Remote Infant Studies of Early Learning (RISE): Scalable online replications of key findings in infant cognitive development.

The current article describes the Remote Infant Studies of Early Learning, a battery intended to provide robust looking time measures of cognitive development that can be administered remotely to inform our understanding of individual developmental trajectories in typical and atypical populations, particularly infant siblings of autistic children. This battery was developed to inform our understanding of early cognitive and language development in infants who will later receive a diagnosis of autism. Using tasks that have been successfully implemented in lab-based paradigms, we included assessments of attention, memory, prediction, word recognition, numeracy, multimodal processing, and social evaluation.

Normal but Different: Autistic Adolescents Who Score Within Normal Ranges on Standardized Language Tests Produce Frequent Linguistic Irregularities in Spontaneous Discourse.

Background And Aims: A substantial minority of autistic individuals score within typical ranges on standard language tests, suggesting that autism does not necessarily affect language acquisition. This idea is reflected in current diagnostic criteria for autism, wherein language impairment is no longer included. However, some work has suggested that probing autistic speakers' language carefully may reveal subtle differences between autistic and nonautistic people's language that cannot be captured by standardized language testing.

Biofeedback and Exercise Load Affect Accuracy of Tongue Strength Exercise Performance.

Rehabilitative exercises require precise movement coordination and target accuracy for optimal effectiveness. This paper explores the impact of tongue strength exercises (TSE) performance accuracy on exercise outcomes, adherence, and participant confidence and motivation. An 8-week randomized clinical trial included 84 typically aging participants divided into four groups defined by access to biofeedback (present/absent) and TSE intensity dosing (maximal/submaximal) during a home exercise program (HEP).

An idea to explore: A systematic approach for solving plasmid double-digest puzzles.

A common exercise given to students early in a molecular biology course is the creation of a restriction map of a plasmid "digested" by two restriction enzymes (RE). Meanwhile, students have learned from an early age about the properties and analyses of circles in their mathematics courses. But it is rare for students to learn using puzzle-based assignments at the intersection of molecular biology and mathematics.

"Cultural and conceptual knowledge": Reformulation and conceptual analysis of a key component of the health literacy model.

Extensive evidence of health disparities and systemic racism has prompted scholars to examine constructs that may account for differences in the burden of disease. One such construct is health literacy, which has been posited to have four components: print literacy, oral literacy, numeracy, and cultural and conceptual knowledge. Consistent with historical trends related to culturally based constructs, the latter component has garnered the least attention in the published literature, despite its pervasive influence on health care outcomes.

First-Person Perspectives of Gender-Affirming Voice Feminization Training: A Mixed Methods Approach.

Objectives: Despite evidence for the validity of using client-led outcome measures in gender-affirming voice training (GAVT), the existing body of research on voice feminization relies heavily on acoustic-perceptual measures without additional qualitative exploration of client experience. Additionally, the authors are not aware of any existing studies prompting client input on the voice feminization methods they find most helpful in achieving their voice goals. The current study focuses on crucial client perceptions of GAVT for voice feminization and identifies the methods clients find most helpful.

Do focused interests support word learning? A study with autistic and nonautistic children.

Although focused interests are often associated with a diagnosis of autism, they are common in nonautistic individuals as well. Previous studies have explored how these interests impact cognitive, social, and language development. While some research has suggested that strong interests can detract from learning (particularly for autistic children), newer research has indicated that they can be advantageous.

A Comparison of Lingual Pressure Generation Measures Using Two Devices in Community-Dwelling, Typically Aging Adults: An Important Clinical Implication.

Design: A multisite, prospective, and randomized within-subject design study.

Setting: Five university settings in varied geographical areas in the United States.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare lingual pressure generation using the Tongueometer (TO) and the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) in typically aging, community-dwelling adults during three measurement tasks: maximum isometric pressure (MIP), regular effort saliva swallow (RESS) pressure, and effortful saliva swallow pressure (ESP).

Frequency, Form and Function of Dyadic Questions in Children with Autism: A CHILDES corpus study.

Children's questions to their caregivers - and caregivers' questions to their children - play an important role in child development. For children on the autism spectrum, who often experience cognitive, linguistic and social difficulties, prior research on questions has resulted in inconsistent and incomplete findings. The present study characterized the frequency, form, and function of queries posed by children on the autism spectrum ( = 12), non-spectrum peers ( =20), and parents using the in the Child Language Data Exchange System (CHILDES).

Flexibility for Intensity Dosing in Lingual Resistance Exercises: A Large Randomized Clinical Trial in Typically Aging Adults as Proof of Principle.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of intensity dosing during tongue exercise on tongue pressure generation, adherence, and perceived effort.

Design: This was a five-site, prospective, randomized clinical trial. Outcome measures were obtained across multiple baselines, biweekly during exercise, and 4-weeks post-intervention.

Deviation from Design: A Meta-Analytic Review on the Link Between Social Media Use and Less Connection Between the Self and Others.

Social media were designed to connect people and support interpersonal relationships. However, whether social media use is linked to the connection between the self and others is unknown. The present research reviewed findings across psychology to address whether social media use is linked to defining and expressing the self as connected to others (i.

Dysphonia Outperforms Voice Change as a Clinical Predictor of Dysphagia.

Purpose: Changes in voice quality after consuming food or drink have been used as a clinical indicator of dysphagia during the clinical swallowing evaluation (CSE); however, there is conflicting evidence of its efficacy. This study investigated if dysphonia and/or voice change after swallowing are valid predictors of penetration, aspiration, or pharyngeal residue. Our approach aimed to improve current methodologies by collecting voice samples in the fluoroscopy suite, implementing rater training to improve interrater reliability and utilizing continuous measurement scales, allowing for regression analyses.

Analysis of Noun Phrase Ambiguity in Narratives Reveals Differences in Referential Establishment But Not Cohesion for Older Autistic Children.

Purpose: Stories told by autistic narrators often contain relatively frequent use of ambiguous references. However, it remains unclear whether this ambiguity is driven by ambiguous character establishment (e.g.

A First-Person Account of Developmental Language Disorder.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to share the lived experiences of an adult with developmental language disorder (DLD) and relate her experience to the evidence base and issues in clinical practice.

Method: We co-wrote a first-person account grounded in the research literature. We organized the account into six main sections: (a) the early signs of DLD; (b) diagnosis; (c) treatment; (d) the impact of DLD on family relationships, social-emotional health, and academic performance; and (e) considerations for practicing speech-language pathologists.

Examining Perspectives of Latina Mothers and Speech-Language Pathologists Through Dyadic Interviews: Implications for Latine Children on the Autism Spectrum.

Purpose: This qualitative pilot study explored cultural perspectives and needs of two bilingual (Spanish/English) Latina mothers with children on the autism spectrum in conversations with their children's speech-language pathologists (SLPs), one identifying as Mexican American and the other identifying as White American.

Method: Dyadic interviews were used to promote dialogue and learning opportunities for the participants. Two dyads (mothers and SLPs) participated, completing background questionnaires, dyadic interviews, and post-interview written reflections.

Altered engagement of the speech motor network is associated with reduced phonological working memory in autism.

Nonword repetition, a common clinical measure of phonological working memory, involves component processes of speech perception, working memory, and speech production. Autistic children often show behavioral challenges in nonword repetition, as do many individuals with communication disorders. It is unknown which subprocesses of phonological working memory are vulnerable in autistic individuals, and whether the same brain processes underlie the transdiagnostic difficulty with nonword repetition.

Like, it's important: The frequency and use of the discourse marker in older autistic children.

Background & Aims: Discourse markers, such as or , serve a variety of functions to support conversational reciprocity: filling pauses, aiding word-finding, and modulating turn-taking by holding the conversational floor. Previous research shows that autistic individuals use discourse markers less frequently than non-autistic (NonAu) peers; however, the discourse marker has not been included in that research, despite its ubiquitous use by NonAu individuals, and despite the fact that serves important pragmatic functions that are not encoded by any other discourse marker. Specifically, signals to the listener that the content of upcoming speech is 1) Important/new; 2) Loose/approximate; 3) Reformulative; or 4) Quotative.

Conventions for unconventional language: Revisiting a framework for spoken language features in autism.

Background And Aims: Autism has long been characterized by a range of spoken language features, including, for instance: the tendency to repeat words and phrases, the use of invented words, and "pedantic" language. These observations have been the source of considerable disagreement in both the theoretical and applied realms. Despite persistent professional interest in these language features, there has been little consensus around terminology, definitions and developmental/clinical interpretation.

Word imageability is associated with expressive vocabulary in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Background & Aims: Throughout typical development, children prioritize different perceptual, social, and linguistic cues to learn words. The earliest acquired words are often those that are perceptually salient and highly imageable. Imageability, the ease in which a word evokes a mental image, is a strong predictor for word age of acquisition in typically developing (TD) children, independent of other lexicosemantic features such as word frequency.

The Feasibility of Home-Based Treatment Using Vibratory Stimulation in Chronic Severe Dysphagia.

Purpose: Previously, externally placed vibratory laryngeal stimulation increased rates of swallowing in persons with and without dysphagia. This study examined the feasibility of using a vibratory device on the skin over the thyroid cartilage for home-based swallowing rehabilitation in long-standing dysphagia.

Method: Only participants with long-standing dysphagia (> 6 months) following cerebrovascular accident or head/neck cancer who had not previously benefited from dysphagia therapy participated.

Parental tuning of language input to autistic and nonspectrum children.

Caregivers' language input supports children's language development, and it is often tuned to the child's current level of skill. Evidence suggests that parental input is tuned to accommodate children's expressive language levels, but accommodation to receptive language abilities is less understood. In particular, little is known about parental sensitivity to children's abilities to process language in real time.

A postglacial paleoenvironmental dataset from New England.

This paleoenvironmental database features postglacial lake-sediment records from 31 study sites located across New England. The study sites span an environmental gradient from the cooler, northern and inland part of the region to the warmer, southern and coastal areas of New England. Sediment-core chronologies were determined using C dating, Pb analysis, and pollen evidence.