Histopathological domain adaptation with generative adversarial networks: Bridging the domain gap between thyroid cancer histopathology datasets.

Deep learning techniques are increasingly being used to classify medical imaging data with high accuracy. Despite this, due to often limited training data, these models can lack sufficient generalizability to predict unseen test data, produced in different domains, with comparable performance. This study focuses on thyroid histopathology image classification and investigates whether a Generative Adversarial Network [GAN], trained with just 156 patient samples, can produce high quality synthetic images to sufficiently augment training data and improve overall model generalizability.

Ultrastructural imaging biomarkers in diabetic macular edema: A major review.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a vision-threatening complication of diabetic retinopathy and causes significant morbidity in patients. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents are the mainstay of treatment for DME, with steroid implants being used for the treatment of anti-VEGF resistant eyes. Over the years, several classification systems have been devised to describe the patterns of DME using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Efficacy of thyme honey in the management of oral aphthous ulcers: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

The current study aimed to assess the effect of thyme honey on pain relief in patients with minor aphthous ulcers as a primary objective, its healing effect on ulcer size reduction, and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). In this randomized clinical trial, 30 patients (15 in each group) having minor aphthous ulcers at the oral diagnostic clinic at the British University in Egypt were treated with either thyme honey or triamcinolone acetonide in orabase. Different clinical parameters were recorded for both groups at various intervals, such as pain intensity using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), size of ulcers in mm, and OHIP-14.

Olive and Linseed Oil Blend-Based Nanoemulsions Fortified With Ginger Extract Nutraceutical: Mitigating Liver Fibrosis Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride by Regulating Oxidative Stress and TGF-β/MMP9 Signaling Pathway in Rats.

Liver fibrosis is a significant contributor to global morbidity and mortality, making the identification of non-toxic natural therapies to slow its progression essential. This study evaluated the anti-fibrotic potential of a nutraceutical blend comprising extra virgin olive oil, linseed oil, and ginger extract, formulated in both emulsion and nanoemulsion forms, using a rat model of liver fibrosis. Nanoemulsions were prepared using the ultrasonication technique, and their particle size and stability were analyzed via the DLS method.

Novel coumarin linked pyrazoles, thiazoles, and thiadiazoles: synthetic strategies and in vitro antimicrobial investigation.

Aim: Emerging resistance among pathogens necessitates the development of novel antimicrobial agents. As a result, we aimed to synthesize new coumarins and study their antimicrobial activity with the hope of obtaining effective drugs.

Method: A series of coumarins were synthesized, characterized, and assessed for antimicrobial activity using broth microdilution and agar diffusion methods against Gram-positive (), Gram-negative () bacteria, and fungi ().

Synergistic effects of AgNPs and zileuton on PCOS via ferroptosis and inflammation mitigation.

Background: The most prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women is PCOS. Programmed death of ovarian cells has yet to be elucidated. Ferroptosis is a kind of iron-dependent necrosis featured by significantly Fe-dependent lipid peroxidation.

Scrotal Gangrene Secondary to Staphylococcus Aureus Infection: A Case Report.

Aim: To present a case of scrotal gangrene secondary to Staphylococcus aureus infection, highlighting the importance of early intervention and multidisciplinary care in the management of Fournier's gangrene.

Case Presentation: This case report details the clinical course of a 67-year-old male who presented with severe perineal pain and swelling, later diagnosed as Fournier's gangrene due to Staphylococcus aureus infection. The patient underwent emergency surgical debridement and received antibiotic therapy.

"Letter to the Editor: A Correction to [Outcomes of Bolus Dose Furosemide Versus Continuous Infusion in Patients With Acute Decompensated Left Ventricular Failure and Atrial Fibrillation]".

We recently reviewed the article titled "Outcomes of Bolus Dose Furosemide Versus Continuous Infusion in Patients With Acute Decompensated Left Ventricular Failure and Atrial Fibrillation" published in Clinical Cardiology by [khan et al.] (1) with great interest. This study addresses a crucial area of clinical practice, and we appreciate the authors' efforts in exploring this topic.

Nanoscale Systems for Local Activation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha: A New Approach in Diabetic Wound Management.

Chronic wounds in diabetic patients experience significant clinical challenges due to compromised healing processes. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a critical regulator in the cellular response to hypoxia, enhancing angiogenesis and tissue restoration. Nevertheless, the cellular response to the developed chronic hypoxia within diabetes is impaired, likely due to the destabilization of HIF-1α via degradation by prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes.

Comparative Study of Essential Oils Extracted From Miller Seeds Using Hydrodistillation, Steam Distillation, and Superheated Steam Distillation.

Miller is a highly valued aromatic and nutritious plant. The unique compositions of its essential oil make it more valuable in the flavor, fragrance, and medicinal industries. However, the potential of superheated steam distillation for obtaining essential oils from its seeds has not been explored in detail.

Drones and Workers of Honeybee L. Dried Powder: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Assessment.

This study explores honeybee as a food source through chemical analysis of pupa and adult stages of honeybee drones and workers ( L.). The findings reveal that drones exhibited higher protein and fat content, while workers have the highest carbohydrate levels.

Optimizing Probiotic Low-Fat Yogurt: The Benefits of Incorporating Defatted Rice Bran for Enhanced Quality and Functionality.

This study investigated the effects of incorporating defatted rice bran (DRB) at different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) on the quality, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of probiotic low-fat yogurt (LFY) during a 21-day storage period at 4°C.

Candidemia chronicles: Retrospective analysis of candidemia epidemiology, species distribution, and antifungal susceptibility patterns in Bahrain.

Background: Invasive fungal infections, particularly candidemia, pose significant clinical challenges globally. Understanding local epidemiology, species distribution, and antifungal susceptibility patterns is crucial for effective management despite regional variations.

Aim: To investigate the epidemiology, species distribution, antifungal susceptibility patterns, and associated risk factors of candidemia among patients in Bahrain from 2021 to 2023.

Cubosomes as Delivery System to Repositioning Nitrofurantoin in Breast Cancer Management.

Purpose: Nitrofurantoin (NITRO), a long-standing antibiotic to treat urinary tract infections, is activated by Nitro reductases. This activation mechanism has led to its exploration for repositioning applications in controlling and treating breast cancer, which express a Nitro reductase gene.

Methods: NITRO Cubosomes were developed using hot homogenization according to 2-full factorial design.

Tobacco taxes can save the next generation in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

Background: Tobacco use remains a significant challenge to public health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), particularly among adolescents, despite various control measures implemented by countries.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco taxation policies in reducing consumption among adolescents in the EMR and identify optimal tax structures and enforcement strategies.

Methods: We analysed data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey and the Global Tobacco Control Report up to 2023 to assess prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents, access to tobacco products, and types of taxes imposed by EMR countries.

Development of a policy brief to reform waterpipe tobacco taxation in Egypt.

Background: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing in Egypt, although there are several interventions to reduce its use.

Aim: To describe the development of a policy brief to reform waterpipe tobacco taxation in Egypt.

Methods: During 2019-2022, we synthesized available literature evidence on waterpipe tobacco taxation in Egypt and other countries.

A review of sugar-sweetened beverages taxation in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) as part of cost-effective interventions to prevent diet-related noncommunicable diseases.

Aim: To analyse the adoption and implementation of SSBs taxation in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates and its impact on obesity rates.

Methods: Using a semi-structured questionnaire, we collected information on progress with implementation of SSBs taxes in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates between January 2015 and December 2023.

Impact of taxation on tobacco products prices in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates.

Background: In 2016, the 6 Gulf Cooperation Council countries agreed to implement a harmonized excise tax on tobacco products, at a rate of 100% of the pre-tax price.

Aim: To assess the implementation of tobacco taxation in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates and its impact on consumer prices, affordability and substitution possibilities.

Methods: This study conducted simple descriptive analysis of open-source secondary data reported to WHO by Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates on cigarette excise taxes, price levels, price dispersion, and affordability.

Situation analysis of sugar‑sweetened beverages taxation in Eastern Mediterranean Region.

Background: Significant attention is being given to the role of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in the increasing rates of obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR).

Aim: To document the different approaches being used by EMR countries in implementing the sugar-sweetened beverages taxation.

Methods: This study used data on indirect taxes levied on SSBs by the 22 EMR countries and territories collected by WHO between July 2022 and June 2023.

The impact of health taxes on consumption of tobacco and sugar-sweetened beverages in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

Consumption of tobacco, nicotine and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) poses a significant risk to public health, contributing to increases in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and obesity. Globally, regular consumption of SSBs increases the risk of type 2 diabetes by 26%, and deaths related to tobacco and nicotine consumption exceed 8 million annually, including 1.3 million due to exposure to second-hand smoke.

Histone Modification-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of Defence Genes in Early Response of Arabidopsis to Spodoptera litura Attack.

Histone modification is a cellular process for transcriptional regulation. In herbivore-damaged plants, activation of genes involved in defence responses is required for antiherbivore properties, but little is known about how the chromatin remodelling system is involved. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants responding to Spodoptera litura larvae, HAC1 and HDA6, a histone acetyltransferase and a histone deacetylase, respectively, were found here to be involved in histone H3 (Lys9; H3K9) acetylation/deacetylation at the promoter region of the plant defensin gene PDF1.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing carbetocin to oxytocin in prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean delivery in low-risk women.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Carbetocin compared to oxytocin in prevention of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) after low-risk cesarean delivery (CD).

Search Strategy: Screening of Medline, Web Of Science, Scopus, Google scholar, and clinical trials registry till January 2024 using the key words related to carbetocin, blood loss, PPH, Cesarean section and their MeSH terms was done.

Selection Criteria: This study included all RCTs conducted on women with low risk for developing PPH after CD and compared the administration of carbetocin to oxytocin without any language limitation.

The Effect of Propolis on Hatched Eggs Previously Infected With Avian Pathogenic E. coli.

We investigated the effect of propolis as a sanitiser on hatched eggs previously infected with avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) (APEC) serogroup O78. A green propolis watery extract at 24% and a native breed hatching eggs have been used in this study.

Productive, Reproductive, Behavioural, Gene Expression, Histological, and Economic Criteria of Feeding Fenugreek and Berseem Seeds as Alternative Protein Sources in New Zealand White Does Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus).

Feed cost represents about 70% of the total production costs of rabbit farms. There is little research on the usage of Berseem and Fenugreek seeds as substitutes for soybeans in rabbit diets. The current investigation was conducted to assess the influence of dietary inclusion of Fenugreek and/or Berseem seeds at varying levels as a substitute for soybean meal on reproductive performance, milk production, maternal behaviour, economic efficiency, mammary gland and ovarian histology, and relative expression of reproductive genes of New Zealand White rabbit does.