Patient, Parental, and Health Professional Perspectives on Growth in Children With CKD.

Rationale & Objective: Growth failure is a common problem among children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Reduced height is associated with psychosocial burden, social stigma, and impaired quality of life. This study describes the aspects of growth impairment that are most impactful from the perspectives of children with CKD, their parents, and health professionals.

Systemic corticosteroids for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a network meta-analysis.

Background: Despite considerable improvement in outcomes for preterm infants, rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remain high, affecting an estimated 33% of very low birthweight infants, with corresponding long-term respiratory and neurosensory issues. Systemic corticosteroids can address the inflammation underlying BPD, but the optimal regimen for prevention of this disease, balancing of the benefits with the potentially meaningful risks of systemic corticosteroids, continues to be a medical quandary. Numerous studies have shown that systemic corticosteroids, particularly dexamethasone and hydrocortisone, effectively treat or prevent BPD.

Child and caregiver perspectives on access to psychosocial and educational support in pediatric chronic kidney disease: a focus group study.

Background: Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) generally have worse educational and psychosocial outcomes compared with their healthy peers. This can impair their ability to manage their treatment, which in turn can have long-term health consequences through to adulthood. We attempted to capture the experiences of children with CKD and to describe the perspectives of their parents and caregivers on access to educational and psychosocial support.

Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants after randomisation to initial resuscitation with lower (FiO 0.3) or higher (FiO 0.6) initial oxygen levels. An individual patient meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine the effects of lower (≤0.3) versus higher (≥0.6) initial fractional inspired oxygen (FiO) for resuscitation on death and/or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in infants <32 weeks' gestation.

Maternal, perinatal and childhood outcomes of the PPROMEXIL-III cohort: Pregnancies complicated by previable prelabor rupture of membranes.

Objective: Perinatal mortality after previable prelabor rupture of membranes (previable PROM) might be underestimated as most studies exclude patients with poor prognosis, or solely include patients in tertiary-care centers. We aimed to report perinatal, neonatal and long-term outcomes in a consecutive series of women with pregnancies complicated by previable PROM.

Study Design: We conducted a prospective cohort study including women with singleton pregnancies and previable PROM ≤ 23 weeks gestational age (GA) from one tertiary hospital and eight affiliated secondary hospitals in the region of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (June 2012 until January 2016, PPROMEXIL-III cohort).

Incidence and predictors of hospital readmission in children presenting with severe anaemia in Uganda and Malawi: a secondary analysis of TRACT trial data.

Background: Severe anaemia (haemoglobin < 6 g/dL) is a leading cause of recurrent hospitalisation in African children. We investigated predictors of readmission in children hospitalised with severe anaemia in the TRACT trial (ISRCTN84086586) in order to identify potential future interventions.

Methods: Secondary analyses of the trial examined 3894 children from Uganda and Malawi surviving a hospital episode of severe anaemia.

Patient and caregiver perspectives on blood pressure in children with chronic kidney disease.

Background: More than 50% of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have uncontrolled hypertension, increasing their long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and progression to kidney failure. Children receiving medications or dialysis may also experience acute blood pressure fluctuations accompanied by debilitating symptoms. We aimed to describe the perspectives of children with CKD and their parental caregivers on blood pressure to inform patient-centered care.

Antidepressants for functional abdominal pain disorders in children and adolescents.

Background: Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders (FAPDs) present a considerable burden to paediatric patients, impacting quality of life, school attendance and causing higher rates of anxiety and depression disorders. There are no international guidelines for the management of this condition. A previous Cochrane Review in 2011 found no evidence to support the use of antidepressants in this context.

Congenital Diarrhea and Cholestatic Liver Disease: Phenotypic Spectrum Associated with MYO5B Mutations.

Myosin Vb (MYO5B) is a motor protein that facilitates protein trafficking and recycling in polarized cells by RAB11- and RAB8-dependent mechanisms. Biallelic MYO5B mutations are identified in the majority of patients with microvillus inclusion disease (MVID). MVID is an intractable diarrhea of infantile onset with characteristic histopathologic findings that requires life-long parenteral nutrition or intestinal transplantation.

Correction to: Berardinelli-Seip syndrome and achalasia: a shared pathomechanism?

Although the patient has provided consent for publication of this case report and accompanying images, after publication of this article it has come to the authors' attention that Fig. 1 needs changes to better protect the privacy of the patient. A modified Fig.

Interventions with Music in PECTus excavatum treatment (IMPECT trial): a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial investigating the clinical effects of perioperative music interventions.

Introduction: Pectus excavatum repair is associated with substantial postoperative pain, despite the use of epidural analgesia and other analgesic regimens. Perioperative recorded music interventions have been shown to alleviate pain and anxiety in adults, but evidence for children and adolescents is still lacking. This study protocol describes a randomised controlled trial that evaluates the effects of recorded music interventions on postoperative pain relief in children and adolescents after pectus excavatum repair.

Provider visual attention on a respiratory function monitor during neonatal resuscitation.

Background: A respiratory function monitor (RFM) provides real-time positive pressure ventilation feedback. Whether providers use RFM during neonatal resuscitation is unknown.

Methods: Ancillary study to the MONITOR(NCT03256578) randomised controlled trial.

Emergent high fatality lung disease in systemic juvenile arthritis.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of a novel parenchymal lung disease (LD), increasingly detected in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA).

Methods: In a multicentre retrospective study, 61 cases were investigated using physician-reported clinical information and centralised analyses of radiological, pathological and genetic data.

Results: LD was associated with distinctive features, including acute erythematous clubbing and a high frequency of anaphylactic reactions to the interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitor, tocilizumab.

No radiographic wrist damage after treatment to target in recent-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Background: To evaluate radiographic progression of patients with new-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in response to an early, tightly-controlled, treatment-to-target.

Methods: Patients with JIA participating in the BeSt-for-Kids-study, randomized to 3 treatment strategy arms, were eligible if at least 1 conventional wrist-radiograph was available. Bone damage as reflected by carpal length was assessed using the Poznanski-score.

Prenatal diagnosis of a bundle branch block based on the fetal ECG.

A non-invasive fetal ECG was performed on a 36-year-old pregnant woman at 24+6 weeks of gestation as part of ongoing clinical research. A paediatric cardiologist suspected an incomplete bundle branch block based on the averaged ECGs from the recording. The characteristic terminal R' wave was present in multiple leads of the fetal ECGs.

Sequential co-enrolment in randomised trials in neonatal intensive care medicine.

In many medical research settings, such as the neonatal intensive care unit, the number of patients who are eligible for a randomised clinical trial is relatively small and recruiting a sufficient number of patients into trials is often difficult. Furthermore, some infants may have already been enrolled into a trial as a fetus. Sequential co-enrolment of patients into more than one trial may offer a solution, yet runs the risk of contaminated results.

Pediatric thyroglossal duct cysts: Post-operative complications.

Introduction: Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) result from incomplete involution of the thyroglossal duct and are resected with a Sistrunk-procedure. We studied and graded severity of postoperative complications in children who underwent this procedure, with corresponding risk factors.

Methods: In our electronic health record system we reviewed the medical records of all patients aged <18 years, with surgically treated TGDC between 01-01-2005 and 31-12-2015 in two university hospitals.

Postprandial Amino Acid Kinetics of Milk Protein Mixtures are Affected by Composition, But Not Denaturation, in Neonatal Piglets.

Background: Multiple studies have indicated that formula-fed infants show a different growth trajectory compared with breastfed infants. The observed growth rates are suggested to be linked to higher postprandial levels of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) and insulin related to differences in protein quality.

Objective: We evaluated the effects of milk protein denaturation and milk protein composition on postprandial plasma and hormone concentrations.

Identifying Important Outcomes for Young People With CKD and Their Caregivers: A Nominal Group Technique Study.

Rationale & Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has wide-ranging and long-term consequences for young people and their families. The omission of outcomes that are important to young people with CKD and their caregivers limits knowledge to guide shared decision making. We aimed to identify the outcomes that are important to young people with CKD and their caregivers.

Galectin-9 and CXCL10 as Biomarkers for Disease Activity in Juvenile Dermatomyositis: A Longitudinal Cohort Study and Multicohort Validation.

Objective: Objective evaluation of disease activity is challenging in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) due to a lack of reliable biomarkers, but it is crucial to avoid both under- and overtreatment of patients. Recently, we identified 2 proteins, galectin-9 and CXCL10, whose levels are highly correlated with the extent of juvenile DM disease activity. This study was undertaken to validate galectin-9 and CXCL10 as biomarkers for disease activity in juvenile DM, and to assess their disease specificity and potency in predicting the occurrence of flares.

Stimulant treatment profiles predicting co-occurring substance use disorders in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk of developing substance use disorders (SUDs) and nicotine dependence (ND). It remains unclear whether and how stimulant treatment may affect this risk. We aimed to investigate how stimulant use profiles influence the risk of SUDs and ND, using a novel data-driven community detection analysis to construct different stimulant use profiles.

Females Are More Resistant to Ischemia-Reperfusion-induced Intestinal Injury Than Males: A Human Study.

Background And Objective: Sex differences in responses to intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) have been recognized in animal studies. We aimed to investigate sexual dimorphism in human small intestinal mucosal responses to IR.

Methods: In 16 patients (8 men and 8 women) undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy, an isolated part of jejunum was subjected to IR.

Synbiotics Combined with Glutamine Stimulate Brain Development and the Immune System in Preterm Pigs.

Background: Preterm infants are born with an immature gut, brain, and immune system, predisposing them to short- and long-term complications.

Objective: We hypothesized that a milk diet supplemented with pre- and probiotics (i.e.