The Nine-Step Minnesota Grading System for Eyebank Eyes With Age Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Approach to Study Disease Stages.

Purpose: To refine the Minnesota Grading System (MGS) using definitions from the Age-Related Eye Disease Studies (AREDS) into a nine-step grading scale (MGS-9).

Methods: A nine-step grading scale descriptive analysis using three key phenotypic features (total drusen area, increased, and decreased pigmentation) of human eyebank eyes that were graded according to definitions from the AREDS criteria in order to harmonize studies of disease progression for research involving human tissue. From 2005 through February 2017, we have analyzed 1159 human eyes, procured from two eyebanks.

A Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Choroidal Neovascularization in a Porcine Model Using Three Targeted Drugs.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of microneedle-delivered suprachoroidal (SC) pazopanib to intravitreal (Ivit) delivery of pazopanib, bevacizumab, or a fusion protein hI-con1 versus vehicle controls on choroidal neovascularization (CNV) growth in a pig model.

Methods: Forty-one pigs were injected on the day of CNV induction (hI-con1 on postinduction day 14) with either 2.5 mg Ivit bevacizumab (n = 9), 1 mg Ivit pazopanib (n = 9), 300 Ivit μg hI-con1 (n = 4), or 1 mg SC pazopanib (n = 9), vs.

The Economic Model of Retinopathy of Prematurity (EcROP) Screening and Treatment: Mexico and the United States.

Purpose: To describe an economic (Ec) model for estimating the impact of screening and treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Design: EcROP is a cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, and cost-benefit analysis.

Methods: We surveyed caregivers of 52 children at schools for the blind or pediatric eye clinics in Atlanta, Georgia and 43 in Mexico City.

Botulinum toxin a treatment of consecutive esotropia in children.

Objective: To assess the outcome of botulinum A toxin (BTXA) to treat surgically overcorrected intermittent exotropia in children.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on a series of children with consecutive esotropia treated with BTXA.

Results: Six children with a mean consecutive esotropia of 21 prism diopters (PD) were treated with BTXA at a mean of 19.

Pars plana vitrectomy with endoscope-guided sutured posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in children and adults.

Purpose: To describe a novel method for placement of a sulcus-fixated, sutured posterior chamber intraocular lens (sf-SPC-IOL) using endoscopic guidance during pars plana vitrectomy surgery.

Design: A retrospective case-series by a single surgeon in both pediatric and adult patients undergoing sf-SPC-IOL in the setting of posterior segment surgery.

Methods: Seventy-four eyes of 71 patients had pars plana vitrectomy and placement of an sf-SPC-IOL in an academic, outpatient setting.

Blade source effect on laser in situ keratomileusis flap thickness with the Amadeus I microkeratome.

Purpose: To determine the effect of different blades on laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap thickness created with the Amadeus I microkeratome (Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems).

Setting: Emory University Department of Ophthalmology and Emory Vision, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Methods: This retrospective nonrandomized comparative case study from January 2005 through June 2006 compared LASIK flap thickness created with blades from 2 manufacturers: the Surepass from Surgical Instrument Systems and distributed by AMO and the ML7090 CLB distributed by Med-Logics, Inc.

Traumatic epithelial downgrowth after radial keratotomy.

A 40-year-old white man who had radial keratotomy (RK) in both eyes in 1993 experienced pain, extreme photophobia, and mild loss of uncorrected visual acuity in the right eye after being struck by a nail. The patient presented with a small, deep stromal lesion and was initially treated with a variety of antibiotic regimens without improvement in the lesion's appearance. Upon referral, confocal microscopy was performed and clearly demonstrated epithelial cells in the deep stroma and on the endothelial surface.

Post-laser in-situ keratomileusis ectasia: current understanding and future directions.

Purpose Of Review: The aim of this article is to review the causes, risk factors, management, and future research directions for corneal ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis.

Recent Findings: Complex corneal biomechanical processes influence the integrity of the normal and postoperative cornea, and developing an understanding of these processes facilitates recognition of risk factors for ectasia after laser in-situ keratomileusis. Currently identified risk factors include keratoconus, high myopia, low residual stromal bed thickness from excessive ablation or thick flap creation, and defined topographic abnormalities such as forme fruste keratoconus and pellucid marginal corneal degeneration.

Corneal ectasia after photorefractive keratectomy.

Two patients developed corneal ectasia after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Case 1 had evidence of early keratoconus preoperatively, with manifest refractions of -4.00 +2.

The epidemiology of diffuse lamellar keratitis.

Purpose: To report the incidence and outcomes of diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) after LASIK and to analyze potential causative factors.

Methods: Retrospective review of 15,119 cases (11,232 primary procedures and 3887 enhancements) from 7168 patients undergoing LASIK from May 1995 through October 2002, comparing preoperative data and postoperative outcomes for each case developing DLK to patients in the study population and a control series of eyes that did not develop DLK.

Results: We identified 61 eyes (0.

Determination of corneal image-forming properties from corneal topography.

Keratometry provides useful information about the cornea's image-forming properties, such as corneal astigmatism, but is inaccurate on irregular corneas. Quantitative corneal topographic information is now obtainable on irregular corneas, but is difficult for the clinician to interpret. We developed a method to determine the spherical power, astigmatism, and topographic irregularity of a cornea by finding the best-fit spherocylinder that was closest to its measured topography.

Corneal wound healing in monkeys 18 months after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy.

Excimer laser keratomileusis (photorefractive keratectomy, direct corneal ablation) for myopic corrections of 2.00 diopters (n = 1), 4.00 D (n = 4), and 8.