Coping strategies as mediating mechanisms between adolescent polysubstance use classes and adult alcohol and substance use disorders.

Adolescent polysubstance use is a robust predictor of substance use in adulthood and can be exacerbated by poor coping with stress over time. We examined whether latent classes of adolescents' polysubstance use predicted alcohol use disorder and substance use disorder diagnoses in adulthood via multiple stress coping strategies. Self-reported frequency of past 3-month alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use in 792 adolescents (aged 16/17) were used to form latent classes of polysubstance use.

Sex differences in the mediating role of chronic inflammation on the association between social isolation and cognitive functioning among older adults in the United States.

Background: Previous research has reported the association between social isolation and cognitive impairment. However, biological mechanisms underlying this association are understudied. It is also unclear whether there are sex differences in these biological mechanisms.

How did trends in sleep duration in 2020 compare to previous years and how did they vary by sex, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment?

Recent evidence utilizing online samples indicates that sleep patterns were significantly altered during the initial months of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic/lockdown. However, it remains less clear how sleep duration changed in population-based samples, in the later months of 2020, and across subpopulations. Here we used a population-based sample to document sleep duration trends for the entire year of 2020, compared these trends to the previous years of 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2018, and systematically analyzed whether self-reported sleep duration patterns in 2020 varied by sex, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment.

Reasons for missed opportunities to screen and test for TB in healthcare facilities.

Missed opportunities for TB screening and/or passive testing in clinics continues to contribute to the number of missed cases. To understand reasons for these missed opportunities, we conducted focus group discussions with clinic-based nurses. Nurses described low indices of suspicion, prioritization of seemingly more urgent ailments and clinic operational challenges as barriers to TB screening and testing.

Use of Predictive Analytics to Identify Unhealthy Opioid Use and Guide Intervention.

Objective: The authors aimed to use the newly developed Opioid Risk Stratification Tool to identify individuals who may be at risk for unhealthy opioid use and to examine the impact of applying a mailing and engagement intervention to this population and their prescribers, with the goal of reducing high-risk prescribing behaviors, opioid medication use, and mortality rates.

Methods: A nonrandomized controlled study was conducted with members from two Medicaid managed care organizations. In both the intervention (N=131) and control (N=187) groups, an algorithm identified members at moderate to high risk for hazardous opioid use.

The relationship between exposure to Hurricane Harvey and mortality among nursing home residents.

Background: Nursing home (NH) residents are vulnerable to mortality after natural disasters. We examined NH residents' excess all-cause mortality associated with Hurricane Harvey, a unique disaster with long-lasting flooding effects. We also explored how mortality differed between short-stay and long-stay residents and by chronic conditions.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on help-seeking behaviours of Indigenous and Black women experiencing intimate partner violence in the United States.

Aims: This article discusses possible barriers to help-seeking that Indigenous and Black women encountered when seeking help related to experiences of intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design: This article is focused on understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations at highest risk for intimate partner violence in its most severe forms.

Data Sources: Literature sources range from 2010 to 2022.

Implementation considerations of deprescribing interventions: A scoping review.

Over half of older adults experience polypharmacy, including medications that may be inappropriate or unnecessary. Deprescribing, which is the process of discontinuing or reducing inappropriate and/or unnecessary medications, is an effective way to reduce polypharmacy. This review summarizes (1) the process of deprescribing and conceptual models and tools that have been developed to facilitate deprescribing, (2) barriers, enablers, and factors associated with deprescribing, and (3) characteristics of deprescribing interventions in completed trials, as well as (4) implementation considerations for deprescribing in routine practice.

The Effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse, Mental Health, and Motives for Sex on Sexual Risk-Taking Among United States Men Who Have Sex with Women.

This study assessed the role of mental health symptoms and motives for sex in the association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and sexual risk-taking among men who have sex with women (MSW). The sample consisted of young adult (ages 21 to 30), non-monogamous MSW ( = 532) who reported having condomless sex at least once in the past year. Due to alcohol-related aims from two larger studies from which the data were analyzed, participation was excluded to men who regularly consumed alcohol (3 to 35 weekly drinks) and reported no symptoms of alcohol use disorder.

Essential integrated behavioral health care skills for primary care providers: A Delphi study.

Introduction: Workforce development is a vital process for advancing the field of integrated behavioral health in primary care (IBHPC) and depends on the development of job-specific skills that meet the needs of patients and other team members. Job-specific skills guide both university- and worksite-based training programs in preparing future cohorts of health care professionals in IBHPC; however, there are no extant training criteria for nontrainee primary care providers.

Method: A multiround survey using a modified Delphi technique was conducted.

Determining Profiles of Pain-Specific and General Emotion Regulation Skills and Their Relation to 12-Month Outcomes Among People With Chronic Pain.

Difficulties with pain-specific emotion regulation (ER; eg, pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance) are associated with poor pain outcomes. Less is known about how general ER relates to pain outcomes, or the extent to which pain-specific and general ER interact. In a sample (N = 1,453) of adults with chronic pain, the current study used latent profile analysis to identify subgroups of people with distinct pain-specific and general ER profiles, and determined how subgroup membership at baseline related to pain severity, pain interference, depression and anxiety symptoms at 12-month follow-up.

Addressing the Clinical Feasibility of Adopting Circulating miRNA for Breast Cancer Detection, Monitoring and Management with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Platforms.

Detecting breast cancer (BC) at the initial stages of progression has always been regarded as a lifesaving intervention. With modern technology, extensive studies have unraveled the complexity of BC, but the current standard practice of early breast cancer screening and clinical management of cancer progression is still heavily dependent on tissue biopsies, which are invasive and limited in capturing definitive cancer signatures for more comprehensive applications to improve outcomes in BC care and treatments. In recent years, reviews and studies have shown that liquid biopsies in the form of blood, containing free circulating and exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs), have become increasingly evident as a potential minimally invasive alternative to tissue biopsy or as a complement to biomarkers in assessing and classifying BC.

Preschoolers' parent and teacher/director perceptions of returning to early childcare education during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Early Care and Education (ECE) sites are critical hubs for social, emotional, and physical learning development of preschool children (ages 3-5). The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted ECE enrollment and participation; until June 2022, preschool children in the US were ineligible for COVID-19 vaccines. It is critical to identify perceptions of teachers/directors and parents to enhance safe return-to-school efforts.

Circadian acclimatization of performance, sleep, and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin using multiple phase shifting stimuli.

Misalignment between the environment and one's circadian system is a common phenomenon (e.g., jet lag) which can have myriad negative effects on physical and mental health, mental and physiological performance, and sleep.

Psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on women with trauma histories: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).

Older adults, particularly those with trauma histories, may be vulnerable to adverse psychosocial outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. We tested associations between prepandemic childhood abuse or intimate partner violence (IPV) and elevated depressive, anxiety, conflict, and sleep symptoms during the pandemic among aging women. Women (N = 582, age: 65-77 years) from three U.

Meditation Mobile App Developed for Patients With and Survivors of Cancer: Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: To address the unmet need for a commercial cancer-specific meditation app, we leveraged a long-standing partnership with a consumer-based app (ie, Calm) to develop the first commercial meditation app prototype adapted specifically for the needs of patients with cancer. Input was obtained at both the individual user and clinic levels (ie, patients with and survivors of cancer and health care providers).

Objective: This study aimed to determine the feasibility of a cancer-specific meditation app prototype.

Mapping access to care and identification of barriers for traumatic brain injury in a South African township.

Rationale: South Africa has a high traumatic injury burden resulting in a significant number of persons suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is a time-sensitive condition requiring a responsive and organized health system to minimize morbidity and mortality. This study outlined the barriers to accessing TBI care in a South African township.

Maternal childhood adversity and prenatal depression: the protective role of father support.

Depression during pregnancy is common, and previous research suggests childhood adversity may increase the risk for prenatal depression. Support during pregnancy can buffer these risks, and paternal support is associated with improved maternal well-being during pregnancy. There is evidence to suggest that increased support from fathers may be particularly helpful in combatting depressive symptoms for mothers with adverse childhood experiences.

The effects of discrimination and psychological distress on U.S. Latino/a young adults' relational uncertainty and relationship instability.

Objectives: Racial/ethnic discrimination is a common and salient stressor for many individuals. Although discrimination can impair personal and relational well-being, little is known about its influences on the process of considering dissolution (i.e.

Effects of Mindful Awareness Practice (MAP) on Subclinical Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms and General Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A 5-Year Follow-Up of the MAP-Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the effects of mindfulness intervention on affective and cognitive symptoms in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Furthermore, no RCTs on mindfulness followed participants beyond two years.

Objective: To examine the longitudinal effects of a mindful awareness practice (MAP) intervention on depressive, anxiety, and cognitive symptoms in MCI.

Complex effects of racism and discrimination on African Americans' health and well-being: Navigating the status quo.

Most research on the effects of racism and discrimination on the health and well-being of African Americans utilize a deficit perspective, one that homogeneously paints African Americans as disadvantaged victims. Such approaches do little to highlight the variability in the effects of racism and discrimination on relevant outcomes, and the resources that African Americans have drawn upon to navigate an environment characterized by varying levels of racialized hostility. The goal of this special issue is to inspire more refined conceptualizations of how African Americans navigate an often-hostile status quo in service of their health and well-being.

The Impact of a Theory-Based mHealth Intervention on Disease Knowledge, Self-efficacy, and Exercise Adherence Among Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Patient education is recommended as an integral part of disease management in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a chronic rheumatic disease that predominantly affects young males and requires long-term disease management. Convenient and cost-effective approaches to deliver patient education are required to these patients.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of a theory-based educational intervention delivered through a social networking app, WeChat, on disease knowledge, self-efficacy, exercise adherence, and health outcomes in Chinese AS patients.