Blockade of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 exerts antitumor effect on metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer cells and promotes tumor regression when combined with Enzalutamide.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among American men. The development of metastatic castration resistant PCa (mCRPC) is the current clinical challenge. Antiandrogens such as Enzalutamide (ENZ) are commonly used for CRPC treatment.

Decoding the secrets of small extracellular vesicle communications: exploring the inhibition of vesicle-associated pathways and interception strategies for cancer treatment.

Cancer disease is the second leading cause of death worldwide. In 2023, about 2 million new cancer cases and 609,820 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. The driving forces of cancer progression and metastasis are widely varied and comprise multifactorial events.