Acute appendicitis and its treatment: a historical overview.

Purpose: Acute appendicitis (AA) is the leading cause of acute abdomen worldwide, with an incidence of 90-100 cases per 100,000 individuals annually and a lifetime risk of 7-12%. Despite its prevalence, historical accounts of AA are limited, particularly when compared to conditions like haemorrhoids, likely due to the appendix's internal location. This article traces the historical evolution of AA treatment from ancient times to the present, highlighting key contributions.

Evaluation of the role of circular RNA (circ-FAF1) as a diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer in a cohort of Egyptian breast cancer patients.

Background: The identification of circulating potential biomarkers may help earlier diagnosis of breast cancer, which is critical for effective treatment and better disease outcomes. We aimed to study the role of circ-FAF1 as a diagnostic biomarker in female breast cancer using peripheral blood samples of these patients, and to investigate the relation between circ-FAF1 and different clinicopathological features of the included patients.

Methods And Results: This case-control study enrolled 60 female breast cancer patients and 60 age-matched healthy control subjects.

Liraglutide and denatonium benzoate attenuate T2DM-induced metabolic, neurological, and testicular changes in rats: Targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and BCRP transporter.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) adversely affects various organs, including the brain and its blood barrier. In addition to the brain, hyperglycemia damages the testes. The testes possess blood-tissue barriers that share common characteristics and proteins with the blood-brain barrier (BBB), including breast cancer-resistant protein (BCRP).

Celastrol boosts fluconazole efficacy against vaginal candidiasis: in vitro and in vivo evidence.

Candida albicans is a commensal fungus that naturally inhabits the vagina. However, overgrowth of C. albicans can result in vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), one of the most prevalent fungal infections affecting women.

Effect of anterior chamber depth on corneal endothelium following phacoemulsification among patients with different axial lengths.

Purpose: To assess the effect of anterior chamber depth on corneal endothelium using specular microscopy following uneventful phacoemulsification among cataract patients with different axial lengths.

Methods: The study was conducted in a quasi-experimental design including 300 eyes of 300 patients with grade three age-related nuclear cataract distributed equally based on their axial length into three equal groups. All eyes had grade three nuclear cataract.

Impact of polyvinyl chloride nano-plastics on the biochemical status of Oreochromis niloticus under a predicted global warming scenario.

Plastic pollution and global warming are widespread issues that lead to several impacts on aquatic organisms. Despite harmful studies on both subjects, there are few studies on how temperature increases plastics' adverse effects on aquatic animals, mainly freshwater species. So, this study aims to clarify the potential impact of temperature increases on the toxicological properties of polyvinyl chloride nano-plastics (PVC-NPs) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by measuring biochemical and oxidative biomarkers.

Ecofriendly remediation of cadmium, lead, and zinc using dead cells of Microcystis aeruginosa.

The utilization of cyanobacteria toxin-producing blooms for metal ions adsorption has garnered significant attention over the last decade. This study investigates the efficacy of dead cells from Microcystis aeruginosa blooms, collected from agricultural drainage water reservoir, in removing of cadmium, lead, and zinc ions from aqueous solutions, and simultaneously addressing the mitigation of toxin-producing M. aeruginosa bloom.

Leveraging survival analysis and machine learning for accurate prediction of breast cancer recurrence and metastasis.

Breast cancer, with its high incidence and mortality globally, necessitates early prediction of local and distant recurrence to improve treatment outcomes. This study develops and validates predictive models for breast cancer recurrence and metastasis using Recurrence-Free Survival Analysis and machine learning techniques. We merged datasets from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Duke University, and the SEER program, creating a comprehensive dataset of 272, 252 rows and 23 columns.

Evaluation of bond durability of different self-adhesive bioactive restorative systems to dentin.

This study aimed to compare the bonding efficacy three bioactive self-adhesive restorative systems to dentin. A total of 80 permanent human molars were utilized in this study. The occlusal enamel was removed to exposed mid-coronal dentin; 40 molars were used for microshear bond strength testing, while the remaining molars were used for micromorphological analysis of restoration/dentin interface.

Evaluation of anterior fixed appliances on maxillary arch growth in preschool children.

This study aimed to evaluate a new modified fixed appliance for rehabilitation of premature loss of anterior teeth in preschool children versus a modified Nance appliance on maxillary arch growth with parental satisfaction. The study was conducted as a clinical trial and it was carried out at Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University. Forty preschool children from both genders aged from 3-5 years were included in the study.

The efficacy of non-depolarizing muscle relaxant as adjuvants to local anesthesia in peribulbar block during cataract surgery.

Peribulbar anesthesia is mainly used for cataract surgery. Many studies had used atracurium and rocuronium as an additive to the local anesthetic (LA) drugs in eye surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of adding atracurium versus rocuronium to a local anesthetic mixture, in providing an early onset of orbital akinesia and corneal anesthesia during cataract surgery.

Reliability of unicortical plate fixation for metacarpal shaft fractures: A preliminary clinical report with short-term follow-up.

Background: Unicortical plate fixation offers several theoretical advantages in the treatment of metacarpal shaft fractures compared to bicortical fixation. This approach avoids the potential hazard of excessive drilling into the volar cortex, thus minimizing damage to surrounding soft tissues and helping prevent complications related to improperly sized screws. These benefits prompted our team to conduct a preliminary clinical study to investigate the effectiveness and safety of this approach.

Long-term visual outcomes and side effects of ruthenium plaque brachytherapy in 310 eyes with small choroidal melanoma.

Background/aims: To report the long-term visual outcomes and side effects in patients with small choroidal melanoma (CM) undergoing ruthenium-106 (Ru-106) plaque brachytherapy.

Methods: Retrospective, interventional, consecutive series of small CM ≤2.5 mm in height and ≤16 mm in largest basal diameter treated with Ru-106 plaque with a median radiation dose of 100 Gy prescribed to tumour apical height.

Alkalinity exposure induced growth inhibition, intestinal histopathological changes, and down-regulated nutrient transporter expression in Nile Tilapia: The ameliorative role of dietary camel whey protein hydrolysates.

Alkaline stress impairs fish productivity and performance and, therefore, is considered one of the major challenges facing aquaculture. In this work, the effects of supplementing diets with camel whey protein hydrolysates (WPH) on growth, digestion, antioxidant capacity, and gene expression were investigated in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under alkaline stress. A total of 160 fish (16.

Augmented silver sulfadiazine nanostructured lipid carriers impregnated collagen sponge for promoting burn wound healing.

Silver sulfadiazine (SSD) is a widely used antibacterial agent for burn wound treatment owing to its capability in re-epithelialization and wound healing. However, due to its low solubility, the need for an effective drug delivery system is mandatory. This study aimed to optimize SSD nanostructured lipid-based carriers (NLCs), incorporated in a collagen sponge form as an innovative topical dosage form for effective burn wound treatment.

The PPAR-α agonist oleoyethanolamide (OEA) ameliorates valproic acid-induced steatohepatitis in rats via suppressing Wnt3a/β-catenin and activating PGC-1α: Involvement of network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Liver damage is one of the most severe side effects of valproic acid (VPA) therapy. Research indicates that PPAR-α prevents Wnt3a/β-catenin-induced PGC-1α dysregulation, which is linked to liver injury. Although PPAR-α activation has hepatoprotective effects, its role in preventing VPA-induced liver injury remains unclear.

Enhancing single-stage partial nitritation-anammox process with airlift inner-circulation and oxygen partition: a novel strategy for treating high-strength ammonium wastewater.

In the single-stage partial nitritation-anammox process for high-ammonium wastewater treatment, the presence of sufficient biomass with high activity is essential. This study developed an innovative airlift inner-circulation partition bioreactor (AIPBR) with a dual-cylinder structure. During the 362 days' operation, the AIPBR exhibited robust and stable nitrogen removal performance under diverse influent ammonium spanning from 300 to 1800 mg N/L.

BarH1 regulates the expression of conserved odorant-binding protein 22 from Dastarcus helophoroides.

Chemical signals are pivotal in establishing tritrophic interactions among host plants, herbivorous insects, and natural enemies. Previous studies have shown that evolutionarily conserved MaltOBPs in Monochamus alternatus and DhelOBPs in Dastarcus helophoroides contribute to the establishment of pine -pest - natural enemy tritrophic interactions by recognizing the same volatile emitted by the host during crucial developmental stages. We hypothesized that the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of evolutionarily conserved OBPs respectively from pests and enemies are similar.

A real-world data of serum neurofilament light chain in a large cohort of Egyptian multiple sclerosis patients: Hospital-based study.

Background: Serum neurofilament light chain (sNFL) is a promising biomarker for neuroaxonal injury in multiple sclerosis (MS). Traditional clinical and radiological examinations often fail to capture the underlying neurodegeneration, particularly in the absence of clinical relapses or gadolinium-enhanced lesions. This study aims to assess sNFL levels in real-world MS patients who have no evidence of activity, to evaluate the potential of sNFL as a biomarker for smoldering-associated worsening (SAW).

Novel Pyrrolidine-bearing quinoxaline inhibitors of DNA Gyrase, RNA polymerase and spike glycoprotein.

Anti-infective agents are a class of drugs used to prevent, treat, or control infections caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. They play a crucial role in modern medicine, helping to reduce the severity of infections and, in many cases, save lives. This study aims at the design and synthesis of hybrid compounds containing quinoxaline, pyrrolidine, and an azo bridge to combat antimicrobial resistance, and evaluating their antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral activities against various pathogenic strains.

Unveiling the interplay between knowledge, self-efficacy, and pro-environmental behavior about climate change in a sample of rural community-dwelling older adults: A national correlational study.

Background: Climate change is a global health concern that affects all of humanity, but it disproportionately impacts older adults, particularly those living in rural communities. Older adults lack the ability to actively engage in pro-environmental actions aimed at adapting to and mitigating the harmful effects of climate change.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between knowledge, self-efficacy, and pro-environmental behavior regarding climate change, as well as to identify the factors that predict pro-environmental behavior in a sample of rural community-dwelling older adults.

Sequence-based Identification of Polyamine Oxidase Genes in Sorghum bicolor L.

Polyamine oxidase (PAOs) are enzymes associated with polyamine catabolism and play important roles in growth and development and stress tolerance of plants. In the present study, genome-wide discovery and analysis of the PAO family in sorghum was done utilizing model PAO of Arabidopsis. Six PAO genes were found using publicly available genomic data.

Evaluation of the Recent Dynamics for Funding Medicinal Chemistry Projects in Academia. Results of a Survey Conducted by IUPAC Division VII (Chemistry and Human Health).

Data collected from scholars across twenty-three countries over the past decade (2010-2019) reveals a 40% decrease in financial support for medicinal chemistry projects. The decline is especially notable among projects focused on small organic molecules. This drop in grants indicates a troubling trend that could jeopardize future drug development by undermining research in this crucial field.