Flicker defined form and RareBit measurements lack in specificity of visual pathways.

Aim: To evaluate the different visual pathways represented by the Heidelberg Engineering Perimeter flicker defined form and RareBit (magnocellular and parvocellular respectively) in different age-groups and according to the fatigue.

Methods: Totally 64 eyes of 32 healthy subjects were included in the prospective study. Each participant underwent screening-ophthalmic examination including best-corrected visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment assessment, and visual field examination with Heidelberg Edge Perimetry (HEP)-standard automated perimeter (SAP) 24-2.

The Effects of Alcohol Hangover on Mood and Performance Assessed at Home.

The current study evaluated the next day consequences of a social night of drinking compared to a no alcohol night, with standardised mood and portable screen-based performance measures assessed in the morning at participants' homes, and a breathalyser screen for zero alcohol. A mixed sex group ( = 20) took part in the study. Participants reported consuming on average 16.

A Pilot Randomised Control Trial of Digitally-Mediated Social Stories for Children on the Autism Spectrum.

Social stories is a widely used intervention for children on the autism spectrum, particularly within an educational context. To date, systematic reviews and meta analyses of the research evaluating social stories has produced mixed results, often due to a lack of methodological rigour and variability in the development and delivery of the social stories. To address the gap in methodological rigour, a pilot Randomised Control Trial (RCT) was conducted, incorporating a social stories intervention group (n = 9 children on the autism spectrum) and an attentional control group who received a poem (n = 6 children on the autism spectrum) using a digital platform to address variability.

CRISPR disruption and UK Biobank analysis of a highly conserved polymorphic enhancer suggests a role in male anxiety and ethanol intake.

Excessive alcohol intake is associated with 5.9% of global deaths. However, this figure is especially acute in men such that 7.

Clarifying how to deploy the public interest criterion in consent waivers for health data and tissue research.

Background: Several jurisdictions, including Singapore, Australia, New Zealand and most recently Ireland, have a public interest or public good criterion for granting waivers of consent in biomedical research using secondary health data or tissue. However, the concept of the public interest is not well defined in this context, which creates difficulties for institutions, institutional review boards (IRBs) and regulators trying to implement the criterion.

Main Text: This paper clarifies how the public interest criterion can be defensibly deployed.

A Longitudinal Examination of the Role of Self-Control in the Relation between Corporal Punishment Exposure and Adolescent Aggression.

Prior research has demonstrated the importance of low self-control and corporal punishment exposure as risk factors for the development of aggressive behaviors. However, much less is known about the interplay between these two factors, that is, the extent to which they each contribute uniquely to aggression and/or interact synergistically to create a profile of particularly severe risk. Similarly, high self-control may be a moderating protective factor that helps explain why only a subset of individuals exposed to corporal punishment develop high levels of aggression.

Identification of Subtypes of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Based on DNA Methylation Profiles and Integration of Transcriptome and Genome Data.

Background & Aims: Esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs) are heterogeneous and often preceded by Barrett's esophagus (BE). Many genomic changes have been associated with development of BE and EAC, but little is known about epigenetic alterations. We performed epigenetic analyses of BE and EAC tissues and combined these data with transcriptome and genomic data to identify mechanisms that control gene expression and genome integrity.

Stray Flux Sensor Core Impact on the Condition Monitoring of Electrical Machines.

The analysis of the stray flux for electrical machine condition monitoring is a very modern and active research topic. Thanks to this technique, it is possible to detect several types of failures, including stator and rotor inter-turn faults, broken rotor bars and mechanical faults, among others. The main advantages are that it involves a non-invasive technique and low-cost monitoring equipment.

Ethical considerations when conservation research involves people.

Social science is becoming increasingly important in conservation, with more studies involving methodologies that collect data from and about people. Conservation science is a normative and applied discipline designed to support and inform management and practice. Poor research practice risks harming participants and, researchers, and can leave negative legacies.

Automatic Hierarchical Classification of Kelps Using Deep Residual Features.

Across the globe, remote image data is rapidly being collected for the assessment of benthic communities from shallow to extremely deep waters on continental slopes to the abyssal seas. Exploiting this data is presently limited by the time it takes for experts to identify organisms found in these images. With this limitation in mind, a large effort has been made globally to introduce automation and machine learning algorithms to accelerate both classification and assessment of marine benthic biota.

Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies host dependency factors for influenza A virus infection.

Host dependency factors that are required for influenza A virus infection may serve as therapeutic targets as the virus is less likely to bypass them under drug-mediated selection pressure. Previous attempts to identify host factors have produced largely divergent results, with few overlapping hits across different studies. Here, we perform a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen and devise a new approach, meta-analysis by information content (MAIC) to systematically combine our results with prior evidence for influenza host factors.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Reduces Hospital Costs and Improve Clinical Outcomes in Liver Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are evidence-based, multimodal and patient-centred approach to optimize patient care and experience during their perioperative pathway. It has been shown to be effective in reducing length of hospital stay and improving clinical outcomes. However, evidence on its effective in liver surgery remains weak.

Trot Accelerations of Equine Front and Hind Hooves Shod with Polyurethane Composite Shoes and Steel Shoes on Asphalt.

The present study investigated accelerations of the front and hind hooves of horses comparing two different shoe types. A standard steel shoe, with studs, pins, and in some instances with toe grabs, was compared to a steel shoe covered on the bottom with a layer of polyurethane. Four horses were used; they trotted in hand on an asphalt track at their self-selected speed.

Imaging and Tissue Biomarkers of Choline Metabolism in Diffuse Adult Glioma: 18F-Fluoromethylcholine PET/CT, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, and Choline Kinase α.

The cellular and molecular basis of choline uptake on PET imaging and MRS-visible choline-containing compounds is not well understood. Choline kinase alpha (ChoKα) is an enzyme that phosphorylates choline, an essential step in membrane synthesis. We investigate choline metabolism through 18F-fluoromethylcholine (18F-FMC) PET, MRS, and tissue ChoKα in human glioma.

VOCCluster: Untargeted Metabolomics Feature Clustering Approach for Clinical Breath Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Data.

Metabolic profiling of breath analysis involves processing, alignment, scaling, and clustering of thousands of features extracted from gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) data from hundreds of participants. The multistep data processing is complicated, operator error-prone, and time-consuming. Automated algorithmic clustering methods that are able to cluster features in a fast and reliable way are necessary.

A formative assessment of gender awareness and ability of staff based on the service programs of the All-China Women's Federation: The case of the "3861 My Home" program.

In order to achieve "gender mainstreaming" which is a global strategy to promote the development of women, it has in recent years been a major task for the All-China Women's Federation (ACWF) to improve the gender awareness and ability of policy makers and implementers. Thus, researchers should constantly propose and evaluate various possible attempts to improve gender awareness and the ability of individuals. There are few empirical studies on the assessment of gender awareness and the improvement of the ability of staff who have been trained and educated.

Social Media, Thin-Ideal, Body Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating Attitudes: An Exploratory Analysis.

Disordered eating attitudes are rapidly increasing, especially among young women in their twenties. These disordered behaviours result from the interaction of several factors, including beauty ideals. A significant factor is social media, by which the unrealistic beauty ideals are popularized and may lead to these behaviours.

Recruiting the "Heavy-Using Loyalists of Tomorrow": An Analysis of the Aims, Effects and Mechanisms of Alcohol Advertising, Based on Advertising Industry Evaluations.

Restricting alcohol advertising and marketing is a cost-effective intervention for reducing alcohol harms. However, the alcohol industry maintains that advertising does not affect consumption, claiming that its purpose is to help consumers choose brands, it is not aimed at young people, it only promotes "responsible consumption", and any relationships with consumption are not causal. We reviewed 39 case studies (1981-2016) published by the advertising industry, which evaluate the effects of alcohol advertising campaigns.

A Bibliometric Analysis of the Health Field Regarding Social Networks and Young People.

Social networks have historically been used to share information and support regarding health-related topics, and this usage has increased with the rise of online social media. Young people are high users of social media, both as passive listeners and as active contributors. This study aimed to map the trends in publications focused on social networks, health, and young people over the last 40 years.

Understanding the Hierarchical Relationships in Female Sex Workers' Social Networks Based on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice.

Female sex workers (FSWs) represent a high-risk population for HIV infection and transmission. In general, their fellow FSWs (peers) also play a role in their level of susceptibility to HIV/AIDS. This paper draws from interview data of 93 FSWs to construct a multi-layer FSW social network model based on their knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP).

Dormancy, Diapause, and the Role of the Circadian System in Insect Photoperiodism.

Whole-animal experiments devised to investigate possible association between photoperiodic time measurement and the circadian system (Bünning's hypothesis) are compared with more recent molecular investigations of circadian clock genes. In and some other species, experimental cycles of light and darkness revealed a photoperiodic oscillator, set to constant phase at dusk and measuring night length repeatedly during extended periods of darkness. In some species, however, extreme dampening revealed an unrepetitive (i.

Metabolomic analysis of Shiga toxin 2a-induced injury in conditionally immortalized glomerular endothelial cells.

Introduction: Shiga toxin 2a (Stx2a) induces hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC HUS) by targeting glomerular endothelial cells (GEC).

Objectives: We investigated in a metabolomic analysis the response of a conditionally immortalized, stable glomerular endothelial cell line (ciGEnC) to Stx2a stimulation as a cell culture model for STEC HUS.

Methods: CiGEnC were treated with tumor necrosis factor-(TNF)α, Stx2a or sequentially with TNFα and Stx2a.

Co-production and Managing Uncertainty in Health Research Regulation: A Delphi Study.

European and international regulation of human health research is typified by a morass of interconnecting laws, diverse and divergent ethical frameworks, and national and transnational standards. There is also a tendency for legislators to regulate in silos-that is, in discrete fields of scientific activity without due regard to the need to make new knowledge as generalisable as possible. There are myriad challenges for the stakeholders-researchers and regulators alike-who attempt to navigate these landscapes.