Bath-Induced Spin Inertia.

Spin dynamics is usually described as massless or, more precisely, as free of inertia. Recent experiments, however, found direct evidence for inertial spin dynamics. In turn, it is necessary to rethink the basics of spin dynamics.

Divergence of Critical Fluctuations on Approaching Catastrophic Phase Inversion in Turbulent Emulsions.

Catastrophic phase inversion, the breakdown of a concentrated emulsion characterized by the most puzzling sudden feature, is crucial in numerous industrial applications. Here we combine well-controlled experiments and fully resolved numerical simulations to study the critical dynamics of catastrophic phase inversion in oil-water emulsions under turbulent flow as the phase-inversion volume fraction is approached. We reveal that the phase inversion is characterized by the critical power-law divergence of fluctuations in the global drag force.

A polymer nanogel-based therapeutic nanovaccine for prophylaxis and direct treatment of tumors a full-cycle immunomodulation.

Construction of a cancer nanovaccine that can simultaneously activate immune cells and exert efficient tumor treatment still remains a challenge. Herein, we showcase a proof-of-concept demonstration of an advanced therapeutic nanovaccine formulation based on poly(-vinylcaprolactam) nanogels (NGs) which were loaded with manganese dioxide (MnO), the sonosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6), and the immune adjuvant cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). The gels were furthermore coated with apoptotic cancer cell membranes (AM).

Spontaneous Formation of π-Conjugated Polymeric Colloidal Molecules Through Stepwise Coacervation and Symmetric Compartmentalization.

Coacervation, the phase separation of liquid induced by polymeric solutes, sometimes results in the formation of oligomeric clusters of droplets. The morphology of the clusters is non-uniform because the clustering is a consequence of the random collisions of the drifting droplets. Here we report distinctively organized coacervation, yielding colloidal molecules with monodisperse size, morphological symmetry, and compositional heterogeneity.

Global motor dynamics - Invariant neural representations of motor behavior in distributed brain-wide recordings.

Motor-related neural activity is more widespread than previously thought, as pervasive brain-wide neural correlates of motor behavior have been reported in various animal species. Brain-wide movement-related neural activity have been observed in individual brain areas in humans as well, but it is unknown to what extent global patterns exist.Here, we use a decoding approach to capture and characterize brain-wide neural correlates of movement.

Magnetically Driven Hydrogel Surfaces for Modulating Macrophage Behavior.

During the host response toward implanted biomaterials, macrophages can shift phenotypes rapidly upon changes in their microenvironment within the host tissue. Exploration of this phenomenon can benefit significantly from the development of adequate tools. Creating cell microenvironment alterations on classical hydrogel substrates presents challenges, particularly when integrating them with cell cultivation and monitoring processes.

Long-Lived Triplets from Singlet Fission in Pentacene-Decorated Helical Supramolecular Polymers.

Singlet fission (SF), which involves the conversion of a singlet excited state into two triplet excitons, holds great potential to boost the efficiency of photovoltaics. However, losses due to triplet-triplet annihilation hamper the efficient harvesting of SF-generated triplet excitons, which limits an effective implementation in solar energy conversion schemes. A fundamental understanding of the underlying structure-property relationships is thus crucial to define design principles for cutting-edge SF materials, yet it remains elusive.

In vivo Multi-perspective 3D + t Ultrasound Imaging and Motion Estimation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.

Time-resolved three-dimensional ultrasound (3D + t US) is a promising imaging modality for monitoring abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), providing their 3D geometry and motion. The lateral contrast of US is poor, a well-documented drawback which multi-perspective (MP) imaging could resolve. This study aims to show the feasibility of in vivo multi-perspective 3D + t ultrasound imaging of AAAs for improving the image contrast and displacement accuracy.

Direct and Ultrasensitive Bioluminescent Detection of Intact Respiratory Viruses.

Respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represent pressing health risks. Rapid diagnostic tests for these viruses detect single antigens or nucleic acids, which do not necessarily correlate with the amount of the intact virus. Instead, specific detection of intact respiratory virus particles may be more effective at assessing the contagiousness of a patient.

Power-Law Scaling Relating the Average Charge State and Kinetic Energy in Expanding Laser-Driven Plasmas.

A universal power-law scaling z[over ¯]∝E^{0.4} in the correlation between the average ion charge state z[over ¯] and kinetic energy E in expanding laser-driven tin plasmas is identified. Universality here refers to an insensitivity to all experimental conditions: target geometry, expansion direction, laser wavelength, and power density.

YAP/TAZ drives Notch and angiogenesis mechanoregulation in silico.

Endothelial cells are key players in the cardiovascular system. Among other things, they are responsible for sprouting angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation essential for both health and disease. Endothelial cells are strongly regulated by the juxtacrine signaling pathway Notch.

Towards an improved wind effect assessment for asbestos abatement: A methodology for reduced-scale experiments.

During building renovation or demolition, asbestos fibers can be released which can contaminate the environment, leading to potential occupational health and public health concerns. Strict asbestos abatement procedures and regulations are in place to mitigate this risk, which involve sealing the worksite and depressurizing it relative to the outdoor environment (i.e.

The quantification of bone mineral density using photon counting computed tomography and its implications for detecting bone remodeling.

HR-pQCT has become standard practice when quantifying volumetric BMD (vBMD) in vivo. Yet, it is only accessible to peripheral sites, with small fields of view and lengthy scanning times. This limits general applicability in clinical workflows.

Modeling of enzymatic transesterification for omega-3 fatty acids enrichment in fish oil.

Mathematical models of transesterification commonly assume that oil is a mixture of triacylglycerols, where each component has only one type of acid attached. This article aims to show how a different assumption on acid distribution affects the results of acylglycerols fraction composition. Experiments of fish oil ethanolysis have been performed at different enzyme loadings and ethanol concentrations, leading to enrichments from 35 % to 52 % of ω3 mass fraction in acylglycerols, by losing 12.

Engineering Functional Particles to Modulate T Cell Responses.

T cells play a critical role in adaptive immune responses. They work with other immune cells such as B cells to protect our bodies when the first line of defense, the innate immune system, is overcome by certain infectious diseases or cancers. Studying and regulating the responses of T cells, such as activation, proliferation, and differentiation, helps us understand not only their behavior but also their translation and application in the field of immunotherapy, such as adoptive T cell therapy and immune checkpoint therapy, the situations in which T cells cannot fight cancer alone and require external engineering regulation to help them.

Graph Neural Networks for Carbon Dioxide Adsorption Prediction in Aluminum-Substituted Zeolites.

The ability to efficiently predict adsorption properties of zeolites can be of large benefit in accelerating the design process of novel materials. The existing configuration space for these materials is wide, while existing molecular simulation methods are computationally expensive. In this work, we propose a model which is 4 to 5 orders of magnitude faster at adsorption properties compared to molecular simulations.

Developmental differences in canonical cortical networks: Insights from microstructure-informed tractography.

In response to a growing interest in refining brain connectivity assessments, this study focuses on integrating white matter fiber-specific microstructural properties into structural connectomes. Spanning ages 8-19 years in a developmental sample, it explores age-related patterns of microstructure-informed network properties at both local and global scales. First, the diffusion-weighted signal fraction associated with each tractography-reconstructed streamline was constructed.