Abundant repressor binding sites in human enhancers are associated with the fine-tuning of gene regulation.

The regulation of gene expression relies on the coordinated action of transcription factors (TFs) at enhancers, including both activator and repressor TFs. We employed deep learning (DL) to dissect HepG2 enhancers into positive (PAR), negative (NAR), and neutral activity regions. Sharpr-MPRA and STARR-seq highlight the dichotomy impact of NARs and PARs on modulating and catalyzing the activity of enhancers, respectively.

Forest edge landscape context affects mosquito community composition and risk of pathogen emergence.

Forest edges, where humans, mosquitoes, and wildlife interact, may serve as a nexus for zoonotic arbovirus exchange. Although often treated as uniform interfaces, the landscape context of edge habitats can greatly impact ecological interactions. Here, we investigated how the landscape context of forest edges shapes mosquito community structure in an Amazon rainforest reserve near the city of Manaus, Brazil, using hand-nets to sample mosquitoes at three distinct forest edge types.

Deep learning uncovers histological patterns of YAP1/TEAD activity related to disease aggressiveness in cancer patients.

Over the last decade, Hippo signaling has emerged as a major tumor-suppressing pathway. Its dysregulation is associated with abnormal expression of and -family genes. Recent works have highlighted the role of YAP1/TEAD activity in several cancers and its potential therapeutic implications.

Seemingly altruistic behavior and strategic ignorance in a dictator game with potential loss.

Previous studies have indicated that in the standard binary version of the dictator game, people are less likely to behave altruistically when given the opportunity to be strategically ignorant. The present study aims to assess the robustness of individuals' strategic ignorance in the context of the emergence of empathic concern. It is reasonable to hypothesize that traditional standard dictator games may not be an optimal context for the emergence of empathic concern.

Prevalence and determinants of nasal carriage of penicillin non-susceptible : a cross-sectional household survey in northern Vietnam.

Background: Beta-lactams remain the first-line treatment of infections despite the increasing global prevalence of penicillin-resistant/non-susceptible strains. We conducted a cross-sectional household survey in a rural community in northern Vietnam in 2018-2019 to provide prevalence estimates of penicillin non-susceptible (PNSP) carriage and to investigate behavioural and environmental factors associated with PNSP colonization. The data presented will inform the design of a large trial of population-based interventions targeting inappropriate antibiotic use.

Cumulative Dispensing of Oral Corticosteroids Over 12 Months in People with COPD.

Purpose: Oral corticosteroids (OCS) are recommended for the treatment of exacerbations in people with COPD; however, high cumulative lifetime doses (≥1000mg prednisolone-equivalent) are associated with adverse health effects. This issue is well defined in asthma but is less well understood in COPD. The aim of this study was to examine cumulative OCS dispensed to people with COPD over 12 months.

The Role of Severe Vitamin D Deficiency in Predicting the Risk of Severe Exacerbation in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background: This study aims to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and the risk of severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study with 636 COPD patients admitted for exacerbations between January 2021 and December 2022. Patients were categorized based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: severe deficiency (<10 ng/mL), deficiency (10-20 ng/mL), insufficiency (20-30 ng/mL), or sufficiency (>30 ng/mL).

High-yield production of lignin nanoparticle photonic glasses.

Lignin has emerged as a sustainable alternative to fossil-based polymers in advanced materials such as photonics. However, current methods for preparing photonic lignin materials are limited by non-benign organic solvents and low production yields. In this work, we present a highly efficient process that enables the production of photonic glasses with yields ranging from 48% to 72%, depending on the size of the lignin nanoparticles obtained from herbaceous soda lignin, softwood kraft lignin, and hardwood organosolv lignin.

Modular assembly of amines and diborons with photocatalysis enabled halogen atom transfer of organohalides for C(sp)-C(sp) bond formation.

In the past few years, the direct activation of organohalides by ligated boryl radicals has emerged as a potential synthetic tool for cross-coupling reactions. In most existing methods, ligated boryl radicals are accessed from NHC-boranes or amine-boranes. In this work, we report a new photocatalytic platform by modular assembly of readily available amines and diboron esters to access a library of ligated boryl radicals for reaction screening, thus enabling the cross-coupling of organohalides and alkenes including both activated and unactivated ones for C(sp)-C(sp) bond formation by using the assembly of DABCO A1 and BNepB1.

A critical appraisal of advances in integrated CO capture and electrochemical conversion.

This perspective work examines the current advancements in integrated CO capture and electrochemical conversion technologies, comparing the emerging methods of (1) electrochemical reactive capture (eRCC) though amine- and (bi)carbonate-mediated processes and (2) direct (flue gas) adsorptive capture and conversion (ACC) with the conventional approach of sequential carbon capture and conversion (SCCC). We initially identified and discussed a range of cell-level technological bottlenecks inherent to eRCC and ACC including, but not limited to, mass transport limitations of reactive species, limitation of dimerization, impurity effects, inadequate generation of CO to sustain industrially relevant current densities, and catalyst instabilities with respect to some eRCC electrolytes, amongst others. We followed this with stepwise perspectives on whether these are considered intrinsic challenges of the technologies - otherwise recommendations were disclosed where appropriate.

Inflammation and Immune Escape in Ovarian Cancer: Pathways and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Ovarian cancer (OC) remains one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, largely due to its late-stage diagnosis and high recurrence rates. Chronic inflammation is a critical driver of OC progression, contributing to immune evasion, tumor growth, and metastasis. Inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8, as well as key signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), are upregulated in OC, promoting a tumor-promoting environment.

Quaternary Radiation of Spring Ephemerals.

The emergence of East Asian spring ephemerals and the unique ecosystem can be attributed primarily to vicariance, brought about by the Quaternary rifting of the Okinawa Trough, the formation of the East China Sea, and the isolation of the island chains of Ryukyu, Japan, and Taiwan from the Asian continent. The northern forests of Japan, dominated by and the associated , present a captivating display of spring-flowering ephemerals, including , , , and . Among these, is also considered part of the spring ephemerals.

Study based on bibliometric analysis: potential research trends in fluid management for sepsis.

Objective: To investigate the potential and evolving trends in fluid management for patients with sepsis, utilizing a bibliometric approach.

Methods: Scholarly articles pertaining to fluid therapy for sepsis patients were extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) database as of June 1, 2024. The R software package, "Bibliometrix," was utilized to scrutinize the primary bibliometric attributes and to construct a three-field plot to illustrate the relationships among institutions, nations, and keywords.

A bibliometric and visualization analysis of electrochemical biosensors for early diagnosis of eye diseases.

Electrochemical biosensors can provide an economical, accurate and rapid method for early screening of disease biomarkers in clinical medicine due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, portability, low cost and easy manufacturing, and multiplexing capability. Tear, a fluid naturally secreted by the human body, is not only easily accessible but also contains a great deal of biological information. However, no bibliometric studies focus on applying electrochemical sensors in tear/eye diseases.

The Effects of Nitric Oxide on Choroidal Gene Expression.

Purpose: Nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as an important biological mediator that controls several physiological functions, and evidence is now emerging that this molecule may play a significant role in the postnatal control of ocular growth and myopia development. We therefore sought to understand the role that nitric oxide plays in visually-guided ocular growth in order to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of this process.

Methods: Choroids were incubated in organ culture in the presence of the NO donor, PAPA- NONOate (1.

Clinical Efficacy and Outcomes of Electro-Pneumatic Intracorporeal Lithotripsy in the Management of Sialolithiasis.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of electro-pneumatic intracorporeal lithotripsy for the treatment of salivary gland stones.

Study Design: A prospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with obstructive salivary gland syndrome, where basket-assisted sialendoscopy alone failed to remove the calculi.

Setting: This study was conducted at the "Queen Maria" Military Hospital in Brașov, Romania, and a private practice, between February 2023 and May 2024.

Chromosome Numbers and Reproductive Life Cycles in Green Plants: A Phylotranscriptomic Perspective.

The strong correlation between reproductive life cycle type and chromosome numbers in green plants has been a long-standing mystery in evolutionary biology. Within green plants, the derived condition of heterosporous reproduction has emerged from the ancestral condition of homospory in disparate locations on the phylogenetic tree at least 11 times, of which three lineages are extant. In all green plant lineages where heterospory has emerged, there has been a significant downsizing in chromosome numbers.

Community characteristics and relationship between gut microbiota and intratumoral microbiota in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The combination of local therapy with lenvatinib and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors represents an emerging treatment paradigm for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). Our study sought to investigate the interrelationship between gut microbiota and intratumoral microbiota in the context of triple therapy, with a view to identifying potential biological markers.

Methods: The gut microbial community profiles of patients with primary untreated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and those treated with local therapy combined with lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.

Loss of increases type I interferon signalling and reduces pancreatic tumour growth by enhancing immune cell infiltration.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, and despite low incidence rates, it remains the sixth leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Immunotherapy, which aims to enhance the immune system's ability to recognize and eliminate cancer cells, has emerged as a promising approach in the battle against PDAC. PARP7, a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, is a negative regulator of the type I interferon (IFN-I) pathway and has been reported to reduce anti-tumour immunity.

Higher monomeric C-reactive protein levels are associated with premature coronary artery disease.

Introduction: Chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Currently, the inflammatory cardiovascular risk is assessed via C-reactive protein (CRP) levels measured using a high-sensitivity assay (hsCRP). Monomeric CRP (mCRP) is a locally produced form of CRP that has emerged as a potential biomarker of inflammation.

Lactate-induced protein lactylation in cancer: functions, biomarkers and immunotherapy strategies.

Lactate, long viewed as a byproduct of glycolysis and metabolic waste. Initially identified within the context of yogurt fermentation, lactate's role extends beyond culinary applications to its significance in biochemical processes. Contemporary research reveals that lactate functions not merely as the terminal product of glycolysis but also as a nexus for initiating physiological and pathological responses within the body.

CD56 CD16 cells represent a distinct mature NK cell subset with altered phenotype and are associated with adverse clinical outcome upon expansion in AML.

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare haematological cancer with poor 5-years overall survival (OS) and high relapse rate. Leukemic cells are sensitive to Natural Killer (NK) cell mediated killing. However, NK cells are highly impaired in AML, which promote AML immune escape from NK cell immune surveillance.

Using Evidence-Based Practice in the Transition to Telepractice: Case Study of a Complexity-Based Speech Sound Intervention.

Purpose: Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are tasked with integrating the principles of evidence-based practice (EBP) to provide effective and efficient assessment and intervention services that best support clients and their families. As new research, technologies, and perspectives emerge, SLPs are required to adapt their clinical practices to meet these changes while maintaining high-quality evidence-based services. Through an illustrative case study, we aim to demonstrate the process of applying EBP principles - including research evidence, client and family perspectives, and clinical expertise - to a complexity-based speech sound intervention delivered via telepractice.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in early pregnancy: A rare and fatal diagnostic challenge.

Objective: This report details the complexities of diagnosing and treating rapid-onset multisystemic hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) during pregnancy, as evidenced by a fatal case in early pregnancy with severe hematological and obstetric complications.

Case Presentation: A 20-year-old pregnant woman in her second pregnancy presented at 8 weeks of gestation with abdominal pain, fever, and rectal bleeding. Laboratory tests revealed leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia, leading to immediate transfusion and intensive care unit admission.

Clinical impact of inappropriate DOAC dosing in atrial fibrillation: Insights from a real-world registry.

Background: A significant number of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) receives off-label or inappropriate doses. This study examines the prevalence, dosages, and clinical outcomes in AF-patients on DOAC therapy admitted to an emergency department (ED).

Methods: This retrospective single-center observational study utilized data from the Heidelberg Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (HERA-FIB), consecutively including patients with AF presenting to the ED of the University Hospital of Heidelberg from June 2009 to March 2020.