Spectral Decomposition and Sound Source Localization of Highly Disturbed Flow through a Severe Arterial Stenosis.

For the early detection of atherosclerosis, it is imperative to explore the capabilities of new, effective noninvasive diagnosis techniques to significantly reduce the associated treatment costs and mortality rates. In this study, a multifaceted comprehensive approach involving advanced computational fluid dynamics combined with signal processing techniques was exploited to investigate the highly turbulent fluctuating flow through arterial stenosis. The focus was on localizing high-energy mechano-acoustic source potential to transmit to the epidermal surface.

Projecting daily travel behavior by distance during the pandemic and the spread of COVID-19 infections - Are we in a closed loop scenario?

Understanding the future development of COVID-19 is the key to contain the spreading of the coronavirus. The purpose of this paper is to explore a potential relationship between United States residents' daily trips by distance and the COVID-19 infections in the near future. The study used the daily travel data from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) and the COVID-19 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States.

A comparison of general aviation accidents involving airline pilots and instrument-rated private pilots.

Introduction: The extremely low accident rate for U.S air carriers relative to that of general aviation (∼1 and ∼60/million flight hours respectively) partly reflects advanced airman certification, more demanding recurrency training and stringent operational regulations. However, whether such skillset/training/regulations translate into improved safety for airline pilots operating in the general aviation environment is unknown and the aim of this study.

Toward the Development of the Perfect Medical Team: Critical Components for Adaptation.

Objective: Medical teams play a vital role in the delivery of safe and effective patient care. Toward the goal of becoming a high-reliability health system, the authors posit that the "perfect" medical team is one that develops their attitudes, behaviors, and cognitions (ABCs) to facilitate adaptation.

Methods: The authors synthesized the literature (frameworks, measures, and conceptual models) on teamwork in healthcare (k = 161) to develop an evidence-based model of ABCs, which current evidence suggests, are requisite for medical team adaptation.

Implementing a human factors approach to RCA : Tools, processes and strategies.

Root Cause Analysis and Action (RCA ) guidelines offer fundamental improvements to traditional RCA. Yet, these guidelines lack robust methods to support a human factors analysis of patient harm events and development of systems-level interventions. We recently integrated a complement of human factors tools into the RCA process to address this gap.

Identification of a Transcriptomic Network Underlying the Wrinkly and Smooth Phenotypes of Vibrio fischeri.

is a cosmopolitan marine bacterium that oftentimes displays different colony morphologies, switching from a smooth to a wrinkly phenotype in order to adapt to changes in the environment. This wrinkly phenotype has also been associated with increased biofilm formation, an essential characteristic for to adhere to substrates, to suspended debris, and within the light organs of sepiolid squids. Elevated levels of biofilm formation are correlated with increased microbial survival of exposure to environmental stressors and the ability to expand niche breadth.

The Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Response of the Nematode to Background and Below-Background Radiation Levels.

Studies of the biological effects of low-level and below-background radiation are important in understanding the potential effects of radiation exposure in humans. To study this issue we exposed the nematode to average background and below-background radiation levels. Two experiments were carried-out in the underground radiation biology laboratory at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in New Mexico USA.

The Anatomy and Physiology of Teaming in Cancer Care Delivery: A Conceptual Framework.

Care coordination challenges for patients with cancer continue to grow as expanding treatment options, multimodality treatment regimens, and an aging population with comorbid conditions intensify demands for multidisciplinary cancer care. Effective teamwork is a critical yet understudied cornerstone of coordinated cancer care delivery. For example, comprehensive lung cancer care involves a clinical "team of teams"-or clinical multiteam system (MTS)-coordinating decisions and care across specialties, providers, and settings.

Is There a Link between Stress and Cognition, and Capacity to Execute Motor Skill?

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the link between stress (measured via salivary cortisol and testosterone), cognition (measured via pupillometry, with greater pupil constriction and reduced pupil constriction latency associated with increased attention and improved information processing), and motor skill capacity (measured via somatosensory processing).

Methods: Twenty-five professional rugby players participated in this study. Saliva samples were collected upon waking, before pupillometry and somatosensory processing testing, and after testing.

Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA.

We present our current best estimate of the plausible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next several years, with the intention of providing information to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals for the third (O3), fourth (O4) and fifth observing (O5) runs, including the planned upgrades of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. We study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source for gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary systems of compact objects, that is binary neutron star, neutron star-black hole, and binary black hole systems.

Auroral ionospheric plasma flow extraction using subsonic retarding potential analyzers.

Thermal ion retarding potential analyzers (RPAs) are used to measure in situ auroral ionospheric plasma parameters. This article analyzes data from a low-resource RPA in order to quantify the capability of the sensor. The RPA collects a sigmoidal current-voltage (I-V) curve, which depends on a non-linear combination of Maxwellian plasma parameters, so a forward-modeling procedure is used to match the best choice plasma parameters for each I-V curve.

Exposure to 17β estradiol causes erosion of sexual dimorphism in Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus).

Estrogenic compounds including 17β estradiol (or E2) are known to negatively affect the reproductive system of many animals, including fish, leading to feminization, altered sex ratio, reduced fecundity, and decreased gonadosomatic index. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying concentrations of water-soluble 17β estradiol exposure on the external morphology of Bluegill. An experiment was set up where fish were individually maintained in 10-g tanks and exposed to 17β estradiol concentrations of 40 and 80 ng/L or no 17β estradiol exposure (the control).

Discovery of diffuse optical emission lines from the inner Galaxy: Evidence for LI(N)ER-like gas.

Optical emission lines are used to categorize galaxies into three groups according to their dominant central radiation source: active galactic nuclei, star formation, or low-ionization (nuclear) emission regions [LI(N)ERs] that may trace ionizing radiation from older stellar populations. Using the Wisconsin H-Alpha Mapper, we detect optical line emission in low-extinction windows within eight degrees of Galactic Center. The emission is associated with the 1.

Digitizing rhinoplasty: a web application with three-dimensional preoperative evaluation to assist rhinoplasty surgeons with surgical planning.

Purpose: Rhinoplasty is one of the most common and challenging plastic surgery procedures. The results of the operation have a significant impact on the facial appearance. The planning is critical for successful rhinoplasty surgery.

Factors that predict passengers willingness to fly during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Prior research has examined consumer willingness to fly in a variety of situations, including during disease outbreaks. However, to date, no study that we know of has identified what type of person is willing to fly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Six hundred and thirty-two participants from the United States were asked to complete a survey designed to capture demographics, personality measures, emotional states and travel purposes.

Mesospheric Bore Evolution and Instability Dynamics Observed in PMC Turbo Imaging and Rayleigh Lidar Profiling Over Northeastern Canada on 13 July 2018.

Two successive mesospheric bores were observed over northeastern Canada on 13 July 2018 in high-resolution imaging and Rayleigh lidar profiling of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) performed aboard the PMC Turbo long-duration balloon experiment. Four wide field-of-view cameras spanning an area of ~75 × 150 km at PMC altitudes captured the two evolutions occurring over ~2 hr and resolved bore and associated instability features as small as ~100 m. The Rayleigh lidar provided PMC backscatter profiling that revealed vertical displacements, evolving brightness distributions, evidence of instability character and depths, and insights into bore formation, ducting, and dissipation.

Magnetic Reconnection Inside a Flux Rope Induced by Kelvin-Helmholtz Vortices.

On 5 May 2017, MMS observed a crater-type flux rope on the dawnside tailward magnetopause with fluctuations. The boundary-normal analysis shows that the fluctuations can be attributed to nonlinear Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) waves. Reconnection signatures such as flow reversals and Joule dissipation were identified at the leading and trailing edges of the flux rope.

Self-Acceleration and Instability of Gravity Wave Packets: 3. Three-Dimensional Packet Propagation, Secondary Gravity Waves, Momentum Transport, and Transient Mean Forcing in Tidal Winds.

Dong et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.

Multiscale model for the optimal design of pedestrian queues to mitigate infectious disease spread.

There is direct evidence for the spread of infectious diseases such as influenza, SARS, measles, and norovirus in locations where large groups of people gather at high densities e.g. theme parks, airports, etc.

Effect of Nano-Reinforcement Topologies on the Viscoelastic Performance of Carbon Nanotube/Carbon Fiber Hybrid Composites.

In this investigation, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were grown over carbon fiber fabrics via a relatively nondestructive synthesis technique. The MWCNTs patches were grown into three different topologies: uniform, fine patterned and coarse patterned. Hybrid carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) were fabricated based on the patterned reinforcements.

Spatial-Cluster Signal Detection in Medical Devices Using Likelihood Ratio Test Method.

Background: With more and more medical device databases being developed, there is an increasing interest in learning the geographical patterns of medical-device-related adverse events (AEs). For a specific medical device and an adverse event (AE) of interest, our aim is to detect a spatial-cluster signal that has a significantly higher AE rate than the AE rates for other regions, when the exposure information is available.

Methods: We develop a likelihood ratio test (LRT) method incorporating exposure information, by geographical region, for spatial-cluster signal detection when the underlying observed health outcome associated with the medical device of interest is a Poisson-modeled count data (e.

Autopilots in the Operating Room: Safe Use of Automated Medical Technology.

Automated medical technology is becoming an integral part of routine anesthetic practice. Automated technologies can improve patient safety, but may create new workflows with potentially surprising adverse consequences and cognitive errors that must be addressed before these technologies are adopted into clinical practice. Industries such as aviation and nuclear power have developed techniques to mitigate the unintended consequences of automation, including automation bias, skill loss, and system failures.

Proprioceptive abilities improve in expert skiers and snowboarders from early-season to mid-season.

Objectives: To determine whether the proprioceptive ability of advanced and expert snowsport participants increased with time on-snow, and whether gender, age, snowsport discipline and/or previous ankle injury were factors in proprioceptive ability at the start of the winter snow season (T1, n=80) compared to mid- season (T2, n=39).

Design: Observational study METHOD: Participants completed a questionnaire at T1, and proprioception was measured at T1 and T2 by the Active Movement Extent Discrimination Apparatus (AMEDA), which tests lower limb proprioception.

Results: At T1 there was no significant difference between the proprioception scores of the two cohorts of advanced and expert snowsport participants, between females and males, younger and older age groups, nor between alpine skiers and snowboarders.