Deciphering the climate-malaria nexus: A machine learning approach in rural southeastern Tanzania.

Objectives: Malaria remains a critical public health challenge, especially in regions like southeastern Tanzania. Understanding the intricate relationship between environmental factors and malaria incidence is essential for effective control and elimination strategies.

Study Design: Cohort study.

Development of a qPCR assay for the quantification of canine autosomal DNA recovered from livestock attacks.

The absence of a standardised method to quantify canine DNA recovered from livestock attacks leaves forensic providers without an important quality control step to help support their decision making. Typically used to normalise the amount of DNA for STR amplification, modern forensic DNA quantification approaches use qPCR of target genes and can also include an Internal Positive Controls (IPC) to determine the presence of PCR inhibitors. The co-amplification of livestock DNA alongside canine DNA has meant that previously developed qPCR methods are not suitable for use so a standardised approach is needed.

Final analysis of the ALTTO trial: adjuvant trastuzumab in sequence or in combination with lapatinib in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer [BIG 2-06/NCCTG N063D (Alliance)].

Background: Dual anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) blockade has improved the outcomes of patients with early and metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. Here we present the final 10-year analysis of the ALTTO trial.

Patients And Methods: The ALTTO trial (NCT00490139) is a prospective randomized, phase III, open-label, multicenter study that investigated the role of adjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab alone, in combination or sequentially with lapatinib.

Revisiting surgical margins for invasive breast cancer patients treated with breast conservation therapy - Evidence for adopting a 1 mm negative width.

Clinical trials have demonstrated conclusively the non-inferiority of breast-conserving surgery followed by breast radiation therapy (BCT) compared with mastectomy for the treatment of early-stage invasive breast cancer (BC). The definition of the required surgical margin to ensure adequate removal of the cancer by BCT to obtain an acceptable low local recurrence (LR) rate remains controversial. Meta-analyses published by Houssami et al.

How can event attribution science underpin financial decisions on Loss and Damage?

With climate extremes hitting nations across the globe, disproportionately burdening vulnerable developing countries, the prompt operation of the Loss and Damage fund is of paramount importance. As decisions on resource disbursement at the international level, and investment strategies at the national level, loom, the climate science community's role in providing fair and effective evidence is crucial. Attribution science can provide useful information for decision makers, but both ethical implications and deep uncertainty cannot be ignored.

Modelling hepatitis C infection acquired from blood transfusions in the UK between 1970 and 1991 for the Infected Blood Inquiry.

The Statistics Expert Group was convened at the request of the Infected Blood Inquiry to provide estimates of the number of infections and deaths from blood-borne infections including hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and variant Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, as a direct result of contaminated blood and blood products administered in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK). In the absence of databases of HCV infections and related deaths for all nations of the UK, a statistical model was required to estimate the number of infections and subsequent deaths from HCV acquired from blood transfusions from January 1970 to August 1991. We present this statistical model in detail alongside the results of its application to each of the four nations in the UK.

Description and Cross-Sectional Analyses of 25,880 Adults and Children in the UK National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases Cohort.

Introduction: The National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases (RaDaR) collects data from people living with rare kidney diseases across the UK, and is the world's largest, rare kidney disease registry. We present the clinical demographics and renal function of 25,880 prevalent patients and sought evidence of bias in recruitment to RaDaR.

Methods: RaDaR is linked with the UK Renal Registry (UKRR, with which all UK patients receiving kidney replacement therapy [KRT] are registered).

How kindness took a hold: A sociology of emotions, attachment and everyday enchantment.

How are we to understand the contemporary preoccupation-at least in many English-speaking societies-with 'random acts of kindness' and the idea of kindness more generally? Should this be seen as a challenge to the logic of capitalism or reinforcing of it, an example of commodification of emotion within our everyday lives? By introducing and mapping the contours of an emergent 'kindness industry', placing emotion (and enchantment) at the heart of how attachment to the idea of kindness is theorised, and marshalling existing empirical research on contemporary framings of everyday kindness, I argue that there is a need for a critical sociological engagement with the 'pro-social' that does justice to its profound ambivalence. In the case of contemporary kindness this involves understanding both the regulatory nature of the enchantment sold by a kindness industry and the problem-solving potential of the enchantment of kindness in the everyday, where it both helps address contemporary feelings of hopelessness and shame and facilitates the possibility of making life materially liveable.

'It's where I belong': what does it mean to age in place from the perspective of people aged 80 and above? A longitudinal qualitative study (wave one).

Background: Most people want to remain at home as they age. Ageing in place - remaining at home and connected to the community - is a national and international policy priority; however, to better understand how policy might be implemented, a more nuanced understanding is required about older adults' lived experiences of ageing in place, especially the experiences of those aged 80 and above.

Objective: To describe and explore the social processes which enable ageing in place from the perspective of community-dwelling older people (80+).

EBCC-14 manifesto: Addressing disparities in access to innovation for patients with metastatic breast cancer across Europe.

The European Breast Cancer Council (EBCC) traditionally identifies controversies or major deficiencies in the management of patients with breast cancer and selects a multidisciplinary expert team to collaborate in setting crucial principles and recommendations to improve breast cancer care. The 2024 EBCC manifesto focuses on disparities in the care of patients with metastatic breast cancer. There are several reasons for existing disparities both between and within countries.

Spinal cord neurone loss and foot placement changes in a rat knock-in model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Type 8.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is an age-dependent cell type-selective degenerative disease. Genetic studies indicate that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is part of a spectrum of disorders, ranging from spinal muscular atrophy to frontotemporal dementia that share common pathological mechanisms. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Type 8 is a familial disease caused by mis-sense mutations in .

Iterative methods for Navier-Stokes inverse problems.

Even when the partial differential equation underlying a physical process can be evolved forward in time, the retrospective (backward in time) inverse problem often has its own challenges and applications. Direct adjoint looping (DAL) is the defacto approach for solving retrospective inverse problems, but it has not been applied to deterministic retrospective Navier-Stokes inverse problems in 2D or 3D. In this paper, we demonstrate that DAL is ill-suited for solving retrospective 2D Navier-Stokes inverse problems.

Commentary on: physical activity and exercise for mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a collaborative international guideline.

Physical inactivity is an important, but potentially reversible risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). There is literature about physical activity and exercise for the prevention and management of dementia and MCI, but this had not been previously synthesized into specific guidelines about this topic. A recent guideline on physical activity and exercise in MCI and dementia was published, authored by several international societies, including lay representatives.

Evaluation of capillary miR-122 as a prognostic biomarker of paracetamol-induced liver toxicity.

Introduction: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose is a leading cause of acute liver failure in many Western countries. Diagnostic tools for this poisoning may be suboptimal in some cases and new biomarkers have been investigated. We investigated the role of capillary microRNA-122 (miR-122) as a prognostic biomarker of liver injury in the clinical management of patients with paracetamol overdose.

Early prehabilitation reduces admissions and time in hospital in patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer.

Objectives: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the UK. Prehabilitation aims to maximise patient fitness and minimise the negative impact of anticancer treatment. What constitutes prehabilitation before non-surgical anticancer treatment is not well established.

Propolis-enhanced Calcium Hydroxide Combination for Direct Pulp Capping: Impact on Oxidative Stress Markers in Wistar Rat Teeth.

Introduction: This study explored the effects of propolis extract calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)) combination on malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase expression in dental pulp, aiming to assess its potential as a direct pulp capping material.

Materials And Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups. Mandibular molar teeth were prepared using a low-speed round bur.

Effects of rare kidney diseases on kidney failure: a longitudinal analysis of the UK National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases (RaDaR) cohort.

Background: Individuals with rare kidney diseases account for 5-10% of people with chronic kidney disease, but constitute more than 25% of patients receiving kidney replacement therapy. The National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases (RaDaR) gathers longitudinal data from patients with these conditions, which we used to study disease progression and outcomes of death and kidney failure.

Methods: People aged 0-96 years living with 28 types of rare kidney diseases were recruited from 108 UK renal care facilities.

Lower Rates of Hypocalcemia Following Near-Infrared Autofluorescence Use in Thyroidectomy: A Meta-Analysis of RCTs.

Background: Iatrogenic injury of the parathyroid glands is the most frequent complication after total thyroidectomy.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) in reducing postoperative hypocalcemia following total thyroidectomy.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched.

ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5-KIP-RELATED PROTEIN 1-SHOOT MERISTEMLESS modulates reproductive development of Arabidopsis.

Soil (or plant) water deficit accelerates plant reproduction. However, the underpinning molecular mechanisms remain unknown. By modulating cell division/number, ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5), a key bZIP (basic (region) leucine zippers) transcription factor, regulates both seed development and abiotic stress responses.

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas: conceptual controversy and clinical impact.

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTC) are rare diseases; nevertheless, they account for the majority of deaths from non-anaplastic follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinomas. Establishing the diagnosis and treatment of PDTC is challenging given the low incidence and the lack of standardization of diagnostic criteria. These limitations hamper the ability to compare therapeutic modalities and outcomes between recent and older studies.