A Systematic Review of the Existing Evidence on Early Year Interventions for Trauma and Violence Prevention.

Exposure to violence in early childhood is considered a public health issue and is a significant predictor of becoming a victim or perpetrator of violence later in life. There has been a significant increase in violence intervention and prevention programs that are available for children and young people; however, there are few evidence-based interventions for younger children. This review systematically explores the existing impact evidence for available intervention and prevention programs targeted at young children (ages 3-8) across the United States and United Kingdom.

Rapid Assessment of the Need for Evidence: Applying the Principles of Value of Information to Research Prioritisation.

We propose a short-cut heuristic approach to rapidly estimate value of information (VOI) using information commonly reported in a research funding application to make a case for the need for further evaluative research. We develop a "Rapid VOI" approach, which focuses on uncertainty in the primary outcome of clinical effectiveness and uses this to explore the health consequences of decision uncertainty. We develop a freely accessible online tool, Rapid Assessment of the Need for Evidence (RANE), to allow for the efficient computation of the value of research.

Reframing interventions for optimal child nutrition and childhood obesity: the importance of considering psychological factors.

This review aims to emphasise the impact of poor nutrition on children's health and psychological well-being, urging those involved in childhood obesity or nutrition services to broaden their intervention approach. Poor nutrition and childhood obesity affect physical and psychological health. The stress of living with obesity further impacts quality of life, well-being and self-esteem.

Competency versus proficiency: trying to develop an understanding of these terms in the context of practice learning.

The language of nurse education in the UK has shifted from 'competency' to 'proficiency' since 2018. The shift in language has been poorly articulated leaving individual higher education institutions, practice supervisors and assessors to interpret what these terms mean in relation to assessing student nurses. There appeared to be some confusion regarding the interpretation of the term proficiency among those who engaged in an exchange on the topic via Twitter.

Current Trends and Future Directions in Urban Social Prescribing.

Purpose Of Review: Social prescribing (SP) is defined as a non-medical community referral program to support well-being and health. This review explores the current evidence about the effectiveness of SP.

Recent Findings: This review examined existing SP models that have been or are being tested to connect people to these opportunities through direct and indirect referral schemes.

Distortions to the passage of time during chronic pain: A mixed method study.

Background: A core aspect of the clinical assessment of pain is establishing how long pain has been present for. The reported length of pain can therefore influence diagnosis and treatment. Despite this, little is known about how chronic pain affects the passage of time.

Motivation and Hesitancies in Obtaining the COVID-19 Vaccine-A Cross-Sectional Study in Norway, USA, UK, and Australia.

Background: Vaccinations protect the public against serious diseases or death; however, some individuals are hesitant in obtaining them. We aim to contribute to the understanding of the challenges of vaccination roll-out by examining the motivations, hesitancies, and their associated factors, in obtaining the COVID-19 vaccines two years into the pandemic.

Methods: Cross-sectional online surveys were conducted in Norway, the USA, the UK, and Australia (N = 1649).

Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using E-health Technologies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aims: Technological advances have provided innovative, adaptive, and responsive models of care for inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD]. We conducted a systematic review to compare e-health interventions with standard care in management of IBD.

Methods: We searched electronic databases for randomised, controlled trials [RCT] comparing e-health interventions with standard care for patients with IBD.

Peer assessment of professionalism attributes.

Background: Peer assessment can support the development of professionalism by providing feedback that enables learners to reflect on their professional behavioural attributes.

Approach: We developed and implemented an innovative online peer assessment and feedback tool. Students were encouraged to nominate 12 peer assessors to anonymously conduct their assessment.

The impact of introducing hydrodistension as a treatment for frozen shoulder in a primary care musculoskeletal service: A retrospective audit.

Introduction: Hydrodistension, where a relatively high volume of local anaesthetic, corticosteroid, and sterile saline are injected into the shoulder joint, is a treatment of interest for frozen shoulder. In the UK National Health Service this is typically provided in the hospital setting. In 2017 we introduced hydrodistension into our physiotherapy led musculoskeletal service.

The Evaluation of Training Oral and Maxillofacial Trainees in Head and Neck Cancer Doctor-Patient Communication Using the Patient Concerns Inventory.

Unlabelled: Head and neck cancer has a significant impact on a patient's health related quality of life (HRQOL). The head and neck specific Patient Concerns Inventory (PCI-HN) has been utilised to enhance doctor-patient dialogue in routine consultations. To date there has been no formal training for oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) surgical trainees in the use of the PCI-HN in consultations.

Coastal dynamism in Southern Thailand: An application of the CoastSat toolkit.

In Thailand, 17% of the population lives by the coast, approximately 11 million people. A combination of coastal erosion, sea level rise and coastal land subsidence are critical issues threatening the livelihoods of coastal communities. Thailand has invested a lot of money and installed conservation policies to restore and protect coastal mangroves and realign or replenish their beaches.

The impact of acoustic stimulation during sleep on memory and sleep architecture: A meta-analysis.

The relationship between sleep and cognition has long been recognized, with slow-wave sleep thought to play a critical role in long-term memory consolidation. Recent research has presented the possibility that non-invasive acoustic stimulation during sleep could enhance memory consolidation. Herein, we report a random-effects model meta-analysis examining the impact of this intervention on memory and sleep architecture in healthy adults.

A critical appraisal of ankle rehabilitative interventions.

Lateral ankle sprain is a common musculoskeletal pathology. Functional exercise progression is vital to restore full function. The aim of this study was to compare the electromyographical response to a standard balance task on one stable and four unstable surfaces.

A grounded theory of type 2 diabetes prevention and risk perception.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevention programmes should target high-risk groups. Previous research has highlighted minimal engagement in such services from South Asian (SA) people. Given SA's elevated risk of T2D, there is a need to understand their perceptions, risks, and beliefs about T2D.

Financial implications of using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation following heart transplantation.

Objectives: Primary graft dysfunction after heart transplant is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be used to wean patients from cardiopulmonary bypass. This study retrospectively reviews a single-centre experience of post-transplant ECMO in regard to outcomes and associated costs.

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exacerbation of COPD.

Introduction: Low Vitamin D levels have been associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and acute exacerbations.

Objectives: There is a paucity of data on Vitamin D and COPD, its severity and exacerbations in populations that are exposed to sunlight regularly with high levels of physical activity most of their lives.

Methods: Serum levels of 25-OH-Vitamin-D were assessed in 100 COPD subjects and 100 age- and gender-matched controls from the rural community-based MUDHRA cohort in South India.

Clinical, Epidemiological and Experimental Approaches to Assess Adverse Health Outcomes of Indoor Biomass Smoke Exposure: Conclusions from An Indo-Swedish Workshop in Mysuru, January 2020.

This report summarizes the outcome of a workshop held in Mysuru, India in January 2020 addressing the adverse health effects of exposure to biomass smoke (BMS). The aim of the workshop was to identify uncertainties and gaps in knowledge and possible methods to address them in the Mysuru study on Determinants of Health in Rural Adults (MUDHRA) cohort. Specific aims were to discuss the possibility to improve and introduce new screening methods for exposure and effect, logistic limitations and other potential obstacles, and plausible strategies to overcome these in future studies.

Orientation Effects in the Development of Linear Object Tracking in Early Infancy.

Infants' oculomotor tracking develops rapidly but is poorer when there are horizontal and vertical movement components. Additionally, persistence of objects moving through occlusion emerges at 4 months but initially is absent for objects moving obliquely. In two experiments, we recorded eye movements of thirty-two 4-month-old and thirty-two 6-month-old infants (mainly Caucasian-White) tracking horizontal, vertical, and oblique trajectories.

Modulation of Small Artery Function by Insulin in Young Women: Role of Adiposity.

Objectives: Vascular dysfunction is common in obesity. Insulin can directly modulate arterial function, but its role is unclear in obesity. We examined the influence of adiposity on direct effects of insulin on human artery responses.

What works best when implementing a physical activity intervention for teenagers? Reflections from the ACTIVE Project: a qualitative study.

Objective: This paper explores what aspects of a multicomponent intervention were deemed strengths and weaknesses by teenagers and the local council when promoting physical activity to young people.

Design: Qualitative findings at 12 months from a mixed method randomised control trial.

Methods: Active Children Through Incentive Vouchers-Evaluation (ACTIVE) gave teenagers £20 of activity enabling vouchers every month for a year.

Belongingness and its implications for undergraduate health professions education: a scoping review.

Belongingness is well recognised within higher education to have an important influence on the performance and well-being of learners. There appears to be little awareness of its importance in undergraduate health professions education. To identify how belongingness has been defined and measured, its impact on the performance and well-being of learners, and how it can be fostered in educational settings.

The Mysuru stUdies of Determinants of Health in Rural Adults (MUDHRA), India.

Between 2006 and 2010, in 16 randomly selected villages in rural areas of Mysore district, in south India, 8,457 subjects aged 30 and above were screened for symptoms of chronic respiratory disease. Of the 8,457 subjects, 1,692 were randomly invited for further evaluation of lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by spirometry, and 1,085 of these subjects underwent lung function assessments for prevalent COPD and its risk factors. These 1,085 subjects, who were then aged between 35 and 80 years, constituted the Mysuru stUdies of Determinants of Health in Rural Adults (MUDHRA) cohort.

Relative Age, Maturation and Physical Biases on Position Allocation in Elite-Youth Soccer.

This study assessed the contribution of relative age, anthropometry, maturation, and physical fitness characteristics on soccer playing position (goalkeeper [GK], central-defender [CD], lateral-defender [LD], central-midfield [CM], lateral-midfielder [LM], and forward [FWD]) for 465 elite-youth players (U13-U18's). U13-14 CD were relatively older than LD and CM ( small effects). CD and GK were generally taller and heavier ( small to moderate effects) than other players at each developmental stage and were advanced maturers at U13-14 ( small to moderate effects).

An investigation of the clinical experiences of dentists within the national dental foundation training programme in the North West of England.

Objective To investigate the clinical experiences of foundation dentists (FDs) in the North West of England.Methods Three research methods were used: a questionnaire completed by FDs at the end of their training; an analysis of the clinical logs of experience recorded in the educational portfolios; and analysis of NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA) activity data for the 12 month period of training of FDs.Results A response rate of 100% (N = 50) was achieved for the questionnaire and complete data for 49 of the 50 FDs was available from the NHSBSA and clinical logs in the educational portfolios.