Exfoliation syndrome in Northern Nigeria.

Purpose: To estimate the frequency of exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and its association with ocular diseases in Northern Nigeria.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients who presented to the outpatient department of ECWA Eye Hospital Kano from February 2015 to May 2015 were included in the study. Each patient had a complete ophthalmic examination.

Testosterone Pathway Genetic Polymorphisms in Relation to Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: An Analysis in Two Large Datasets.

Purpose: Sex hormones may be associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), although the mechanisms are unclear. We previously observed that gene variants involved with estrogen metabolism were collectively associated with POAG in women but not men; here we assessed gene variants related to testosterone metabolism collectively and POAG risk.

Methods: We used two datasets: one from the United States (3853 cases and 33,480 controls) and another from Australia (1155 cases and 1992 controls).

The African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES) III: Contribution of Genotype to Glaucoma Phenotype in African Americans: Study Design and Baseline Data.

Purpose: To describe the study protocol and baseline characteristics of the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES) III.

Design: Cross-sectional, case-control study.

Participants: Three thousand two hundred sixty-six glaucoma patients and control participants without glaucoma of African or European descent were recruited from 5 study centers in different regions of the United States.

Ocular and Clinical Characteristics Associated with the Extent of Posterior Lamina Cribrosa Curve in Normal Tension Glaucoma.

Although normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is pathogenetically heterogenous, there have been few attempts to subclassify NTG patients according to the mechanism and anatomy of optic nerve damage. This cross-sectional study was performed to investigate differences in the clinical and ocular characteristics between NTG patient groups stratified according to the degree of posterior lamina cribrosa (LC) curve which was assessed by calculating LC curvature index (LCCI). A total of 101 eyes of 101 treatment naïve NTG patients were included.

The iridocorneal endothelial syndrome.

The iridocorneal endothelial syndrome represents a unique group of ocular pathologies (Chandler syndrome, progressive iris atrophy, and Cogan-Reese syndrome) characterized by the proliferation of corneal endothelial cells that migrate toward the iridocorneal angle and iris surface causing, to a degree varying according to the subtype, corneal edema and decompensation and secondary glaucoma, whether by obstructing the angle or producing peripheral anterior synechiae by contraction of the basement membrane of the migrating cells over the surface of the iris. A triggering factor, possibly viral, induces the corneal endothelial cells to proliferate and behave like epithelial cells. Diagnosis is made based on typical ocular findings on the cornea and iris.

Pattern of peripapillary capillary density loss in ischemic optic neuropathy compared to that in primary open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: Both non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) damage retinal ganglion cell axons, which are perfused by the radial peripapillary capillaries. To evaluate the pattern of ischemia, we compared peripapillary capillary density (PCD) in NAION eyes to POAG eyes matched for visual field mean deviation and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.

Methods: 31 chronic NAION (>6 months after the acute event) and unaffected fellow eyes (31 subjects), 42 moderate and severe POAG eyes (27 subjects), and 77 control eyes (46 healthy subjects) were imaged with a commercial optical coherence tomography angiography system (AngioVue, Avanti RTVue-XR, Optovue, CA) at two academic institutions.

Blindness and visual impairment in opera.

Purpose: The performing arts mirror the human condition. This study sought to analyze the reasons for inclusion of visually impaired characters in opera, the cause of the blindness or near blindness, and the dramatic purpose of the blindness in the storyline.

Methods: We reviewed operas from the 18 century to 2010 and included all characters with ocular problems.

Relationship Between Optic Nerve Head Drusen Volume and Structural and Functional Optic Nerve Damage.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the relationships between optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) volume, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and visual field (VF) loss.

Methods: Patients with ONHD and no other ocular or systemic conditions that can affect RNFL or VF were enrolled. Serial enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) B-scans of the optic nerve head (interval between scans, ~30 μm) were obtained from each participant.

Hybrid Deep Learning on Single Wide-field Optical Coherence tomography Scans Accurately Classifies Glaucoma Suspects.

Purpose: Existing summary statistics based upon optical coherence tomographic (OCT) scans and/or visual fields (VFs) are suboptimal for distinguishing between healthy and glaucomatous eyes in the clinic. This study evaluates the extent to which a hybrid deep learning method (HDLM), combined with a single wide-field OCT protocol, can distinguish eyes previously classified as either healthy suspects or mild glaucoma.

Methods: In total, 102 eyes from 102 patients, with or suspected open-angle glaucoma, had previously been classified by 2 glaucoma experts as either glaucomatous (57 eyes) or healthy/suspects (45 eyes).

Genomic Organization of TBK1 Copy Number Variations in Glaucoma Patients.

Background: Approximately 1% of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) cases are caused by TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) gene duplications and triplications. However, the precise borders and orientation of these TBK1 gene copy number variations (CNVs) on chromosome 12 are unknown.

Methods: We determined the exact borders of TBK1 CNVs and the orientation of duplicated or triplicated DNA segments in 5 NTG patients with different TBK1 mutations using whole-genome sequencing.

Assessment of patient perception of glaucomatous visual field loss and its association with disease severity using Amsler grid.

Purpose: To investigate patients' perception of glaucomatous VF loss and its association with glaucoma severity using the Amsler grid test.

Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, glaucoma patients with abnormal 10-2 Humphrey Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm-standard VF tests were enrolled consecutively. All patients underwent a black-on-white Amsler grid test for each eligible eye.

Mutations of conserved non-coding elements of PITX2 in patients with ocular dysgenesis and developmental glaucoma.

Mutations in FOXC1 and PITX2 constitute the most common causes of ocular anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD), and confer a high risk for secondary glaucoma. The genetic causes underlying ASD in approximately half of patients remain unknown, despite many of them being screened by whole exome sequencing. Here, we performed whole genome sequencing on DNA from two affected individuals from a family with dominantly inherited ASD and glaucoma to identify a 748-kb deletion in a gene desert that contains conserved putative PITX2 regulatory elements.

Urrets-Zavalia Syndrome After Diode Laser Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation.

Objective: To report the occurrence of 5 cases of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome after transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC).

Design: Retrospective cases series.

Methods: A review of the charts of 5 patients treated with TSCPC as primary glaucoma surgery who developed Urrets-Zavalia syndrome.

Glaucoma.

Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterised by cupping of the optic nerve head and visual-field damage. It is the most frequent cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Progression usually stops if the intraocular pressure is lowered by 30-50% from baseline.

A Novel Method for Assessing Lamina Cribrosa Structure Ex Vivo Using Anterior Segment Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of anterior segment enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) for ex vivo lamina cribrosa (LC) imaging.

Materials And Methods: After removing anterior segment and vitreous, the optic nerve head (ONH) tissue of porcine eyes was placed on a customized eye holder for imaging. Serial EDI OCT B-scans (interval, ∼35 μm) of the ONH were obtained using anterior segment module of spectral-domain OCT.

Glaucoma Diagnostic Capability of Circumpapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Circle Scans With Different Diameters.

Purpose: To compare varying circumpapillary optical coherence tomographic (OCT) scan diameters for glaucoma diagnosis.

Materials And Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional, observational study. Circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) was measured using spectral-domain OCT in 1 randomly selected eye.

The Association Between Clinical Features Seen on Fundus Photographs and Glaucomatous Damage Detected on Visual Fields and Optical Coherence Tomography Scans.

Purpose: To classify the appearance of the optic disc seen on fundus photographs of healthy subjects and patients with or suspected glaucoma whose diagnosis was based upon visual fields (VFs) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (sdOCT) results.

Patients And Methods: One eye of 100 patients with or suspected glaucoma and 62 healthy subjects were prospectively tested with 24-2 and 10-2 VF and macular and disc sdOCT cube scans. All eyes with or suspected glaucoma had a 24-2 mean deviation better than -6.

Optical Coherence Tomography and Glaucoma Progression: A Comparison of a Region of Interest Approach to Average Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness.

Purpose: To determine whether the change in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in a region of interest (ROI) is a better measure of glaucoma progression than the change in average circumpapillary (cp) RNFL thickness.

Methods: Disc cube scans were obtained with frequency domain optical coherence tomography from 60 eyes of 60 patients (age, 61.7±12.

Nailfold capillary morphology in exfoliation syndrome.

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to investigate nailfold microvascular morphology in exfoliation syndrome with or without glaucoma (XFS/XFG) compared with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and control subjects using nailfold capillary videomicroscopy.Patients and methodsWe used a JH-1004 capillaroscope to perform nailfold capillary videomicroscopy on the fourth and fifth digit of the non-dominant hand. We enrolled 56 XFS/XFG patients, 87 POAG patients, and 75 control subjects.

Microarchitecture of Schlemm Canal Before and After Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To characterize the in vivo effect of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) on the Schlemm canal (SC) in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Materials And Methods: Eighty-one serial horizontal enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomograph B-scans (interval between B-scans, ∼35 μm) of the nasal corneoscleral limbus were obtained before and 4 weeks after SLT. Fifty B-scans in the overlapping regions before and after SLT were selected for analysis based on the structures of aqueous and blood vessels as landmarks.

Collagen matrix vs mitomycin-C in trabeculectomy and combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Antifibrotic agents are commonly utilized to enhance the success rates of trabeculectomy. Novel approaches to further improve success rates and reduce the risks of complications are needed. The purpose of this study was to compare intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy or combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C (MMC) vs.

Is Autophagy Dysfunction a Key to Exfoliation Glaucoma?

In this short report we review previous work toward the identification of the protein and cellular sources of exfoliation glaucoma and described our recent finding on dysfunction of autophagy in Tenon capsule fibroblasts obtained from exfoliation syndrome glaucoma patients at the time of surgery and discuss the potential implications of these findings for understanding the cellular sources of the disease.