pTDP-43 levels correlate with cell type-specific molecular alterations in the prefrontal cortex of ALS/FTD patients.

Repeat expansions in the gene are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and familial frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD). To identify molecular defects that take place in the dorsolateral frontal cortex of patients with ALS/FTD, we compared healthy controls with ALS/FTD donor samples staged based on the levels of cortical phosphorylated TAR DNA binding protein (pTDP-43), a neuropathological hallmark of disease progression. We identified distinct molecular changes in different cell types that take place during FTD development.

Paxlovid-induced tacrolimus toxicity in a 16-year-old male with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.

In December 2021, the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved emergency use authorization of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid) to prevent serious SARS-CoV-2 infections in high-risk patient populations. We present the case of a 16-year-old male with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome who developed tacrolimus toxicity after initiation of Paxlovid therapy. The ritonavir component strongly inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes, thereby leading to the accumulation of tacrolimus in the blood.

Facial Feminization Surgery and Mental Health Resource Utilization: A Retrospective Institutional Review.

Objective: This study aims to assess the effects of facial feminization surgery (FFS) on mental health resource utilization among patients with gender dysphoria within an integrated multicenter health care system.

Study Design: A retrospective database review.

Setting: An equal-access, integrated health care system.

Dynamic Mapping of the Methylproteome Using a Chemoenzymatic Approach.

Dynamic protein post-translational methylation is essential for cellular function, highlighted by the essential role of methylation in transcriptional regulation and its aberrant dysregulation in diseases, including cancer. This underscores the importance of cataloging the cellular methylproteome. However, comprehensive analysis of the methylproteome remains elusive due to limitations in current enrichment and analysis pipelines.

Effect of Early Life Trauma Exposure on Vascular Dysfunction in Black Men and Women.

Background: Psychosocial stressors such as childhood trauma have been associated with an increased risk of hypertension. The impact of childhood trauma on vascular dysfunction in Black adults remains less clear. We examined the association between childhood trauma and vascular function in Black adults.

Educational Attainment and Employment Status of Adults Living With Congenital Heart Disease in the United States, CH STRONG 2016-2019.

Background: Our objective was to characterize the education and employment history of young adults with congenital heart defects (CHD) living in the United States.

Methods: The 2016-2019 Congenital Heart Survey To Recognize Outcomes, Needs, and well-beinG collected data from young adults (ages 19-38) with CHD identified from active birth defect in Arkansas, Arizona, and Atlanta, Georgia. Educational attainment, employment history, and special education between kindergarten and 12th grade were self-/proxy-reported.

Illnesses associated with ketosis including diabetic ketoacidosis during very low carbohydrate and ketogenic diets.

Aims: Ketogenic diets are used by individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes for improved glycaemic control, reduced appetite and weight loss. However, the risks associated with higher ketone levels, including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), in individuals with and without diabetes are not well-documented.

Materials And Methods: We analysed real world data from a single-centre telemedicine clinic specializing in a very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (VLCKD) as a lifestyle intervention.

Body mass index changes after fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent infection.

Background: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a successful therapy for infection (CDI). FMT from overweight donors is speculated to influence the recipient's body mass index (BMI) after administration for CDI.

Objectives: We investigated changes in the recipient's BMI after FMT in relation to the donor's BMI.

Perceptions and attitudes of medical students toward opioid education: A qualitative study.

Objective: Explore the perceptions and attitudes of medical students regarding their education in opioid prescribing for pain management.

Design: Three focus group discussions elicited open-ended, information-rich responses from medical students attending multiple institutions. Thematic analysis identified common themes from focus group transcript data.

Reduced retinal microvascular density in women with coronary microvascular dysfunction: A pilot study.

Objective: To compare retinal microvascular density among women with ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) with and without coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Patients with myocardial INOCA often have CMD, possibly indicating systemic vascular dysfunction.

Metabolic Signatures in Adipose Tissue Linking Lipophilic Persistent Organic Pollutant Mixtures to Blood Pressure Five Years After Bariatric Surgery Among Adolescents.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are lipophilic environmental contaminants accumulated in the adipose tissue. Weight loss interventions, such as bariatric surgery, can mobilize POPs from adipose tissue into the bloodstream. We hypothesized that this mobilization could contribute to increases in blood pressure among 57 adolescents with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery.

Treatment and Decision-Making Preferences of Adolescents and Young Adults With Advanced Cancer and Their Parents or Trusted Persons: An Adaptive Conjoint Analysis Study.

Purpose: Treatment decision-making in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) requires preference consideration and tradeoffs. Using MyPref, an adaptive conjoint analysis tool, we examined and compared the decision-making and treatment preferences of both AYAs and their parent or other trusted person (PTP).

Patients And Methods: AYAs aged 15-30 with advanced cancer independently completed MyPref, including demographic questions, the Control Preference Scale, and the adaptive conjoint analysis survey.

Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasound in Neck Node NIRADS Category 2.

Background And Purpose: The NI-RADS scoring system standardized imaging surveillance of head and neck (H&N) cancer with risk classification. A nodal NIRADS score of 2 on contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) of the neck indicates low suspicion for recurrence/persistent disease and close follow-up or addition of PET are recommended. The unclear follow-up imaging findings and/or mild FDG uptake raise patient's anxiety of potential delay in diagnosis and intervention while adding high imaging cost.

Oral 4'-fluorouridine rescues mice from advanced lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection.

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) can cause severe, life-threatening infection and disease in organ transplant recipients and other immunocompromised individuals. Additionally, significant developmental and neurological disabilities, vision impairments, and miscarriages can occur as a direct result of LCMV infection during pregnancy. Currently, there are no approved antiviral drugs to protect at-risk populations.

A roadmap for uniform comprehensive long- term follow up after curative therapy for sickle cell disease.

An increasing number of allogeneic transplant and autologous gene modification transplant therapies seek to eradicate sickle hemoglobin and the consequent hemolysis, vasculopathy, functional compromise, morbidity and mortality. As these modalities are used in parallel, it is important to be able to define the spectrum and stability of correction, long-term effects, and the pros and cons of each modality. A comparison between interventions that will be sought by providers and patients undergoing intervention require uniform assessments that evaluate disease-related and intervention-related effects for informed decision-making.

A multi-perspective study assessing Black and African American participation barriers in prostate cancer clinical trials.

Aims: This study aimed to partner with patients, advocates, and physicians to better understand the barriers that exist for Black and African Americans to enroll in prostate cancer (PCa) clinical trials.

Patients & Methods: Through moderated discussions with patients, advocates, and physicians, we identified potential opportunities to increase the enrollment of underrepresented patients in PCa clinical trials.

Results: We identified key barriers to Black and African American enrollment in PCa clinical trials that were shared by all groups but also identified group-specific barriers.

Proposed Core Outcomes After Neonatal Sepsis: A Consensus Statement.

Importance: Sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality. There is heterogeneity in the outcomes measured and reported in studies of neonatal sepsis. To address this challenge, a core outcome set (COS) for research on neonatal sepsis was needed.

Recreational older ballet dancers fall less with more effective reactive balance control than non-dancers after a slip during gait.

Recent work revealed that recreational ballet practice reduces older adults' fall risk after a standing-slip perturbation. However, whether such ballet practice can lead to decreased falls and better reactive motor control after a gait-slip among older adults remains unclear. This study investigated whether ballet reduces older adults' gait-slip falls and the possible neuromuscular and biomechanical mechanisms responsible for fall risk reduction.

Actin Filament Pointed Ends: Assays for Regulation of Assembly and Disassembly by Tropomodulin and Tropomyosin.

Actin filaments are dynamic polymers whose length depends on regulated monomer association and dissociation at their ends. Actin barbed-end dynamics are relatively better understood, primarily due to the approximately tenfold faster subunit on/off rates at barbed versus pointed ends. We present experimental approaches to selectively assay actin pointed-end regulation using bulk biochemistry, single filament imaging, and live cell microscopy with an emphasis on tropomodulins (Tmods), a conserved family of eukaryotic proteins that specifically cap pointed ends.

The Impact of Social Media for Hand Surgeons: A Prevalence and Correlation Study With Online and Academic Reputations.

Purpose: This study examines the influence of social media use among orthopedic and plastic-trained hand surgeons on patient-reported ratings online and academic productivity.

Methods: The American Society of Surgery of the Hand directory was queried for actively practicing orthopedic and plastic surgeons with a hand surgery fellowship. Each name was searched on various social media platforms.

Replication kinetics of novel swine influenza A viruses: an approach to vaccine production.

Novel swine Influenza A viruses (IAVs) have been described in South America. The objective of this study was to evaluate the replication kinetics of novel swine IAVs as a first step in vaccine production. Different swine IAV lineages (H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2), infection doses (MOI: 1, 0.