Pediatric Transplant and Cellular Therapy Consortium RESILIENT Conference on Pediatric Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease Survivorship after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Part II. Organ Dysfunction and Immune Reconstitution Considerations for children with chronic GVHD after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

While highly morbid forms of chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) and severe late effects of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) can impact children and adults alike, unique considerations arise in pediatric cases regarding diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, and likelihood of resolution. As children can present with atypical features of cGVHD, and with more significant disease due to inability to communicate symptoms, they may be at increased risk for highly morbid forms of cGVHD and incur greater subsequent late effects, which may be more pronounced in those with underlying chromosomal breakage syndromes, with higher prevalence in pediatric HCT recipients. The long-term effects of cGVHD and its therapies include impaired immune reconstitution, leading to increased risks of infection and secondary malignant neoplasms.

METTL14-mediated depression of NEIL1 aggravates oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction of lens epithelial cells through regulating KEAP1/NRF2 pathways.

Abnormal base excision repair (BER) pathway and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) of RNA have been proved to be significantly related to age-related cataract (ARC) pathogenesis. However, the relationship between the Nei Endonuclease VIII-Like1 (NEIL1) gene (a representative DNA glycosylase of BER pathway) and its m6A modification remains unclear. Here, we showed that the expression of NEIL1 was decreased in the ARC anterior lens capsules and HO-stimulated SRA01/04 cells.

A quasi-experimental study of general practices' referral to mammography in the post-trials treatment era.

Background: Improvements in breast cancer therapy since the randomized controlled trials of mammography screening might have reduced the screening benefit. Most observational studies of mammography effectiveness would be confounded by these improvements and other factors. Using a design resistant to this confounding, we evaluated whether mammography in asymptomatic women reduces breast cancer mortality during the treatment era succeeding the trials.

A Data-driven Approach to Selecting Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellows for Interviews.

Training programs around the country receive many applications every year with a limited time window to send out invitations for interviews. This poses major barriers to conducting holistic application reviews. To create and implement a data-driven selection process that promotes holistic reviews within a tight timeline to select applicants for invitation to interview.

Neural connectivity underlying core language functions.

Introduction: Although many white matter tracts underlying language functions have been identified, even in aggregate they do not provide a sufficiently detailed and expansive picture to enable us to fully understand the computational processes that might underly language production and comprehension. We employed diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) with a tensor distribution model to more extensively explore the white matter tracts supporting core language functions. Our study was guided by hypotheses stemming largely from the aphasia literature.

The influence of patient gender on exercise prescription in ACL reconstruction rehabilitation.

Objective: To assess differences in physical therapists' exercise prescription and confidence in return-to-sport readiness between girl and boy patients undergoing rehabilitation post-ACLR.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Methods: 115 physical therapist responses were collected in an electronic survey.

Antiseizure medications for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Comprehensive review and proposed consensus treatment algorithm.

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe, childhood-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by multiple drug-resistant seizure types, specific electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns, and significant cognitive and behavioral impairments. To date, eight anti-seizure medications (ASMs) have been specifically approved by the U.S.

Risk Factors for Delayed (>30 Days) Readmission Following Rectal Cancer Surgery.

Introduction: Unplanned, delayed readmissions (>30 ds) following oncologic surgeries can increase mortality and care costs and affect hospital quality indices. However, there is a dearth of literature on rectal cancer surgery. Hence, we aimed to assess the risk factors associated with delayed readmissions following rectal cancer surgery to improve targeted interventions, patient outcomes, and quality indices.

Validation of a Single Item Measure for Financial Toxicity Screening in Patients With Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Financial toxicity (FT) has been linked to higher symptom burden and poorer clinical outcomes for patients with cancer. Despite the availability of validated tools to measure FT, a simple screen remains an unmet need. We evaluated item 12 ("My illness has been a financial hardship to my family and me") of the COmprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) measure as a single-item FT screening measure.

Assessing cardiovascular disease risk and social determinants of health: A comparative analysis of five risk estimation instruments using data from the Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network.

Background: Accurate assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is crucial for effective prevention and resource allocation. However, few CVD risk estimation tools consider social determinants of health (SDoH), despite their known impact on CVD risk. We aimed to estimate 10-year CVD risk in the Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network Cohort Study (ECS) across multiple risk estimation instruments and assess the association between SDoH and CVD risk.

Functional profiling of the sequence stockpile: a protein pair-based assessment of in silico prediction tools.

Motivation: In silico functional annotation of proteins is crucial to narrowing the sequencing-accelerated gap in our understanding of protein activities. Numerous function annotation methods exist, and their ranks have been growing, particularly so with the recent deep learning-based developments. However, it is unclear if these tools are truly predictive.

Prediction of facial nerve outcomes after surgery for vestibular schwannoma using machine learning-based models: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Postoperative facial nerve (FN) dysfunction is associated with a significant impact on the quality of life of patients and can result in psychological stress and disorders such as depression and social isolation. Preoperative prediction of FN outcomes can play a critical role in vestibular schwannomas (VSs) patient care. Several studies have developed machine learning (ML)-based models in predicting FN outcomes following resection of VS.

A Retrospective Analysis of the Impact of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Anxiety Symptoms in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression.

Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). There are limited data on the improvement of anxiety symptoms in patients receiving ECT for TRD.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the extent to which anxiety symptom severity improves, relative to improvements in depressive symptoms, in TRD patients receiving an acute course of ECT.

Optimizing Electroconvulsive Therapy With E-Field Modeling: A Narrative Review.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe depression, especially in treatment-resistant cases. However, its potential cognitive side effects necessitate careful dosing to balance therapeutic benefits and cognitive stability. Recent advances in electric field (E-field) modeling offer promising avenues to optimize ECT dosing.

Circulating and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers of Intestinal Fibrosis in Small Bowel Crohn's Disease.

Background: We previously identified circulating and MRI biomarkers associated with the surgical management of Crohn's disease (CD). Here we tested associations between these biomarkers and ileal resection inflammation and collagen content.

Methods: Fifty CD patients undergoing ileal resection were prospectively enrolled at 4 centers.

Lessons Learned in Virtual Launch of an Antenatal Opioid Exposure Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic prompted researchers to develop new ways to design and launch studies and recruit and retain participants. Pregnant women and infants are considered vulnerable populations in research, and families affected by substance use are particularly difficult to recruit and retain. Recruitment for studies involving medical technologies such as MRI can also be difficult due to misconceptions and fear of the technologies.

The dominant lineage of an emerging pathogen harbours contact-dependent inhibition systems.

Bacteria from the complex (Smc) are important multidrug-resistant pathogens that cause a broad range of infections. Smc is genomically diverse and has been classified into 23 lineages. Lineage Sm6 is the most common among sequenced strains, but it is unclear why this lineage has evolved to be dominant.

-Rearranged Enteric Tumors: Updates on Clinicopathologic and Molecular Genetics Features.

Recent advances in molecular genetics, particularly in identifying and characterizing genetic abnormalities within mesenchymal neoplasms, have led to a more comprehensive and evolving classification system. Modern technological developments in cytogenetics and next-generation sequencing have enabled the analysis of small clinical samples, expanded our understanding of tumor biology, and improved the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive precision by identifying targeted genetic alterations, confirming the presence of fusion transcripts, and/or revealing the overexpression of specific genes and their targets. In this review, we focus specifically on the -rearranged enteric tumor, a recent clinicopathological entity that has emerged within the expanding classification of mesenchymal tumors.

Outcomes of Suction Debulking and Surgery in Patients With Isolated Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis.

Objective: Percutaneous vegetation debulking has been reported to treat tricuspid valve infective endocarditis (TVIE), but data on feasibility compared with conventional surgical strategies are limited. We aimed to compare short-term outcomes of suction debulking with partial venovenous bypass to conventional open surgery in this population.

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study that included all patients with isolated TVIE who underwent suction debulking with partial venovenous bypass or tricuspid valve surgery between January 2010 and December 2022.

The Early Steps to Transplant Access Registry (E-STAR) dashboard: center-specific reporting on prewaitlisting data to improve access to kidney transplantation.

Purpose Of Review: The 2022 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report highlighted inequities in access to kidney transplantation and called for a comprehensive dashboard highlighting early transplant steps, yet data on steps such as referral and evaluation start are limited. Addressing this gap is crucial for improving equity in access to transplantation.

Recent Findings: The Early Steps to Transplant Access Registry (E-STAR) provides a model for how prewaitlisting data can be used to inform quality improvement to drive equity in access to transplantation.

Long term outcomes associated with the use of perioperative systemic chemotherapy on low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms with pseudomyxoma peritonei treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Introduction: Low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) are indolent tumors that lack invasive potential but may present as pseudomyxoma peritonei. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) significantly improves both overall and recurrence free survival. While systemic chemotherapy is generally considered ineffective for LAMN, little literature is available to support this notion.

Novel introductions of human-origin H3N2 influenza viruses in swine, Chile.

Influenza A virus (IAV) continuously threatens animal and public health globally, with swine serving as a crucial reservoir for viral reassortment and evolution. In Chile, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes were introduced in the swine population before the H1N1 2009 pandemic, and the H1N1 was introduced from the H1N1pdm09 by successive reverse zoonotic events. Here, we report two novel introductions of IAV H3N2 human-origin in Chilean swine during 2023.

Utilization of Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty and Arthrodesis in the United States From 2010 to 2019.

Background: Interphalangeal joint (IPJ) arthrodesis and arthroplasty are mainstay treatments for IPJ arthritis with conflicting evidence about the most efficacious choice. Our study describes case volume and incidence over the last decade (2010-2019).

Methods: The IBM MarketScan database was queried using Current Procedural Terminology codes for IPJ arthrodesis and arthroplasty from January 2010 to December 2019.

Cross-species comparisons between pigs and mice reveal conserved sex-specific intraspinal inflammatory responses after spinal cord injury.

Objective: Therapeutic translation is challenging in spinal cord injury (SCI) and large animal models with high clinical relevance may accelerate therapeutic development. Pigs have important anatomical and physiological similarities to humans. Intraspinal inflammation mediates SCI pathophysiology.