Optic Nerve Head Drusen Prevalence and Associated Factors in Clinically Normal Subjects Measured Using Optical Coherence Tomography.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) in clinically normal subjects using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to evaluate associated factors.

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, observational study.

Participants: Total of 130 clinically normal subjects.

Effect of Cyclopentolate on In Vivo Schlemm Canal Microarchitecture in Healthy Subjects.

Purpose: To characterize the in vivo effect of cyclopentolate on the microstructure of Schlemm canal (SC) in healthy eyes.

Methods: For healthy subjects, 81 serial horizontal enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography B-scans (interval between scans, ∼35 μm) of the nasal corneoscleral limbal area were obtained before and 1 hour after cyclopentolate 1% administration in 1 eye. The structures of aqueous and blood vessels in each scan were used as landmarks to select 50 overlapping scans between the 2 sets of 81 serial scans (before and after cyclopentolate administration).

Tank-Binding Kinase 1 () Gene and Open-Angle Glaucomas (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis).

Purpose: To investigate the role of TANK-binding kinase 1 () gene copy-number variations (ie, gene duplications and triplications) in the pathophysiology of various open-angle glaucomas.

Methods: In previous studies, we discovered that copy-number variations in the gene are associated with normal-tension glaucoma. Here, we investigated the prevalence of copy-number variations in cohorts of patients with other open-angle glaucomas-juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma (n=30), pigmentary glaucoma (n=209), exfoliation glaucoma (n=225), and steroid-induced glaucoma (n=79)-using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay.

A Single Wide-Field OCT Protocol Can Provide Compelling Information for the Diagnosis of Early Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate a report for glaucoma diagnosis based on a single optical coherence tomography (OCT) protocol.

Methods: A wide-field (9 × 12 mm) swept-source (SS) OCT scan, encompassing the macula and disc, was obtained on 130 eyes (patients) with or suspected open-angle glaucoma, a mean deviation greater than or equal to -6 dB on a 24-2 visual field (VF), and spherical refractive error between ± 6 diopters (D). The single-page report contained a circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness plot; retinal ganglion cell layer and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and probability plots of the macula and optic nerve; and an enface slab image of the optic nerve.

Glaucoma Diagnostic Capability of Global and Regional Measurements of Isolated Ganglion Cell Layer and Inner Plexiform Layer.

Purpose: To compare glaucoma diagnostic capability of global/regional macular layer parameters in different-sized grids.

Materials And Methods: Serial horizontal spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scans of macula were obtained. Automated macular grids with diameters of 3, 3.

The Clinical Spectrum and a New Theory of Pathogenesis of True Exfoliation Syndrome.

Purpose: To describe the clinical spectrum and a new theory of pathogenesis of true exfoliation syndrome.

Design: Cross-sectional and prospective, observational case series.

Participants: Consecutive patients with characteristic peeling of the anterior lens capsule.

Characteristics and variations of in vivo Schlemm's canal and collector channel microstructures in enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography.

Background/aims: To characterise in vivo Schlemm's canal (SC) and collector channels (CC) microstructures using enhanced-depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: Serial horizontal EDI OCT B-scans (81 scans, 15×5° rectangle) were prospectively obtained in the nasal and temporal limbus. SC cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured by delineating its lumen in each B-scan.

Assessing the Association of Mitochondrial Genetic Variation With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Using Gene-Set Analyses.

Purpose: Recent studies indicate that mitochondrial proteins may contribute to the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). In this study, we examined the association between POAG and common variations in gene-encoding mitochondrial proteins.

Methods: We examined genetic data from 3430 POAG cases and 3108 controls derived from the combination of the GLAUGEN and NEIGHBOR studies.

Risk for Exfoliation Syndrome in Women With Pelvic Organ Prolapse : A Utah Project on Exfoliation Syndrome (UPEXS) Study.

Importance: Exfoliation syndrome, an inherited systemic disorder of elastin and extracellular matrix (ECM), is associated with the LOXL1 gene locus. Pelvic organ prolapse is a common connective tissue disorder that affects women. The presence of an association between exfoliation syndrome (exfoliation of the lens capsule) and pelvic organ prolapse was investigated as part of the Utah Project on Exfoliation Syndrome (UPEXS).

Efficacy of Topically Administered Rho-Kinase Inhibitor AR-12286 in Patients With Exfoliation Syndrome and Ocular Hypertension or Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor, AR-12286 topical solution, for its effect in eyes with exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and ocular hypertension (OHT) or exfoliative glaucoma (XFG) and examine any lasting effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) after discontinuation.

Methods: Prospective, double-masked, randomized, interventional study. Patients with XFS and OHT or XFG were enrolled.

A Common Variant in MIR182 Is Associated With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in the NEIGHBORHOOD Consortium.

Purpose: Noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. We aimed to identify common variants in miRNA coding genes (MIR) associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: Using the NEIGHBORHOOD data set (3853 cases/33,480 controls with European ancestry), we first assessed the relation between 85 variants in 76 MIR genes and overall POAG.

Autophagy and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Tenon Fibroblasts from Exfoliation Glaucoma Patients.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that autophagy dysfunction is involved in exfoliation syndrome (XFS), a systemic disorder of extracellular elastic matrices that causes a distinct form of human glaucoma.

Methods: Fibroblasts derived from tenon tissue discards (TFs) from filtration surgery to relieve intraocular pressure in XFS patients were compared against age-matched TFs derived from surgery in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients or from strabismus surgery. Differential interference contrast light, and electron microscopy were used to examine structural cell features.

Effect of Pilocarpine Hydrochloride on the Schlemm Canal in Healthy Eyes and Eyes With Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Importance: The in vivo effect of pilocarpine hydrochloride on the Schlemm canal may help explain its pharmacologic mechanism of action and better indicate its clinical use.

Objective: To investigate the effect of pilocarpine on the structure of the Schlemm canal in vivo in healthy eyes and eyes with glaucoma.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this case-control study, healthy individuals and patients with open-angle glaucoma were prospectively enrolled between September 1, 2013, and June 30, 2014, after a complete ophthalmologic examination at a tertiary glaucoma referral practice.

Elevated urine formaldehyde in elderly patients with primary open angle glaucoma.

Aim: To investigate the risk factor of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), which is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. An abnormally high level of endogenous formaldehyde (FA) has recently been found correlated with cell death and neurodegenerative disease, raising the possibility of a putative correlation of abnormal endogenous FA with POAG.

Methods: Thirty-four elderly patients with POAG and sixteen healthy controls were enrolled.

Systemic Associations of Exfoliation Syndrome.

Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is an age-related disease characterized by the production, deposition, and progressive accumulation of a white, fibrillar, extracellular material in many ocular tissues, most prominent on the anterior lens surface and pupillary border. Its prevalence increases steadily with age in all populations. It is the most common identifiable cause of open-angle glaucoma worldwide and is a potentially reversible or even curable disease.

Visual Field Change and 24-Hour IOP-Related Profile with a Contact Lens Sensor in Treated Glaucoma Patients.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that a 24-hour recording of intraocular pressure (IOP)-related measurements derived from a contact lens sensor (CLS) correlates to the rate of visual field progression in treated glaucomatous eyes.

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study.

Participants: Forty treated glaucomatous patients with 8 or more 24-2 visual field tests.

Efficacy of the Amsler Grid Test in Evaluating Glaucomatous Central Visual Field Defects.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of the Amsler grid test in detecting central visual field (VF) defects in glaucoma.

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study.

Participants: Patients with glaucoma with reliable Humphrey 10-2 Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm standard VF on the date of enrollment or within the previous 3 months.

Genome-wide association analysis identifies TXNRD2, ATXN2 and FOXC1 as susceptibility loci for primary open-angle glaucoma.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. To identify new susceptibility loci, we performed meta-analysis on genome-wide association study (GWAS) results from eight independent studies from the United States (3,853 cases and 33,480 controls) and investigated the most significantly associated SNPs in two Australian studies (1,252 cases and 2,592 controls), three European studies (875 cases and 4,107 controls) and a Singaporean Chinese study (1,037 cases and 2,543 controls). A meta-analysis of the top SNPs identified three new associated loci: rs35934224[T] in TXNRD2 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.

Intraocular Pressure Rise in Subjects with and without Glaucoma during Four Common Yoga Positions.

Purpose: To measure changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) in association with yoga exercises with a head-down position.

Methods: The single Center, prospective, observational study included 10 subjects with primary open-angle glaucoma and 10 normal individuals, who performed the yoga exercises of Adho Mukha Svanasana, Uttanasana, Halasana and Viparita Karani for two minutes each. IOP was measured by pneumatonometry at baseline and during and after the exercises.

Exfoliation syndrome: assembling the puzzle pieces.

Purpose: To summarize various topics and the cutting edge approaches to refine XFS pathogenesis that were discussed at the 21st annual Glaucoma Foundation Think Tank meeting in New York City, Sept. 19-20, 2014.

Methods: The highlights of three categories of talks on cutting edge research in the field were summarized.

Central Glaucomatous Damage of the Macula Can Be Overlooked by Conventional OCT Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Analyses.

Purpose: To assess the extent to which glaucomatous damage of the macula can be detected using the summary statistics of a commercial report based upon the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness obtained with frequency domain optical coherence tomography (fdOCT).

Methods: One hundred forty-three eyes of 143 open-angle glaucoma patients and suspects (56.4 ± 13.

Cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.

The optic nerve head forms the interface between the intraocular compartment and the retrobulbar compartment. The former is characterized by what we term intraocular pressure (IOP) and the latter by orbital cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP). The trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference (TLCPD) is defined as the difference between the pressures in the two compartments.

A Region-of-Interest Approach for Detecting Progression of Glaucomatous Damage With Optical Coherence Tomography.

Importance: Detecting progression of glaucomatous damage is often challenging.

Objective: To test the feasibility of using frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) and a region-of-interest (ROI) approach to measure progressive changes in glaucomatous damage.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Among a group of patients in an institutional glaucoma practice who were likely to show glaucoma progression, eyes with a history of an optic disc hemorrhage (DH) confirmed by stereophotography were followed up with FD-OCT cube scans of the optic disc.

Clinical Signs and Characteristics of Exfoliation Syndrome and Exfoliative Glaucoma in Northern China.

Purpose: To investigate the frequency and clinical features of exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and exfoliative glaucoma (XFG) in northern China.

Design: A retrospective medical chart review.

Methods: The review was conducted in Beijing Tongren Hospital.