-Mediated Demethylation Inhibitor Resistance Is Modulated by Codon Bias.

Cercospora leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola, is the most destructive foliar disease of sugarbeet worldwide. Resistance to the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide tetraconazole has been previously correlated with synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations in . Here, we extend these analyses to the DMI fungicides prothioconazole, difenoconazole, and mefentrifluconazole in addition to tetraconazole to confirm whether the synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations at amino acid positions 144 and 170 are associated with resistance to these fungicides.

A Moroccan f. Population Defeats , the Broadly Effective Resistance on Barley Chromosome 6H.

Net form net blotch (NFNB), caused by f. , is an important barley disease. The centromeric region of barley chromosome 6H has often been associated with resistance or susceptibility to NFNB, including the broadly effective dominant resistance gene derived from barley line CIho 5791.

Host and pathogen genetics reveal an inverse gene-for-gene association in the P. teres f. maculata-barley pathosystem.

Pathogen and host genetics were used to uncover an inverse gene-for-gene interaction where virulence genes from the pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. maculata target barley susceptibility genes, resulting in disease. Although models have been proposed to broadly explain how plants and pathogens interact and coevolve, each interaction evolves independently, resulting in various scenarios of host manipulation and plant defense.

A triple threat: the Parastagonospora nodorum SnTox267 effector exploits three distinct host genetic factors to cause disease in wheat.

Parastagonospora nodorum is a fungal pathogen of wheat. As a necrotrophic specialist, it deploys effector proteins that target dominant host susceptibility genes to elicit programmed cell death (PCD). Here we identify and functionally validate the effector targeting the host susceptibility genes Snn2, Snn6 and Snn7.

Varying Weed Densities Alter the Corn Transcriptome, Highlighting a Core Set of Weed-Induced Genes and Processes with Potential for Manipulating Weed Tolerance.

Corn increases the number of differentially expressed genes and the intensity of differential gene expression in response to increasing weed density. Genes associated with kinase signaling and transport functions are upregulated by weeds. Genes associated with protein production are downregulated by weeds.