampal damage in a TBI rat model.

EXPRESS: The American Federation for Medical Research Maintains Commitment to Decades of Support of Vaccine and Vaccination Research to Improve Public Health.

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Prolonged adverse effects from repeated psilocybin use in an underground psychedelic therapy training program: a case report.

Background: Psychedelic-assisted therapy has gained growing interest to improve a range of mental health outcomes. In response, numerous training programs have formed to train the necessary workforce to deliver psychedelic therapy. These include both legal and 'underground' (i.

R-pyocins as targeted antimicrobials against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

R-pyocins, bacteriocin-like proteins produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, present a promising alternative to phage therapy and/or adjunct to currently used antimicrobials in treating bacterial infections due to their targeted specificity, lack of replication, and stability. This review explores the structural, mechanistic, and therapeutic aspects of R-pyocins, including their potential for chronic infection management, and discusses recent advances in delivery methods, paving the way for novel antimicrobial applications in clinical settings.