Evaluation of Medial Olivocochlear Neural Efferent Pathway in Tinnitus Perception in Normal-hearing Individuals.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate a possible role of the Medial Olivocochlear (MOC) efferent neural pathway and neural connections responsible for tinnitus generation in silence/sensory deprivation.

Design: By placing normal hearing participants in a sound booth for 10 minutes, silence/sensory deprivation was created. This offered assessment of MOC neural pathway in normal hearing participants in silence.

It gets better: childhood sexual abuse and trauma symptoms in female older adults.

While there has been great deal of research conducted on the effects of child sexual abuse (CSA) on trauma symptoms in children and adults, there is less knowledge on the effects on trauma symptoms in female older adult CSA survivors. The aim of this study was to investigate current symptoms of trauma in adult female survivors of child sexual abuse across each successive decade, beginning with eighteen year olds. This retrospective, anonymous online study gathered a sample of 223 adult female survivors of CSA (38 of whom were aged 50-59 (17%), and 20 of whom were 60+ years of age (9%)), and surveyed their trauma history and their current symptomology.

Lessons Learned: Creation and Testing of a New Instrument () for Measuring Sex Offenders' Perceptions of Their Grooming Behaviors.

Grooming is a process whereby an individual who plans to commit a sexual crime uses deception with the victim as well as the people in the environment (such as the victim's family members, the offender's family, etc.) so that the crime goes undetected. Despite the overwhelming presence of grooming in sexual crimes, there is a dearth of research on sex offenders' perceptions of their own grooming behaviors.

International Scientific Collaboration Is Needed to Bridge Science to Society: USERN2020 Consensus Statement.

Scientific collaboration has been a critical aspect of the development of all fields of science, particularly clinical medicine. It is well understood that myriads of benefits can be yielded by interdisciplinary and international collaboration. For instance, our rapidly growing knowledge on COVID-19 and vaccine development could not be attained without expanded collaborative activities.

Muscarinic M1, but not M4, receptor antagonism impairs divided attention in male rats.

Divided attention may be more important than ever to comprehend, given ubiquitous distractors in modern living. In humans, concern has been expressed about the negative impact of distraction in education, the home, and the workplace. While acetylcholine supports divided attention, in part via muscarinic receptors, little is known about the specific muscarinic subtypes that may contribute.

Sexual Motivation and Sexual Reward in Male Rats are Attenuated by the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonist Degarelix.

Background: Preclinical studies that have examined the effects of androgen deprivation therapies (ADTs) on sexual outcomes have either relied on a surgical castration model of ADTs or have largely focused on consummatory sexual behaviors.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a single administration of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist, degarelix, on sexual incentive motivation (SIM), sexual reward, consummatory sexual behaviors, anxiety-like behavior, and androgen receptor signaling in male rats, and to determine if sexual stimulation attenuates the effects of degarelix on SIM.

Methods: Male rats were treated with degarelix, or vehicle, and half of the rats in each condition were briefly exposed to a sexually receptive female immediately before SIM trials (experiment 1).

Eating disorder risk identification through embedded electronic medical record prompting.

To evaluate whether the use of electronic medical record (EMR) to prompt universal eating disorder screening with a short questionnaire improved risk detection in a college gynecology clinic. Data obtained via a convenience sample of patients accessing a university health clinic. Clinicians were prompted with the SCOFF tool, a 5-item questionnaire for eating disorder risk with sensitivity of 87.

Turtles and Tortoises Are in Trouble.

Turtles and tortoises (chelonians) have been integral components of global ecosystems for about 220 million years and have played important roles in human culture for at least 400,000 years. The chelonian shell is a remarkable evolutionary adaptation, facilitating success in terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. Today, more than half of the 360 living species and 482 total taxa (species and subspecies combined) are threatened with extinction.

Priority setting for research in the field of medical ethics in the Islamic Republic of Iran: a Delphi study.

Background: Priority-setting is one way to develop research in a particular field.

Aims: We aimed to identify and prioritize the most important medical ethics issues for research in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Methods: A 3-round Delphi survey was conducted using a questionnaire covering 77 medical ethics topics in 10 categories and subcategories (extracted from literature review); this was emailed to 40 experts in medical ethics.

Perspectives of Hinduism and Zoroastrianism on abortion: a comparative study between two pro-life ancient sisters.

Hinduism and Zoroastrianism have strong historical bonds and share similar value-systems. As an instance, both of these religions are pro-life. Abortion has been explicitly mentioned in Zoroastrian Holy Scriptures including , and .

Metasurface-based ultra-lightweight high-gain off-axis flat parabolic reflectarray for microwave beam collimation/focusing.

Ultra-lightweight deployable antennas with high-gain are pivotal communication components for small satellites, which are intrinsically constrained in size, weight, and power. In this work, we design and demonstrate metasurface-based ultra-lightweight flat off-axis reflectarrays for microwave beam collimation and focusing, similar to a parabolic dish-antenna. Our ultra-thin reflectarrays employ resonators of variable sizes to cover the full 2π phase range, and are arranged on the metasurface to realize a two-dimensional parabolic focusing phase distribution.

Understanding reproductive allometry in turtles: A slippery "slope".

Measures of reproductive output in turtles are generally positively correlated with female body size. However, a full understanding of reproductive allometry in turtles requires logarithmic transformation of reproductive and body size variables prior to regression analyses. This allows for slope comparisons with expected linear or cubic relationships for linear to linear and linear to volumetric variables, respectively.

Understanding Mechanism of Adsorption in the Decolorization of Aqueous Methyl Violet (6B) Solution by Okra Polysaccharides: Experiment and Theory.

Optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Chinese okra were found using response surface methodology. The okra polysaccharide (OPS) was used for the adsorption of methyl violet 6B (MV). Conditions for maximal adsorption efficiency of MV were established.

Self-Assembly of Diblock Copolymers Containing Thermo- and Photoresponsive Lower Critical Solution Temperature Phase Behavior Polymer with Tunable Assembly Temperature in an Ionic Liquid Mixture.

This work prepared a type of diblock copolymer with thermo- and photosensitivity in ionic liquids (ILs). P(,-dimethylacrylamide) (compatible with ILs) was prepared as one segment, while butyl acrylate (BA) and 4-phenylazophenylmethacrylate (AzoMA) were copolymerized as another segment P(AzoMA--BA) with stimuli responsiveness. The diblock copolymer showed tunable lower critical micellization temperature (LCMT) in two mixed imidazole ionic liquids.

Draft Genomic Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae B8S35, Isolated from Retail Chicken Skin.

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain B8S35, isolated from retail chicken skin. It carries genes for resistance to multiple antibiotics, as well as quaternary ammonium compounds used by the food and health care industries.

Biphasic effects of 5-HT agonism on impulsive responding are dissociable from effects on anxiety in the variable consecutive number task.

The serotonergic 5-HT receptor is known to be involved in both impulsivity and anxiety-related behavior. Although anxiety and impulsivity are different constructs, it has been shown that anxiogenesis can result in impulsiveness. It is therefore important to determine if the 5-HT receptor is involved in the commission of impulsive actions independent of its effects on anxiety.