Bacteriophage derived dsRNA induces polarized activation of alveolar macrophages from Balb/c and C57Bl/6 mice in vitro in sex- and age-dependent manner.

Bacteriophage-derived dsRNA (bp-dsRNA), also known as Larifan, is a poly-functional and wide-spectrum antiviral medication with potent interferonogenic activity. In the lungs of golden Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2, Larifan substantially reduces viral load and decreases infection-induced pathological lesion severity. Alveolar macrophages (AM) are key sentinel cells in the lung, which play an important role in antiviral innate immune responses and, at the same time, can trigger infection-associated hyper-inflammatory response.

CORRECTION OF PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SALIVARY GLANDS OF ANIMALS WITH PACLITAXEL-INDUCED NEUROPATHY.

Background: Paclitaxel is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent used to treat breast, ovarian, and other cancers. At the same time, paclitaxel causes peripheral neuropathy as a side effect in 45%-70% of patients.

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy on the development of pathological changes in the salivary glands of animals and to explore the possibility of correction of the identified changes with vitamin B/ATP complex.

Systemic inflammation in Aβ-induced Alzheimer's disease model: New translational opportunities.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia, and the most common neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by memory impairment, neuronal death, and synaptic loss in the hippocampus. Sporadic late-onset AD, which accounts for over 95 % of disease cases, is a multifactorial pathology with complex etiology and pathogenesis. Nowadays, neuroinflammation is considered the third most important component of AD pathogenesis in addition to amyloid peptide generation and deposition.

Illicit Drugs in Surface Waters: How to Get Fish off the Addictive Hook.

The United Nations World Drug Report published in 2022 alarmed that the global market of illicit drugs is steadily expanding in space and scale. Substances of abuse are usually perceived in the light of threats to human health and public security, while the environmental aspects of their use and subsequent emissions usually remain less explored. However, as with other human activities, drug production, trade, and consumption of drugs may leave their environmental mark.

Augmenting a training dataset of the generative diffusion model for molecular docking with artificial binding pockets.

This study introduces the PocketCFDM generative diffusion model, aimed at improving the prediction of small molecule poses in the protein binding pockets. The model utilizes a novel data augmentation technique, involving the creation of numerous artificial binding pockets that mimic the statistical patterns of non-bond interactions found in actual protein-ligand complexes. An algorithmic method was developed to assess and replicate these interaction patterns in the artificial binding pockets built around small molecule conformers.

Gut Microbiota's Oxalate-Degrading Activity and Its Implications on Cardiovascular Health in Patients with Kidney Failure: A Pilot Prospective Study.

: The present study aims to investigate the association between gut microbiota's oxalate-degrading activity (ODA) and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) over a three-year follow-up period in a cohort of patients undergoing kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Additionally, various factors were examined to gain insight into the potential mechanisms underlying the ODA-CVD link. : A cohort of 32 KRT patients and 18 healthy volunteers was enrolled in this prospective observational pilot study.

Molecular mechanisms of cholinergic neurotransmission in visceral smooth muscles with a focus on receptor-operated TRPC4 channel and impairment of gastrointestinal motility by general anaesthetics and anxiolytics.

Acetylcholine is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in visceral smooth muscles, wherein it binds to and activates two muscarinic receptors subtypes, M and M, thus causing smooth muscle excitation and contraction. The first part of this review focuses on the types of cells involved in cholinergic neurotransmission and on the molecular mechanisms underlying acetylcholine-induced membrane depolarisation, which is the central event of excitation-contraction coupling causing Ca entry via L-type Ca channels and smooth muscle contraction. Studies of the muscarinic cation current in intestinal myocytes (mI) revealed its main molecular counterpart, receptor-operated TRPC4 channel, which is activated in synergy by both M and M receptors.

Pico145 inhibits TRPC4-mediated mI and postprandial small intestinal motility.

In intestinal smooth muscle cells, receptor-operated TRPC4 are responsible for the majority of muscarinic receptor cation current (mI), which initiates cholinergic excitation-contraction coupling. Our aim was to examine the effects of the TRPC4 inhibitor Pico145 on mI and Ca signalling in mouse ileal myocytes, and on intestinal motility. Ileal myocytes freshly isolated from two month-old male BALB/c mice were used for patch-clamp recordings of whole-cell currents and for intracellular Ca imaging using Fura-2.

Low-Molecular-Mass Fragments of Collagen Improve Parameters Related to Mass and Inflammation of the Adipose Tissue in the Obese Rat.

Research Background: Despite clearly recognized links between increased body mass and increased risk for various pathological conditions, therapeutic options to treat obesity are still very limited. The aim of the present study is to explore the effect of low-molecular-mass collagen fragments obtained from the scales of Antarctic wild marine fish on rats' visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue in a high-calorie diet-induced obesity model.

Experimental Approach: The study was conducted on outbred rats, which were divided into 3 experimental groups: () control, consuming standard food (3.

Inflammatory hallmarks in 6-OHDA- and LPS-induced Parkinson's disease in rats.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting more than 1% of aged people. PD, which was previously identified as movement disorder, now is recognized as a multi-factorial systemic disease with important pathogenetic and pathophysiological role of inflammation. Reproducing local and systemic inflammation, which is inherent in PD, in animal models is essential for maximizing the translation of their potential to the clinic, as well as for developing putative anti-inflammatory neuroprotective agents.

3DProtDTA: a deep learning model for drug-target affinity prediction based on residue-level protein graphs.

Accurate prediction of the drug-target affinity (DTA) is of critical importance for modern drug discovery. Computational methods of DTA prediction, applied in the early stages of drug development, are able to speed it up and cut its cost significantly. A wide range of approaches based on machine learning were recently proposed for DTA assessment.

Effect of Peptides from Plasma of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease on the Vascular Endothelial Cells.

: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the foremost cause of adult disability and mortality. There is an urgent need to focus on the research of new approaches for the prevention and treatment of CAD. : The effects of peptides isolated from the blood plasma of CAD patients on endothelial cell secretion using the in vitro model have been tested.

Multi-probiotic consumption sex-dependently interferes with MSG-induced obesity and concomitant phagocyte pro-inflammatory polarization in rats: Food for thought about personalized nutrition.

Epidemic scope which obesity has reached in many countries necessitates shifting the emphasis in medicine from traditional reaction to individualized and personalized prevention. Numerous trials convincingly prove sexual dimorphism of obesity in morbidity, pathophysiology, comorbidity, outcomes and prophylaxis efficacy. Obesity is characterized by chronic systemic low-grade inflammation that creates the preconditions for the emergence of numerous comorbidities.

Calcium-dependent modulation of BK channel activity induced by plasmonic gold nanoparticles in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and hippocampal neurons.

Aim: Gold nanoparticles are widely used for biomedical applications, but the precise molecular mechanism of their interaction with cellular structures is still unclear. Assuming that intracellular calcium fluctuations associated with surface plasmon-induced calcium entry could modulate the activity of potassium channels, we studied the effect of 5 nm gold nanoparticles on calcium-dependent potassium channels and associated calcium signaling in freshly isolated rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and cultured hippocampal neurons.

Methods: Outward potassium currents were recorded using patch-clamp techniques.

Effect of a specific strain on minimal/mild hepatic encephalopathy treatment.

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) can be considered a result of dysregulated gut-liver-brain axis function, where cognitive impairment can be reversed or prevented by the beneficial effects induced by "gut-centric" therapies, such as the administration of nonabsorbable disaccharides, nonabsorbable antibiotics, probiotics and prebiotics.

Aim: To assess the short-term efficacy and safety of the probiotic (EcN) 1917 strain compared to lactulose and rifaximin in patients with minimal/mild HE.

Methods: From January 2017 to March 2020, a total of 45 patients with HE were enrolled in this prospective, single-centre, open-label, randomized study.

Systematic extended posterior right sectionectomy with simultaneous resection of the dorsal part of segment 1 and middle hepatic vein detachment.

Parenchymal sparing surgery should be the strategy of choice for patients with bilobar liver metastases and lesions within the central liver sites.

FEATURES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPERIENCES IN SEVERE QUARANTINE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE ROLE OF TOLERANCE FOR UNCERTAINTY.

Objective: The aim: To examine the features of experiences during quarantine relating to the tolerance for uncertainty.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: 306 volunteers aged 18-65 years participated in this study. All participants were tested during strict quarantine in April 2020.

Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of anti-human HB-EGF neutralizing polyclonal antibodies in vitro.

Unlabelled: Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the epidermal growth factor family and has a variety of physiological and pathophysiological functions. Also, HB-EGF plays a pivotal role in progression of different tumors. So, HB-EGF seems to be a target molecule for the treatment of some cancer types.

Helminth Species and Infracommunities in Frogs Pelophylax ridibundus and P. esculentus (Amphibia: Ranidae) in Northern Ukraine.

Purpose: The study aims to characterise and compare the helminth assemblages and helminth infracommunities in the marsh frog, Pelophylax ridibundus and the edible frog, P. esculentus collected in the northern part of Ukraine.

Methods: Occurrence and abundance of the helminths were analysed by calculating the prevalence, intensity, and mean abundance of infection; similarities between the infracommunities were estimated by the Bray-Curtis index and visualised using nMDS plots.

Investigation of multicellular tumor spheroids enriched for a cancer stem cell phenotype.

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) provide self-renewal of the tumor after radiation and chemotherapy. These cells are important during tumor development. The in vitro model of avascular tumor that enriched of cells with stem like characteristics is critical to understanding of the role CSCs in the tumor.

Detrended Fluctuation, Coherence, and Spectral Power Analysis of Activation Rearrangement in EEG Dynamics During Cognitive Workload.

In the study of human cognitive activity using electroencephalogram (EEG), the brain dynamics parameters and characteristics play a crucial role. They allow to investigate the changes in functionality depending on the environment and task performance process, and also to access the intensity of the brain activity in various locations of the cortex and its dependencies. Usually, the dynamics of activation of different brain areas during the cognitive tasks are being studied by spectral analysis based on power spectral density (PSD) estimation, and coherence analysis, which are standard tools in quantitative characterization of brain activity.

Multifunctional TRPV1 Ion Channels in Physiology and Pathology with Focus on the Brain, Vasculature, and Some Visceral Systems.

TRPV1 has been originally cloned as the heat and capsaicin receptor implicated in acute pain signalling, while further research has shifted the focus to its importance in chronic pain caused by inflammation and associated with this TRPV1 sensitization. However, accumulating evidence suggests that, apart from pain signalling, TRPV1 subserves many other unrelated to nociception functions in the nervous system. In the brain, TRPV1 can modulate synaptic transmission via both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms and there is a functional crosstalk between GABA receptors and TRPV1.

Response of breast cancer cells to IFNα-2b in 2D and 3D cell cultures.

The effect of IFNα-2b on the migration, proliferation, and expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers of MCF-7 tumor adenocarcinoma cells in 2D and 3D cell cultures was examined. A significant cytostatic effect of IFNα-2b on the tumor population was detected. It was found that changes in the expression of epithelial (CKs and EpCAM) and mesenchymal markers were caused by changing the growth type of the tumor population.

Crosstalk between gut microbiota and antidiabetic drug action.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disorder characterized by chronic inflated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia), at first due to insulin resistance and unregulated insulin secretion but with tendency towards global spreading. The gut microbiota is recognized to have an influence on T2D, although surveys have not formed a clear overview to date. Because of the interactions between gut microbiota and host homeostasis, intestinal bacteria are believed to play a large role in various diseases, including metabolic syndrome, obesity and associated disease.