Specific location of ocular adnexal lymphoma and mortality: an international multicentre retrospective study.

Aims: To examine whether the specific location of ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM tumour stage are prognostic factors for mortality in the main OAL subtypes.

Methods: Clinical and survival data were retrospectively collected from seven international eye cancer centres. All patients from 1980 to 2017 with histologically verified primary or secondary OAL were included.

Quantitative Study of Human Scleral Melanocytes and Their Topographical Distribution.

Purpose: While fibroblasts constitute the main cell component of the sclera, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the cell densities of melanocytes at different regions of the sclera, and to compare them with associated scleral fibroblast densities in human donor eye sections.

Methods: . Paraffin-embedded sections of sclera from 21 human eyes were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical staining (S-100/AEC).

International multicentre retrospective cohort study of ocular adnexal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma.

Backgrounds/aims: To date, this is the largest cohort study on extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (EMZL) of the ocular adnexa (OA). The aim of the study was to characterise the clinical features of OA-EMZL.

Methods: A retrospective multicentre study involving seven international eye cancer centres.

Ab interno stenting procedures.

Unlabelled: Trabecular bypass was first used as a surgical treatment for glaucoma more than 100 years ago and aims to circumvent the trabecular meshwork, thought to be the main site of aqueous humor outflow resistance. The emerging field of microinvasive glaucoma surgery has brought a new ab interno trabecular microbypass stent through the U.S.

Lens-based glaucoma surgery: using cataract surgery to reduce intraocular pressure.

Unlabelled: Cataract surgery has been demonstrated to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with glaucoma. The evidence is strong in angle-closure patients that cataract surgery improves IOP and dramatically reduces the future risk for IOP spikes and acute attacks. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that cataract surgery may be preferable to laser iridotomy or phacotrabeculectomy.

Barriers to glaucoma drug delivery.

Topical medications remain the mainstay of glaucoma treatment. This review will aim to cover the pharmacokinetics of topically applied drops, the ocular barriers to drug delivery, and the role of ophthalmic drug formulation in enhancing drug delivery to the target tissue while minimizing side effects and increasing patient compliance. Recent advances in surgical techniques, therapeutic approaches, and material sciences have produced exciting new therapies for ocular diseases.

In vivo corneal epithelial permeability following treatment with prostaglandin analogs [correction of analoges] with or without benzalkonium chloride.

The effects of two intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering agents, latanoprost with 0.02% benzylalkonium chloride (BAK) and travoprost Z without BAK, on corneal epithelial permeability, assessed by carboxyfluorescein uptake, were compared in a rabbit cornea model (n = 12). Loss of epithelial tight junctions was measured by ruthenium red uptake with transmission electron microscopy.

Pharmacokinetics of intraocular drug delivery by periocular injections using ocular fluorophotometry.

Purpose: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the periocular injections: posterior subtenon (PST), retrobulbar (RB), and subconjunctival (SC) injection.

Methods: Two sodium fluorescein (NaF) concentrations, 2.5 mg in 0.

Ocular drug delivery.

Drug delivery to the eye is hampered by anatomical factors, including the corneal epithelium, the blood-aqueous barrier and the blood-retinal barrier. This review aims to outline the major routes of ocular drug delivery, including systemic, topical, periocular and intravitreal. The pharmacokinetics, the disadvantages and the clinical relevance of these drug delivery routes have been emphasised.

Intracorneal injection of amphothericin B for recurrent fungal keratitis and endophthalmitis.

Penetrating keratoplasty carries an infectious risk. Its requirement for topical corticosteroid therapy facilitates fungal growth with resulting keratitis. Although progression of fungal keratitis to intraocular infection is uncommon, endophthalmitis resulting from keratitis usually has a poor visual prognosis.

High myopia associated with retinopathy of prematurity is primarily lenticular.

Purpose: To determine which of the eye's refractive components are responsible for the high myopia in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), as compared with highly myopic eyes in full-term patients.

Methods: The study included 53 highly myopic eyes in 34 patients with a history of ROP, and 66 highly myopic eyes in 37 full-term patients. Measurements included refraction, keratometry, and A-scan values for axial length, lens thickness, lens position, anterior chamber depth, anterior segment depth, and lens power calculations.

Multilayered retinal microglial response to optic nerve transection in rats.

Purpose: Microglia normally exist in several layers across the retinal thickness. When retinal ganglion cells undergo apoptosis after lesion to their axons, microglial cells proliferate and promptly clear the debris. We have previously reported on the phagocytic response following optic nerve axotomy.

Risk factors for retention of subretinal perfluorocarbon liquid in vitreoretinal surgery.

Purpose: To analyze factors that may lead to inadvertent subretinal retention of perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) after vitreoretinal surgery and compare surgical outcomes and complications associated with these events.

Design: Consecutive retrospective study.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of 72 vitreoretinal surgeries using intraoperative PFCL and its removal through fluid-air exchange and subsequent tamponade.

Ocular surgical pharmacology: corneal endothelial safety and toxicity.

The purpose of this review is to discuss the recently published literature related to corneal endothelial toxicity and safety. We discuss postoperative complications, such as toxic endothelial cell destruction syndrome and toxic anterior segment syndrome, that cause significant injury to the patient and anxiety to the physician. Additionally, we review recent papers related to intraocular medications, preservatives, and devices, including antibiotics, anesthetics, viscoelastics, and enzymatic sterilization detergents, that have potentially toxic effects on the corneal endothelium.

Increased endothelial cell density in the paracentral and peripheral regions of the human cornea.

Purpose: To systematically investigate the central, paracentral, and peripheral endothelial cell density (ECD) in normal human corneas.

Design: Observational case series and experimental study.

Methods: Noncontact specular microscopy was undertaken to determine the ECD of the central, paracentral (2.

Submacular surgery trials update.

Submacular surgery is a method of therapy for subfoveal CNV from multiple causes. It was first reported in the late 1980s. Since then, refinements in patient selection and surgical technique have reduced complications and made it a viable alternative to existing treatments and natural history for this condition.

Neovascular membranes associated with idiopathic juxtafoveolar telangiectasis.

Objective: To report the visual outcome in patients with a neovascular membrane (NVM) associated with idiopathic juxtafoveolar telangiectasis (IJFT).

Methods: We performed a retrospective, noncomparative analysis of 26 eyes of 16 patients with an NVM associated with bilateral IJFT (Gass classification group 2A). Eyes were divided into 2 groups: group WO (n = 11) included eyes with IJFT without evidence of an NVM on initial examination; eyes in group W (n = 15) had an NVM at the initial diagnosis of IJFT.

The illuminated high contrast macular grid: a pilot study.

Background: Analysis of visual disturbances in the central 10 degrees provides valuable data for the low vision clinician. Amsler grid testing in the visually impaired can be poorly visible and it can be difficult to transcribe results. Automated perimeters will accurately map retinal defects, but the equipment is expensive and this technique is time consuming.

Sarcoid optic neuropathy: a case report.

Background: Sarcoidosis is frequently overlooked as a cause of optic neuropathy. A cascade of immune interactions has been cited in the pathogenesis. Optic nerve involvement can be the initial manifestation of systemic disease, making the diagnosis even more elusive.

Characterization of corneal endothelium cell cultured on microporous membrane filters.

In these experiments we characterize rabbit and bovine corneal endothelia cell cultured on microporous membrane filters (0.6cm2). Cell cultured bovine or rabbit corneal endothelial cells (subcultures 1-3) were seeded onto Millicell-HA filter inserts.