Cancer-related health behaviors during the COVID 19 pandemic in geographically diverse samples across the US.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic involved business closures (e.g., gyms), social distancing policies, and prolonged stressful situations that may have impacted engagement in health behaviors.

Effects of the MyBFF@school program on anthropometry and body composition among overweight and obese adolescent schoolchildren.

Background: Effective and feasible large-scale interventions are urgently needed to reverse the current rise in childhood obesity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a multicomponent intervention program, MyBFF@school, on anthropometric indices and body composition metrics among overweight and obese adolescent schoolchildren in Malaysia.

Methods: This is a cluster randomized controlled trial which involved schoolchildren aged 13, 14 and 16 years old from 15 out of 415 government secondary schools in central Peninsular Malaysia which were randomly assigned into six intervention (N = 579 schoolchildren) and nine control (N = 462 schoolchildren).

Fedratinib combined with ropeginterferon alfa-2b in patients with myelofibrosis (FEDORA): study protocol for a multicentre, open-label, Bayesian phase II trial.

Background: Myelofibrosis (MF) is a clonal haematopoietic disease, with median overall survival for patients with primary MF only 6.5 years. The most frequent gene mutation found in patients is JAK2, causing constitutive activation of the kinase and activation of downstream signalling.

The effect of the MyBFF@school program on cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese primary schoolchildren: a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: MyBFF@school program consisting physical activity in the formed small-sided games (SSG), nutrition and psychology education was designed to combat obesity among schoolchildren in Malaysia. It was expected to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, hence, contributing to obesity treatment and prevention. Thus, we aimed to study the effects of the MyBFF@school program on the cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight and obese primary schoolchildren.

Personal and behavioural factors that influence physical activity in women living with metastatic breast cancer: a qualitative interview study.

Background: Women living with metastatic breast cancer can benefit from physical activity. Presently, there is an absence of research outside of quantitative investigations on the benefits of structured programs. To enable effective physical activity advice and services, it is important to understand factors that may facilitate or prevent engagement.

Prediction of post-contrast acute kidney injury by bedside ultrasonography.

Background: The incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in the general population ranges from 0.6 to 2.3%, whereas for specific high-risk patients, the incidence can reach more than 30-40%.

ANXA10 sensitizes microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy via assembly of HLA-DR dimers by regulating CD74.

Background: Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are the dominant population in immune checkpoint blockade treatments, while more than half of them could not benefit from single-agent immunotherapy. We tried to identify the biomarker of MSI-H CRC and explore its role and mechanism in anti-PD-1 treatments. Tumor-specific MHC-II was linked to a better response to anti-PD-1 in MSI-H CRC and CD74 promoted assembly and transport of HLA-DR dimers.

Differences in anxiety, depression and pain experience among adults with chronic low back pain as a function of nicotine product use.

The landscape of nicotine use in the United States (US) has continued to evolve, with electronic cigarette use (hereafter e-cigarette) becoming more evident in recent years. Patterns of dual nicotine use, or using combustible nicotine in conjunction with e-cigarettes, may increase dependence on nicotine, continued exposure to toxins, and corresponding health risks. One of the most prevalent health problems related to nicotine use is the experience of chronic pain.

Socioeconomic status moderates the effect of physical education on overweight and obesity in children: a quasi-experimental trial.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to estimate the effects of an intensive school-based physical education intervention on the risk of developing overweight or obesity in primary school students when accounting for the moderating role of socioeconomic status. This quasi-experimental trial included data from primary school students participating in an intensive physical education program comprising 4.5 h of weekly physical activity compared to 1.

The modification effect of concentration on the correlation between ambient ozone and psoriasis: a hospital-based time-series study.

The effects of short-term ambient ozone (O) exposure on health outcomes have received growing concerns, but its effects on psoriasis is still unclear. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of short-term exposure to O on psoriasis, and to find out potential modifiers. A hospital-based time-series study with outpatient visit data of psoriasis was performed in Chongqing, the largest metropolitan in Southeast China.

Advancing treatment strategies against MRSA: unveiling the potency of tubuloside A in targeting sortase A and mitigating pathogenicity.

In addressing the formidable challenge posed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), this investigation elucidates a novel therapeutic paradigm by specifically targeting the virulence factor sortase A (SrtA) utilizing Tubuloside A (TnA). SrtA plays a critical role in the pathogenicity of MRSA, primarily by anchoring surface proteins to the bacterial cell wall, which is crucial for the bacterium's ability to colonize and infect host tissues. By inhibiting SrtA, TnA offers a novel and distinct strategy compared to traditional antibiotics.

Severe obesity, high inflammation, insulin resistance with risks of all-cause mortality and all-site cancers, and potential modification by healthy lifestyles.

Severe obesity is often associated with inflammation and insulin resistance (IR), which expected to increase the risks of mortality and cancers. However, this relationship remains controversial, and it's unclear whether healthy lifestyles can mitigate these risks. The independent and joint associations of severe obesity (body mass index ≥ 35 m/kg), inflammation (C-reactive protein > 10 mg/L and systemic inflammation markers > 9th decile), and IR surrogates with the risks of all-cause mortality and all-site cancers, were evaluated in 163,008 participants from the UK Biobank cohort.

Immunogenomic determinants of exceptional response to immune checkpoint inhibition in renal cell carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors can lead to 'exceptional', durable responses in a subset of persons. However, the molecular basis of exceptional response (ER) to immunotherapy in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) has not been well characterized. Here we analyzed pretherapy genomic and transcriptomic data in treatment-naive persons with mccRCC treated with standard-of-care immunotherapies: (1) combination of programmed cell death protein and ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 inhibitors (IO/IO) or (2) combination of PD1/PDL1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor inhibitors (IO/VEGF).

Prospective validation of ORACLE, a clonal expression biomarker associated with survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Human tumors are diverse in their natural history and response to treatment, which in part results from genetic and transcriptomic heterogeneity. In clinical practice, single-site needle biopsies are used to sample this diversity, but cancer biomarkers may be confounded by spatiogenomic heterogeneity within individual tumors. Here we investigate clonally expressed genes as a solution to the sampling bias problem by analyzing multiregion whole-exome and RNA sequencing data for 450 tumor regions from 184 patients with lung adenocarcinoma in the TRACERx study.

Lactylation modulation identifies key biomarkers and therapeutic targets in KMT2A-rearranged AML.

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with KMT2A rearrangements (KMT2Ar), found on chromosome 11q23, is often called KMT2A-rearranged AML (KMT2Ar-AML). This variant is highly aggressive, characterized by rapid disease progression and poor outcomes. Growing knowledge of epigenetic changes, especially lactylation, has opened new avenues for investigation and management of this subtype.

Development of a novel multi-epitope subunit mRNA vaccine candidate to combat Acinetobacter baumannii.

Acinetobacter baumannii, an opportunistic bacterium prevalent in various environment, is a significant cause of nosocomial infections in ICUs. As the causative agent of pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis, A. baumannii typically exhibits multidrug resistance and is associated with poor prognosis, thus led to a challenge for researchers in developing new treatment and prevention methods.

Deacetylated SNAP47 recruits HOPS to facilitate autophagosome-lysosome fusion independent of STX17.

Autophagy, a conserved catabolic process implicated in a diverse array of human diseases, requires efficient fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes to function effectively. Recently, SNAP47 has been identified as a key component of the dual-purpose SNARE complex mediating autophagosome-lysosome fusion in both bulk and selective autophagy. However, the spatiotemporal regulatory mechanisms of this SNARE complex remain unknown.

Neoadjuvant or concurrent atezolizumab with chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer: a randomized phase I trial.

Combined immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chemoradiation (CRT) is approved in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) but optimal sequencing of CRT and ICB is unknown. NRG-GY017 (NCT03738228) was a randomized phase I trial of atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) neoadjuvant and concurrent with CRT (Arm A) vs. concurrent with CRT (Arm B) in patients with high-risk node-positive LACC.

The impact of Omega-3 supplementation on arrhythmia reduction in acute coronary syndrome patients: a randomized clinical trial.

Background And Objectives: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs), including Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), represent a major global health challenge. Arrhythmias such as Ventricular Tachycardia (VT), Ventricular Fibrillation (VF), Atrial Fibrillation (AF), Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs), and Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs) frequently complicate ACS, needing effective management strategies. Omega-3 fatty acids have shown potency in preventing sudden cardiac death by modulating arrhythmias, but their acute effects in ACS patients remain controversial.

Dynamic Hydrogel-Based Strategy for Traumatic Brain Injury Modeling and Therapy.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most traumatizing and poses serious health risks to people's bodies due to its unique pathophysiological characteristics. The investigations on the pathological mechanism and valid interventions of TBI have attracted widespread attention worldwide. With bio-mimic mechanic cues, the dynamic hydrogels with dynamic stiffness changes or reversible crosslinking have been suggested to construct the in vitro disease models or novel therapeutic agents for TBI.

New technologies for future of surgery in Ireland: An RCSI working Group report 2024.

Introduction: Surgery is a cognitive discipline whose practitioners characteristically use technology during operations for patients. With accelerating technological innovation throughout society and healthcare, we sought to develop a shared position for Irish surgery via a commissioned work programme by the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.

Methods: Using Stanford design principles, representative clinical specialty and academic leads and higher trainee representatives across 15 specialties were surveyed regarding sentiments, perspectives and concerns regarding now and near future technology in clinical practice, career considerations and training/education.

Change in fatigue in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease initiating biologic therapy.

Background: Fatigue is common among patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and is associated with decreased quality of life (QoL).

Aims: Describe fatigue evolution and identify factors associated with fatigue outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) initiating biologic treatment.

Methods: Data from adult Belgian patients with UC or CD enrolled in a prospective real-world study were utilized.

Muscle Rehabilitation Techniques and Prevention of Injury.

Rehabilitation following muscle injury is critical in restoring the equine athlete to full function. Rehabilitation protocols should be tailored to each patient's global functional assessment, taking into account sports-specific demands, goals for return-to-performance, and overall prognosis. Rehabilitation protocols are often designed to modulate pain, enhance repair, improve proprioception, increase flexibility, restore muscle strength, joint range-of-motion, and neuromotor control.