Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Is Associated With Endothelial Dysfunction in Women With HIV.

Background: HIV induced endothelial dysfunction (ED) contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women with HIV (WWH). Although psychosocial stress has been implicated in the development of CVD in HIV, its impact on ED in WWH remains unknown.

Objectives: The authors hypothesized that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and HIV interact to contribute to ED in WWH.

Synopsis of the 2023 US Department of Veterans Affairs and US Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Bipolar Disorder.

The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Department of Defense (DOD) Work Group revised the 2013 VA/DOD Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for the Management of Bipolar Disorder (BD). This paper reviews the 2023 CPG and its development process, including how recommendations were made for evidence-based treatment in BD. Subject experts and key stakeholders developed 20 key questions and reviewed the published literature after a systematic search using the PICOTS (population, intervention, comparator, outcomes, timing of outcomes measurement, and setting) method.

Perfusion estimation from dynamic non-contrast computed tomography using self-supervised learning and a physics-inspired U-net transformer architecture.

Purpose: Pulmonary perfusion imaging is a key lung health indicator with clinical utility as a diagnostic and treatment planning tool. However, current nuclear medicine modalities face challenges like low spatial resolution and long acquisition times which limit clinical utility to non-emergency settings and often placing extra financial burden on the patient. This study introduces a novel deep learning approach to predict perfusion imaging from non-contrast inhale and exhale computed tomography scans (IE-CT).

Displaced cortical vein sign on CT in infants: a reliable predictor to distinguish low-attenuation subdural collections from benign enlargement of subarachnoid spaces.

Differentiating benign enlargement of subarachnoid spaces (BESS) from low-attenuation subdural collections on CT imaging of infants can be challenging. This distinction is crucial in infants, as subdural collections may raise the concern for abusive head trauma (AHT). To evaluate the utilization of the displaced cortical vein sign on CT as a predictor of pathological subdural collections confirmed by MRI and to assess the reproducibility of this finding among radiologists with different levels of clinical experience.

Multi-Institutional Analysis of Pancreatoduodenectomy for Nonfamilial Periampullary Adenoma: A Novel Risk Score to Guide Shared Decision-Making.

Introduction: Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) may occasionally be indicated for complete removal of periampullary (duodenal and ampullary) adenomas (PAs). As compared with malignant indications, PD for benign or pre-malignant disease is often associated with increased morbidity. While the Spigelman classification assesses malignancy risk for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)-related duodenal adenomas, no malignancy risk score (MRS) exists for non-FAP related PAs.

Consensus Recommendations for the Management of Neurosarcoidosis: A Delphi Survey of Experts Across the United States.

Background And Objectives: Neurosarcoidosis poses a diagnostic and management challenge due to its rarity, phenotypic variability, and lack of randomized controlled studies to guide treatment selection. Recommendations for management based on expert opinion are useful in clinical practice and provide a framework for designing prospective studies.

Methods: In this Delphi survey study, specialists with experience in managing patients with neurosarcoidosis were invited to anonymously complete 2 surveys about key elements of evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and long-term management of neurosarcoidosis.

Missed and Delayed Diagnoses of Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in a Southern Opt-Out HIV Testing Environment Without Reflex HIV RNA Testing.

Prompt confirmation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is critical. We examined 10 years of discordant results without reflex HIV RNA. Of patients with acute HIV infection, 43.

Characteristics of nursing homes with high rates of invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Background: Nursing home residents experience a large burden of invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Data are limited regarding nursing home characteristics associated with differences in facility-level invasive MRSA rates.

Methods: We analyzed 2011-2015 data from CDC's Emerging Infections Program (EIP) active population- and laboratory-based surveillance for invasive MRSA cases within seven states.

Proteasome inhibition enhances oncolytic reovirus therapy in multiple myeloma independently of its direct cytotoxic effects.

Background: Reovirus (RV) is an oncolytic virus with natural tropism for cancer cells. We previously showed that RV administration in multiple myeloma (MM) patients was safe, but disease control associated with viral replication in the cancer cells was not observed. The combination with proteasome inhibitors (PIs) has shown to enhance RV therapeutic activity, but the mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated.

Dexamethasone Delivery via Amphiphilic, Low-swelling Hydrogels Treats Postoperative Inflammation in Cervical Spine Applications.

Anterior cervical spine surgeries are often complicated by difficulty swallowing due to local postoperative swelling, pain, scarring, and tissue dysfunction. These postoperative events lead to systemic steroid and narcotic use. Local, sustained drug delivery may address these problems, but current materials are unsafe for tight surgical spaces due to high biomaterial swelling, especially upon degradation.

Proposed resources required for a comprehensive program for CCT CHD imaging.

Background: Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT) is increasingly used for evaluation of congenital heart disease (CHD) in patients of all ages. Pediatric and adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) surgical programs require high quality CCT imaging as part of the multimodality imaging support expected of comprehensive care centers. Despite these expectations, there are no benchmarks or defined programmatic elements specific to the performance of CCT in patients with CHD.

Assessment and treatment considerations for patients with colorectal liver metastases: AHPBA consensus guideline and update for surgeons.

Background: Colorectal cancer most commonly metastasizes to the liver. While various treatment strategies have been developed, surgical management of these patients has vital implications on the prognosis and survival of this group of patients. There remains a need for a consensus guideline regarding the surgical evaluation and management of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).

Advancing precision psychiatry and targeted treatments: Insights from immunopsychiatry.

Despite tremendous advancements in neuroscience, there has been limited impact on patient care. Current psychiatric treatments are largely non-specific, and drug development is hindered by outdated, overinclusive diagnostic categories and a "one-size-fits-all" approach. Additionally, mechanisms underlying psychiatric illnesses and their treatments with conventional medications remain poorly understood.

Non-Myxoid Solid Variant of Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma: An Underrecognized Subtype.

Introduction: Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare sarcoma defined by NR4A3 gene rearrangements, typically featuring uniform cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and mild atypia, arranged in cords or clusters within a chondromyxoid stroma. A cellular variant, characterized by increased cellular density and a solid growth pattern, has been recognized.

Methods: We encountered three cases of round cell sarcomas, diagnosed as EMC based on NR4A3 or NR4A2 rearrangements.

Spatial joint hazard assessment of landslide susceptibility and intensity within a single framework: Environmental insights from the Wenchuan earthquake.

To comprehensively assess regional landslide hazards, we propose a geospatial approach that jointly evaluates both the probability of occurrence (susceptibility) and potential destructive power (intensity) within a single framework, overcoming the limitations of previous studies that treated these two disaster scenarios independently. Focusing on the largest landslide event triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in China, we collected landslide occurrence and count data at the slope unit level, alongside 18 environmental factors, including seismic data. To enable this multi-hazard single-framework evaluation, we employed two Bayesian spatial joint regressions: the spatial shared component model (SSCM) and the spatial shared hyperparameter model (SSHM).

Genetic Etiology Link to Brain Function Underlying ADHD Symptoms and its Interaction with Sleep Disturbance: An ABCD Study.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, remains poorly understood regarding how its polygenic risk score (PRS) impacts functional networks and symptomology. This study capitalized on data from 11,430 children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study to explore the interplay between PRS, brain function, and behavioral problems, along with their interactive effects. The results showed that children with a higher PRS exhibited more severe attention deficits and rule-breaking problems, and experienced sleep disturbances, particularly in initiating and maintaining sleep.

The Role of Hospital Performance on Race and Ethnicity Outcome Disparities for US Non-Traumatic Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests.

Background: Factors contributing to worse outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) from minoritized communities are poorly understood. We sought to evaluate the impact of receiving hospital performance on OHCA outcome disparities.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of non-traumatic OHCAs from the National Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival from 2013-2022 that survived hospital admission.

International Expert-Based Consensus Definition, Classification Criteria, and Minimum Data Elements for Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaw: An Inter-Disciplinary Modified Delphi Study.

Purpose: Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) is a severe iatrogenic disease characterized by bone death after radiation therapy (RT) to the head and neck. With over 9 published definitions and at least 16 classification systems, the true incidence and severity of ORNJ are obscured by lack of a standard for disease definition and severity assessment, leading to inaccurate estimation of incidence, reporting ambiguity, and likely under-diagnosis worldwide. This study aimed to achieve consensus on an explicit definition and phenotype of ORNJ and related precursor states through data standardization to facilitate effective diagnosis, monitoring, and multidisciplinary management of ORNJ.

Efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes across young to older age groups of patients with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer treated with ribociclib plus endocrine therapy in the randomized MONALEESA-2, -3, and -7 trials.

Background: Ribociclib + endocrine therapy (ET) showed significant progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) benefits in the MONALEESA trials in patients with HR+ /HER2 - advanced breast cancer (ABC). We report efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) across age groups, including older patients, in these trials.

Methods: Data from the MONALEESA-2, -3, and -7 trials for pre- and postmenopausal patients receiving first-line treatment for ABC were pooled and analyzed by age (<65y, 65-74y, and ≥75y).

Neurotransmitter and metabolic effects of interferon-alpha in association with decreased striatal dopamine in a Non-Human primate model of Cytokine-Induced depression.

Inflammatory stimuli administered to humans and laboratory animals affect mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways in association with impaired motivation and motor activity. Alterations in dopaminergic corticostriatal reward and motor circuits have also been observed in depressed patients with increased peripheral inflammatory markers. The effects of peripheral inflammation on dopaminergic pathways and associated neurobiologic mechanisms and consequences have been difficult to measure in patients.

Early developmental trajectories of the impaired hand in infants with unilateral cerebral palsy.

Aim: To identify developmental trajectories of impaired hand function in infants aged 3 to 15 months with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: Sixty-three infants (37 male; median gestational age 37 weeks [interquartile range 30-39.1 weeks]) recruited as part of a randomized trial with a confirmed diagnosis of unilateral CP were included.

A multi-tissue longitudinal proteomics study to evaluate the suitability of post-mortem samples for pathophysiological research.

Recent developments in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have established it as a robust tool for system-wide analyses essential for pathophysiological research. While post-mortem samples are a critical source for these studies, our understanding of how body decomposition influences the proteome remains limited. Here, we have revisited published data and conducted a clinically relevant time-course experiment in mice, revealing organ-specific proteome regulation after death, with only a fraction of these changes linked to protein autolysis.