Six-Year Incidence and Baseline Risk Factors for Pseudoexfoliation in a South Indian Population: The Chennai Eye Disease Incidence Study.

Objective: To estimate the 6-year incidence of pseudoexfoliation and its risk factors in a South Indian population.

Design: Longitudinal population-based study.

Participants: Subjects 40 years of age or older without pseudoexfoliation at baseline.

Role of optometry school in single day large scale school vision testing.

Background: School vision testing aims at identification and management of refractive errors. Large-scale school vision testing using conventional methods is time-consuming and demands a lot of chair time from the eye care professionals. A new strategy involving a school of optometry in single day large scale school vision testing is discussed.

Development of Pocket Vision Screener and its effectiveness at screening visual acuity deficits.

Aim: The aim was to construct a visual acuity chart and find its effectiveness at screening visual acuity deficits.

Materials And Methods: Two phases were involved in this study.Construction of the screener: Ten Sloan letters (C, D, H, K, N, O, R, S, V, and Z) were selected and the letters were constructed and reduced to 0.

Refractive error and vision-related quality of life in South Indian children.

Purpose: To understand the vision-related quality of life (QoL) of schoolchildren with uncorrected refractive error (URE).

Methods: A snapshot qualitative research design and homogeneous sampling strategy was adopted. Thirty-one, 27, and 22 eye care practitioners, children, and teachers participated in four, three, and two focus group discussions, respectively.

Six-year incidence of ocular hypertension in a South Indian population: the Chennai eye disease incidence study.

Aims: To report the 6-year incidence and risk factors for ocular hypertension (OHT) in a population-based study in southern India.

Methods: 6 years after baseline evaluation, 56.9% subjects (participants:non-participants, 4421:3353) were re-examined at the base hospital.

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography characteristics in diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To report the appearance of diabetic retinopathy lesions using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Materials And Methods: A total of 287 eyes of 199 subjects were included. All the subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examination including SD-OCT.

Baseline risk factors for incidence of blindness in a South Indian population: the chennai eye disease incidence study.

Purpose: To report the baseline risk factors and causes for incident blindness.

Methods: Six years after the baseline study, 4419 subjects from the cohort underwent a detailed examination at the base hospital. Incident blindness was defined by World Health Organization criteria as visual acuity of less than 6/120 (3/60) and/or a visual field of less than 10° in the better-seeing eye at the 6-year follow-up, provided that the eye had a visual acuity of better than or equal to 6/120 (3/60) and visual field greater than 10° at baseline.

Visual performance with changes in eccentricity in PROSE device: a case report.

This case report describes the variations in visual performance of a subject with moderate keratoconus with changes in front surface eccentricities (FSEs) of PROSE (Prosthetic Replacement of Ocular Surface Ecosystem). PROSE device of 0.6 FSE provided maximum visual improvement and reduction in Higher Order Aberrations (HOAs) compared to 0, 0.

Predictors for incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma in a South Indian population: the Chennai eye disease incidence study.

Objective: To determine the 6-year incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and its associated predictors.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Participants: A total of 4316 subjects without POAG at baseline who were 40 years of age and older from a south Indian population.

Acute adult onset comitant esotropia associated with accommodative spasm.

Purpose: Acute onset comitant esotropia associated with spasm of accommodation in children and adults is a rare clinical condition. When occurring with pupillary miosis and restricted ocular motility, it is referred to as "spasm of near reflex" (SNR) and may require neurological investigation. The natural history of SNR depends on its etiology.

Parents' awareness and perception of children's eye diseases in Chennai, India.

Purpose: To report parents' awareness and perception of eye diseases in their children.

Methods: Thirty-five parents and 16 eye care practitioners either participated in in-depth interviews or focus group discussions. Data on parents' awareness and perception were collected using interview guides with unstructured questions.

Factors affecting eye care-seeking behavior of parents for their children.

Purpose: Most of the causes of childhood blindness are either treatable or preventable. Eye care-seeking behavior (ESB) of parents for their children plays a pivotal role in reducing this problem. This study was done because there was a sparsity of literature in this context and with a view to help eye care professionals plan better programs and to identify factors facilitating and/or hindering ESB of parents for their school-going children in an urban area.

Impact of low vision care on reading performance in children with multiple disabilities and visual impairment.

Background: Lack of evidence in literature to show low vision care enhances the reading performance in children with Multiple Disabilities and Visual Impairment (MDVI).

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of Low Vision Care intervention on the reading performance of children with MDVI.

Materials And Methods: Three subjects who were diagnosed to have cerebral palsy and visual impairment, studying in a special school were recruited for the study.

Comparison of conventional method of contact lens fitting and software based contact lens fitting with Medmont corneal topographer in eyes with corneal scar.

Purpose: To compare conventional method of contact lens fitting with software based contact lens fitting using Medmont corneal topographer in eyes with nebular and macular corneal scars.

Methods: Fifteen participants who were diagnosed with nebular and macular scars were fitted with rigid gas permeable lenses using conventional method of contact lens fitting. During the lens dispensing visit, participants underwent Medmont corneal topography.

Establishing pre-employment vision standards for goldsmiths.

Background: The process of jewellery making involves the goldsmiths working with tiny visual tasks at closer working distances, which demands high visual ability.

Aim: To establish vision standards for Goldsmiths.

Materials And Methods: Visual task analysis was carried out in different Goldsmith workstations.

Morphological and functional correlates in Goldmann-Favre syndrome: a case series.

The purpose of this study is to describe the correlation of findings between results from spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and microperimetry in a case series regarding patients with Goldmann-Favre syndrome. Goldmann-Favre syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary vitreo-retinal degeneration that impacts the functionality of vision in subjects. Three men with this condition were assessed and subjected to microperimetry and SD-OCT.

Visual acuity deficits in the fellow eyes of children with unilateral amblyopia.

Purpose: To study the visual acuity deficits and maturation in the fellow eyes of children with unilateral amblyopia who were treated with patching.

Methods: Medical records of patients aged 4-13 years visiting a tertiary eye care center between January 2003 and December 2007 who were diagnosed for the first time with unilateral amblyopia were reviewed. Subjects included in the study were followed through April 2009.

Does neuronal damage precede vascular damage in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and having no clinical diabetic retinopathy?

Aim: To investigate the occurrence of neuronal damage, as the earliest change occurring, before the clinical evidence of diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: 70 eyes of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and with no evidence of diabetic retinopathy (cases) and 40 eyes of subjects with no diabetes mellitus (controls) were studied using spectral-domain OCT and microperimetry. The influence of age and gender on the outcome measures was also analyzed.

Intraocular pressure and its determinants in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus in India.

Objectives: This study was conducted to show the intraocular pressure (IOP) distribution and the factors affecting IOP in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in India.

Methods: We measured the anthropometric and biochemical parameters for confirmed type 2 DM patients. A comprehensive ocular examination was performed for 1377 subjects aged > 40 years and residing in Chennai.

Multifocal visual evoked potential recordings in compressive optic neuropathy secondary to pituitary adenoma.

To investigate the effect of pituitary adenoma compressing the optic chiasm on multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) responses and to compare these responses with visual field defects seen on static automated perimetry (SAP). Eight eyes of four subjects (median age, 41.50 years; interquartile range, 33-51 years) who were diagnosed with pituitary adenoma on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and seen to have a bitemporal visual field defect on standard automated perimetry (SAP), and twelve age-matched normal subjects (median age, 47.

Effect of illumination on colour vision testing with Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test: customized colour vision booth versus room illumination.

Purpose: To evaluate a customized, portable Farnsworth-Munsell 100 (FM 100) hue viewing booth for compliance with colour vision testing standards and to compare it with room illumination in subjects with normal colour vision (trichromats), subjects with acquired colour vision defects (secondary to diabetes mellitus), and subjects with congenital colour vision defects (dichromats).

Methods: Discrete wavelengths of the tube in the customized booth were measured using a spectrometer using the normal incident method and were compared with the spectral distribution of sunlight. Forty-eight subjects were recruited for the study and were divided into 3 groups: Group 1, Normal Trichromats (30 eyes); Group 2, Congenital Colour Vision Defects (16 eyes); and Group 3, Diabetes Mellitus (20 eyes).

Follow-up of primary angle closure suspects after laser peripheral iridotomy using ultrasound biomicroscopy and A-scan biometry for a period of 2 years.

Aim: To determine the morphologic changes in the anterior segment of primary angle closure suspects (PACS) who underwent laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) for a period of 2 years.

Methods: PACS (n=82 eyes) of Asian Indian origin who attended the Glaucoma clinic of tertiary eye hospital underwent A-scan biometry and ultrasound biomicroscopy. Anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle (ACA), axial length, lens thickness, relative lens position, central corneal thickness, angle opening distance 500, trabecular-ciliary process distance, iris-ciliary process distance, and iris thickness were measured before LPI and after LPI at 1 week, 6 months, 1 year, 1.

Construction and validation of a Tamil logMAR chart.

Purpose: To design, construct and validate a new Tamil logMAR visual acuity chart based on current recommendations.

Methods: Ten Tamil letters of equal legibility were identified experimentally and were used in the chart. Two charts, one internally illuminated and one externally illuminated, were constructed for testing at 4 m distance.

Spectral-domain OCT and microperimeter characterization of morphological and functional changes in X-linked retinoschisis.

A case of X-linked retinoschisis with anatomic and functional issues correlated by a constellation of methods, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, microperimeter, electroretinography, and multifocal electroretinography, is described. This case highlights the importance of microperimetry in the presence of normal or subtle abnormalities in full-field electroretinography. The ability of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in diagnosis and follow-up in cases with X-linked retinoschisis is demonstrated.